Ukwembulela iqiniso nge-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch: Ukuphepha, Ukuhlonza, kanye nokuqonda kwelebhu yophahla lwakho nangale kwalokho

I-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch yizinto eziguquguqukayo ezitholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezimboni, kusuka kumaphrojekthi wophahla kuya ekukhiqizweni kwe-aluminium. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza nabo kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezindawo zabo, izingozi ezingaba khona, kanyeukuphephaizinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuvikela abasebenzi. Le ndatshana idlulela ezicini ezibucayi zeI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch, ukugxila ku-sesebenzini ukuphepha nempilo, ubungozi obuhambisanaAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS), kanye nezindlela zaboukukhonjwakanye nokuphatha ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwazo ku-uphahlaIzicelo kanyeabathaki bemithiukuhlaziywa. Kufundwe okubalulekile kunoma ngubani onjengoMark Thompson, iSikhulu Esithelayo e-USA, noma ochwepheshe bezimboni kuma-aluminium smelters, amamitha ensimbi, futhiukwakhaabaphatha lezi zinto zokwakha. Njengoba u-Allen, umnikazi wefekthri eChina enemigqa eyisikhombisa yokukhiqiza ethunyelwa ngaphandleIfektri ephezulu ye-Coal Tar Pitch kanye nomhlinzekiEmhlabeni jikelele, ngifuna ukuhlanganyela ukuqonda okusebenzayo ukukusiza ukuqinisekisaUkuphepha emsebenzinikanye nokuthobelana, ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ifana ne-Coal Tar ne-petroleumcocke.

Ukuqonda izisekelo: Yini i-coal tar kanye ne-coal-tar pitch?

Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela esikhuluma ngayo lapho sikhulumaI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch? I-Coal Tar iyi-ketshezi elimnyama, elimnyama, aukwengezaetholakele lapho amalahle enziwe nge-coke (njengoba kuukukhiqizwa kwe-coke) noma ukuhlakanipha ukwenzaI-COAL COSSIONimikhiqizo. Cabanga ngakho njengengxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinkulungwane zeamakhemikhali amakhemikhali. Lapho lokhu kuluhlazaI-TAR ihlutshiwe, ihlukanisa izingxenyana ezahlukahlukene, nenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile evela kulokhuI-distillationInqubo iyi-coal-tar pitch. Lesi sikhathi sithiokuhlangenekwesokunxele ngemuva kokuvusa amalahle amalahle. Ingahluka kusuka kokuqukethwe okuthambile, okufuywayo ku-adve eqinile, eqinile, kuya ngezinga le-distillation.

Le khasiukwakhekaiwa-I-COAL TAR noma amalahleImikhiqizo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngokuyinhloko ehlanganisaI-Aromatic hydrocarbons, kufaka phakathipolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Pahs). Okuthile okuthileIzimbotshana zamalahlelezo eziguquliwe zezakhiwo ezihlukile noma amazinga okushisa. UzotholaI-COAL TAR iyasetshenziswangohla lwezicelo eziningi. Isibonelo, kuyingxenye ebalulekile ngaphakathiIzinto zophahla(»Uphahla lwe-Poofing),indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoAbathengisi, abavikelayoumgwengweziIzicelo, kanye ne-binder ekukhiqizeni ama-electrodes weukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiumnokwenza insimbi. Futhi kungumlandoKusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isikhumbaImibandela efanaI-Psoriasis, noma lokhu kusetshenziswa manje kulawulwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yokukhathazeka okungaba khona kwezempilo. Ukuqonda lokhu okuyisisekeloukukhonjwaisinyathelo sokuqala ekuphatheni okuphephile.

Njengomenzi, sikhiqiza izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengeAmalahle Amalahle Amaphikookulula ukuphatha nokuhambisa. Ibanga elithile le-pitch-kungaba lokushisa okuphakathi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, noma eliguquliwe - linquma ukufaneleka kwalo kohlelo oluthile. Kumabhizinisi afana noMark Thompson's, ahlinzekela lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, azi ukuthi umthombo nezindawo eziyisisekelo zibalulekile ekuqinisekisweni kwekhwalithi kanyeukuphepha.

Kungani ukuvezwa emsebenzini kuma-coal taal pitch Volotionals (CTPVs) ukukhathazeka okukhulu?

Enye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokukhathazeka ngaphakathi-sesebenziniIzilungiseleloUkuchayeka ku-Coal Tar Pitchamavoloti, ajwayele ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-CTPV. Lapho i-coal tar noma i-coal-tar pitch ifudunyezwa - njengoba kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezifana nophahla, ukudonsa, noma ukukhala kwe-aluminium-kukhipha lezi zinto eziguqukayo emoyeni. I-CTPVS iyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlaka ezithinta umoya kanye namazwi, kufaka phakathi ama-pahs ambalwa, amanye awayo aziwayo noma asolwayo ama-carcinogens, afanai-benzene. LeliukuchayekaKungenzeka nge-inhalation, ukuxhumana kwesikhumba, noma ngishoincelaUma imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka ingalandelwanga.

Izinga lengozi kusukaAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatileskuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezimbalwa: Theukuqoqanaama-CTPV emoyeni, isikhathi seukuchayeka, okuqondileokuthakiweyo ukwakhekaka-volutiles, kanye nezindlela zokulawula endaweni. Abasebenzi ezimbonini ezifanaomuvaUkusebenza,cockeizitshalo ze-oveni, ukukhala kwe-aluminium, nomgwaqogandayaingqondo iphakathi kwalabo abangase babhekane kakhulu-sesebenzini Ukuchayeka ku-Tar Coal Tar. Kwabanikazi bebhizinisi njengoMark Thompson, ukuqonda lezi zingozi kubalulekile hhayi kuphela imisebenzi yabo uma bephatha izinto zokwakha kepha futhi beluleka amakhasimende aboukuphepha nempiloamaphrothokholi. Amandla wokuthi imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside yenza ukuphathaukuchayekaku-CTPVS okubaluleke kakhuluEzempilo Nokuphephakuindawo yokusebenza.

Ezikhungweni zethu, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda lezi zingozi. Sikholwa ukuthi ulwazi luwumugqa wokuqala wokuvikela. Ukufundisa iqembu lethu futhi, ngokwengeziwe, amaklayenti ethu mayelanaAma-CTPVnokubaluleka kokunciphisaUkuchayeka ku-Tar Coal Tarkuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuzibophezela kwethu kuukuphepha. Le ndlela esebenzayo ibalulekile ukuze ilondoloze abasebenzi abanempilo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha umkhiqizo onomthwalo wemfanelo.

Sikwenza kanjani ukukhonjwa okunembile kanye nokusampula kwelebhu yemikhiqizo yamalahle amalahle?

-Nembileukukhonjwana-abathaki bemithiUkuhlaziywa kubalulekile ekuphatheni ubungozi obuhambisanaI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch. Lokhu kuqala ngokuqonda umkhiqizo othize obhekene nawo. Amabanga ahlukene nezinhlobo ze-Coal Tar Pitch zizoba namazinga ahlukahlukene ezinto eziguqukayo kanye nezinto ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, kwethuUkushisa okuphakathi kwe-asphalt blockuzoba nezimpawu ezihlukile kunokuhluka okuphezulu okuphezulu. -Yikho ngqoukukhonjwaKubandakanya ukwazi umthombo, inqubo yokukhiqiza, nokufinyelela ekucacisweni komkhiqizo okunemininingwane kanye namashidi wedatha yezokuphepha (SDS).

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlola-sesebenzini ukuchayeka, ISampula Nokuhlaziywaamasu aqashiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqoqa umoyaimbonakalisokusuka ezindaweni eziphefumulayo zabasebenzi noma kusuka kokujwayelekileindawo yokusebenzaizindawo laphoAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatileskungenzeka kube khona. Lawa masampula abese ethunyelwa kumuntu ofanelekayoabathaki bemithiUkuhlaziywa. Ilebhu izovame ukuhlaziya ama-pahs athile noma ingxenye ye-benzeble engenakuqhathaniswa yento ephelele yokulibazisa, okuyisilinganiso esivamile se-CTPVS. Imiphumela yalokhuISampula NokuhlaziywaSiza ukunqumaukuqoqanaye-CTPVS bese uyiqhathanisa nayo-sesebenzini Imikhawulo yokuvezwa. Le datha ibalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezindlela zokulawula kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nakhoumthetho-nqubos.

Ukuze isikhulu sezokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMarku, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlinzeki bahlinzeka ngemininingwane efanele yomkhiqizo futhi, uma kunesidingo, idatha yokuhlaziya isekela ukhiye. Kuyasiza ekuqiniseni ikhwalithi nokuhlinzeka amakhasimende akhe imininingwane edingekayo yokwaboukuphephaukuhlolwa. Efektri yethu, siphatha ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, okubandakanyaabathaki bemithiUkuhlola, ukuqinisekisa imikhiqizo yethu kuhlangana nokucaciswa kokucaciswa futhi kunikeze amakhasimende ethu mayelana nezinto zokwakha ezitholayo.

Ukuzulazula kwendawo yokulawula: Yiziphi izinkombandlela ze-OSHA ne-ninoosh zokuvezwa kwamalahle amalahle?

Ukuqonda nokunamathela kwimithetho kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kusebenza ngezinto zokwakhaI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch. E-United States, abaphathi bezokuphepha nezempilo (Osha) kuyisisekeloukumelaunesibopho sokubeka nokuphoqelela indawo yokusebenzaukuphepha nempiloamazinga.OSHAImithethonqubo ihlosekhawulisaumsebenziukuchayekaezintweni eziyingozi, kufaka phakathiAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles. Ngokukhethekile, i-OSHA inomkhawulo wokuvezwa okuvumelekile (Pel) kuma-CTPVs, okuvame ukukalwa njengengxenye ye-benzine-influble yendaba ephelele. Le pel iyasebenza ngokusemthethweni, futhi abaqashi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi isisebenziukuchayekaangeqi lokhukhawulisa.

I-National Institute yokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (UNiosh), ingxenye yezikhungo zokulawulwa kwezifo kanye nokuvimbela izifo (CDC), idlala indima ehlukile kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu.UNioshUkwenza ucwaningo futhi lwenza izincomo zokuvimbela ukulimala okuhlobene nokusebenza nokugula okuhlobene nomsebenzi. LaphoUNioshImikhawulo yokuvezwa okunconyiwe (izinsiza) ayihlanganisi ngokusemthethweniOshaAma-PELS e-'S, avame ukuqina futhi asuselwa ekuqondeni kwakamuva kwesayensi kwezingozi zempilo. Izinkampani eziningi zikhetha ukulandelaUNioshImihlahlandlela Njengomkhuba omuhle kakhulu wokuvikelaumsebenziEzempilo. KokubiliOshana-UNioshhlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza ezibanziUkuchayeka Phatha I-Tar Coal Tar, Ukuxhumana ngengozi, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula. Le khasiumthetho-nqubonxazonke lezi zinto zenzelwe ukuvikela abasebenzi, futhi kubalulekile kunoma ngubani ophetheI-COAL TAR noma amalahleimikhiqizo ukuze uqaphele futhi ihambisane nalezi zindinganiso. Lokhu kuthinta ngqoUkuphepha emsebenzini.

Izinkampani ezifana noMarku, yiziphi izinto zokwakha ezivela emazweni anjenge China, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo, lapho ifika futhi isetshenziswa e-USA, ingaphathwa ngokuhambisana naleziImikhawulo yokuvezwa. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokuxhumana okucacile nabaphakeli mayelana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo nokuqukethwe okungaba khona okuguquguqukayo. We, njengomhlinzeki, sikuqonde lokhu futhi silwela ukuhlinzeka yonke imininingwane edingekayo ukusiza amakhasimende ethu ahlangabezane nalezi zidingo zokulawula.

Yiziphi izingozi eziqondene nezempilo ezibhekene ne-benzene namanye ama-CTPV?

Izingozi zezempilo ezihambisana nazoUkuchayeka ku-Tar Coal Tarkanye nama-volotiles alo, ikakhulukazi ama-CTPV afanai-benzenenezinyeUkubopha(ama-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons noma ama-polycyclic aphuphukayo hydrocarbons), ukukhathazeka okukhuluumsebenzi ukuphepha nempilo. Isikhathi esifushaneukuchayekakungadala ukucasuka esikhunjeni, amehlo, kanye nepheshana lokuphefumula. Izimpawu zingafaka ukubomvu, ukulunywa, imizwa evuthayo, nokungaphatheki kahle. Abanye abantu bangathola nokuthola izithombe, okusho ukuthi isikhumba sabo sizwela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga ngemuvaukuchayeka.

Isikhathi eside noma esiphindaphindwayo-sesebenzini ukuchayekaIphatha ubungozi obukhulu.Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatileszihlukaniswa njengama-carcinogens abantu. Isikhathi esideinhalationnoma ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nge-CTPVS, kufaka phakathii-benzene(i-leukemogen eyaziwayo), ixhunywe engcupheni eyandayo yemidlavuza ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathiumdlavuza wesikhumba(ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesikhumba ongawona i-melanoma),umdlavuza wamaphaphu, isinyeumdlavuza, futhiinsonge yasolwandleumdlavuza. Le khasiUhlelo lukaNational Toxicology'Bika nge-carcinogensUhluI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitchnjengoba kwaziwa njenge-carcinogens yabantu. Ngaphezu komdlavuza, okungamahlalakhonaukuchayekaFuthi kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga zesikhumba, ezinjenge-tar warts noma i-folliculitis, futhi kungalimaza ezinye izitho. Ngenkathi amanye amalungiselelo amalahle akhonaKusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isikhumbaImibandela efanaI-Psoriasisngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, akulawulwa-sesebenzini ukuchayekakuhluke kakhulu futhi kubeka izinsongo ezibalulekile zezempilo.

Ukuqonda lezi zingozi eziqondene nempilo, kusuka ekucasukeni okuvamile ezimweni ezibucayi njengomdlavuza, kubalulekile. Igcizelela ukuthi kungani ukunamathela kuImikhawulo yokuvezwa, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE), kanye nezilawuli zobunjiniyela ezisebenzayo akuyona nje izidingo zokulawula kepha imikhuba ebalulekile yokuvikela izimpilo nenhlala-kahle yazo zonkeumsebenzi kuvezwe kumalahleImikhiqizo yeTar.

Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobungozi: Izinyathelo zokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwezimboni zezimboni?

Ingozi epheleleukukalaingabe itshe lokuphatha-sesebenziniizingozi ezihambisana nazoI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitchkunoma yikuphi-kwezimboniukusetha. Umgomo ukuthola imithombo engenzeka yeukuchayekakwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles, hlola ubungozi, futhi usebenzise izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo zokuvimbelaukonakalisafuthi uvikeleumsebenziEzempilo. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze ilondoloze okuhleikhwalithi yomoyakuindawo yokusebenza.

Nansi indlela ejwayelekile yokwenza ubungoziukukala:

1. Khomba izingozi:Thola ukuthi abasebenzi bangaba kuphi futhi kanjanikuvezwe ku-coal talimikhiqizo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi efana nokushisa, ukuthulula, ukufafaza, noma ukusika izinto eziqukethe i-coal tar pitch. Cabanga ngazo zonke izindlela ezingaba khona zeukuchayeka: inhalationama-CTPV, ukuxhumana kwesikhumba ngeinto, nengoziincela.
2. Khomba ukuthi ngubani ongalinyazwa nokuthi kanjani:Bhala abasebenzi noma amaqembu abasebenzi abasengozini futhi bachaza imiphumela engaba khona yezempilo, njengoba kuxoxwe ngaye ngaphambili.
3. Hlaziya ubungozi bese unquma ngezindlela zokuphepha:
   • Ukukala noma ukulinganisa izinga leukuchayeka. Lokhu kungafakaikhwalithi yomoyaUkuqapha i-CTPVukuqoqana.
   • Qhathanisa lawa nalawa-sesebenzini Imikhawulo yokuvezwa(e.g.,OshaAma-Pels,UNioshIzihlakala).
   • Ukubeka phambili ubungozi futhi kunqume ukuthi izilawuli ezikhona zanele noma uma kudingeka zenziwe yini.
4. Izindlela zokulawula zokulawula:Landela ukuphathwa kwezilawuli:
   • Ukuqedwa / ukufaka esikhundleni:Uma kungenzeka, buyisela imikhiqizo yamalahle yamalahle ngezindlela eziphephile. (Lokhu kuvame ukungabi nalutho ngenxa yezidingo zokusebenza).
   • Izilawuli Zobunjiniyela:Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokufaka umoya omncane (umoya omncane wendawo uvame ukuba ukhiye), ukufakwa ngaphakathi, noma ukucubungula ukuguqulwa kokunciphisa ukuphuma emthonjeni.
   • Izilawuli Zokuphatha:Shintsha imikhuba yomsebenzi, njengokukhawulaukuchayekaIsikhathi, ukuhlinzeka ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuqinisekisa izindlela ezinhle zokuhlanzeka.
   • Imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE):Hlinzeka futhi uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwabafundi, amagilavu ​​kanye nezingubo zokuvikela njengomugqa wokugcina wokuvikela.
5. Qopha okutholakele bese uwasebenzisa:Bhala ubungoziukukala, izilawuli zisetshenziswa, futhi noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa okunikeziwe.
6. Buyekeza futhi ubuyekeze:Buyekeza njalo ubungoziukukala(e.g., Njalo ngonyaka, noma lapho izinqubo zishintsha) ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi zisebenza ngempumelelo.

Kumnikazi wenkampani njengoMark Thompson, ukuqonda lokhuukukalaInqubo ibalulekile, noma ngabe ayiyiqondi ngqo. Kuyamsiza ukuba akwazise ukubaluleka kweukuphephaImininingwane ayithola kubahlinzeki futhi idlulisela kumakhasimende akhe. Ukuvimbelaukonakalisakanye nokuqinisekisa okuphephileindawo yokusebenzakungumsebenzi owabiwe.

Ngaphesheya kwemithethonqubo: Izindlela zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zokuphepha kwamalahle amalahle?

Ngenkathi unamathelaOshana-UNioshImihlahlandlela ibalulekile, iyasebenzaumsebenzi ukuphephaIzinyathelo zihamba ngesinyathelo esinye ukudala iphephile ngokweqinisoindawo yokusebenzaimvelo lapho isingathaI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch. Lokhu kufaka ukukhuthaza okuqinileukuphephaIsiko lapho njaloumsebenziubambisene futhi wanikwa amandla. Kucishe kube ngaphezu kokuhlangana ubuncaneumthetho-nqubo; imayelana nokulwela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu weEzempilo Nokuphepha.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zifaka:

• Ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele:Abasebenzi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngokuphelele hhayi ezingozini zeAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatilesnezinyeamakhemikhali amakhemikhaliYethula, kepha futhi ngezinqubo zomsebenzi eziphephile, ukusetshenziswa okuyikho kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-PPE (njengezimopishi namagilavu ​​angenakunqotshwa), izinqubo eziphuthumayo, ukugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla, hhayi ukubhema ezindaweni zomsebenzi). Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufanele kuqhubeke futhi kuvuseleleke njalo.
• Ukubhekwa kwezempilo nokuhlola:Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhekwa kwezempilo kungasiza ekuqaleniukukhonjwakwanoma yiziphi izingqinamba zezempilo ezihlobeneukuchayeka. Lokhu kungafaka amasheke wesikhumba ajwayelekile abasebenzi abanesikhumba esibalulekileukuchayekakanye nezokwelaphaukuchofuNjengoba kunconywe yi-sesebenziniOchwepheshe bezempilo.
• Ukugcizelela izilawuli zobunjiniyela:Ukubeka phambili izilawuli zobunjiniyela (ezifana nezinhlelo zomoya ongazenza ngconoikhwalithi yomoya) Ngaphezu kokuthembela ku-PPE kuyinto esebenza ngempumelelo yesikhathi eside. Njengomnikazi wefektri, ngikholwa ukuthi ukutshala imali ebunjiniyela obuhle ukutshala imali kubantu bakithi.
• Ukuxhumana okuvulekile:Khuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi babike noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelanaukuphepha, kungenzekaukuchayeka, noma izimpawu ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindiselwa. I-Repecback Loop iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ngokuqhubekayoUkuphepha emsebenziniimikhuba.
• Ukugcinwa Kwendlu Okuhle:Ukugcina okuhlanzekile nokuhlelekileindawo yokusebenzainganciphisa kakhulu ngokwesibiliukuchayekaimizila. Ama-spill kufanele ahlanze ngokushesha nangokufanele.

Lezi zinyathelo ezisebenzayo zinomthelela omkhulu ekupheleleniukuphepha nempilo. Kothile onjengoMark, osebenzelana nabahlinzeki kanye namakhasimende ahlukahlukene, ukuqonda ukuthi umphakeli (njengase-US, inkampani ye-Allen) ebeka phambili i-proactiveukuphephakungaba yinkomba eqinile yokwethenjwa nokusebenza kokuziphatha okuhle. Kubonisa ukuzibophezela okungaphezu kokulandela ukuhambisana okulula, okuhlose ubuhle ngaphakathi-sesebenziniinhlala-kahle.

Indima Ebalulekile Yokuqapha Kwekhwalithi Yomoya Ekuphatheni Ukuvezwa Kwendawo Yomsebenzi?

Ikhwalithi yomoyaUkuqapha kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokuphathaindawo yokusebenza ukuchayekakwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVs). Awukwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo lokho ongakulinganisi. Ukuqapha kusiza ekukhetheniukuqoqanakwezinto ezingcolisa izindiza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga asele ngezansi asungulwe-sesebenzini Imikhawulo yokuvezwaFuthi lezo zinyathelo zokulawula zisebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe. Le yingxenye ebalulekile yokunamathela kuIzinga lokungcola komoya embonini jikelele.

Inqubo ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola Okuqala:Lapho imikhiqizo yamalahle yamalahle enziwa okokuqala noma lapho inqubo ishintsha, okuqalaukukalaiwa-ikhwalithi yomoyaisiza ukuthola isisekeloukuchayekaiphrofayili.
• Ukuqapha komuntu siqu:Lokhu kufaka ukubeka idivaysi yesampula endaweni yokuphefumula yeumsebenziukukala umuntu waboukuchayekato a-ngcolisayoNjengama-CTPV kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo wokushintshwa. Lokhu kunikeza idatha enembile kunazo zonke yokuhlola ingozi yomuntu ngamunye.
• Ukuqapha Kwendawo: Imbonakalisoiziqoqiwe ezindaweni ezihleliwe kuindawo yokusebenzaukuhlola okujwayelekileukuqoqanaiwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatilesezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni "izindawo ezishisayo" noma izindawo lapho izilawuli zobunjiniyela zingadinga ukuthuthuka.
• Ukuqapha njalo / ngezikhathi ezithile:Kuya ngokutholwa kokuqala, uhlobo lomsebenzi, nezidingo zokulawula, ngezikhathi ezithileikhwalithi yomoyaUkuqapha kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezilawuli. Uma izinqubo ziguquka noma uma kunesizathu sokusola ukwanda kweukuchayeka, Ukuqapha kufanele kuphindwe.

Imininingwane eqoqwe kusukaISampula Nokuhlaziywakwalawa masampula endiza kubalulekile. Kuyazisa izinqumo ngesidingo sezilawuli ezingezekile zobunjiniyela, izinguquko ezindleleni zomsebenzi, noma uhlobo lokuvikelwa kokuphefumula oludingekayo. Izinkampani ziphatha izinto ezinjengethuAsphalt lokushisa eliphakeme, ukwazi lokho kuqinileikhwalithi yomoyaAbaphathi basendaweni ekupheleni komsebenzisi baqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo usetshenziswa ngokuphepha. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile futhi ngokubonisa ukuthobelaOSHAamazinga, njengeI-Contaminants ejwayelekile yemboni ejwayelekile.

Kuyini isimo sikaNiosh kanye nomnikelo kumazinga okuphepha kwamalahle amalahle?

I-National Institute yokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (UNiosh) Idlala indima ebalulekile, egxile ecwaningweni endaweni yeukuphepha kwamalahle kwamalahlena--sesebenziniEzempilo. LaphoOshaIsetha futhi iphoqelele izindinganiso ezibopha ngokusemthethweni,UNioshIsebenza njengocwaningo oluyisihluthuleloukumela, enikeza isisekelo sesayensi salezo zindinganiso futhi sinikeze izincomo ukuvikela ukugula nokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi. Le khasiisikhungoiyingxenye ebucayi yoMnyango Wezempilo we-U.S.

UNioshiminikelo ngokuqondeneI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar PitchFaka:

• Cwaninga: UNioshwenza futhi uxhase ucwaningo ngemiphumela yezempilo yeUkuchayeka ku-Coal Tar Pitchama-volatiles nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Lolu cwaningo lusiza ukuqonda ubudlelwane bethamo, bona kube sengoziniumsebenziabantu, futhi bahlole i-carcinogenicicity of ahlukahlukeneamakhemikhali amakhemikhali.
• Kunconywe ukuvezwa kwemikhawulo (izinsiza):Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili,UNioshkuthuthukisa izinsiza, ezivame ukuvikela kakhulu kunokuOshaamapeni. Lezi zincomo zisuselwa ekubuyekezweni okuphelele kwemininingwane yesayensi futhi ihlose ukuvikela abasebenzi ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Kwi-CTPVS,UNioshI-SOREL ngokujwayelekile iphansi kuneOshaI-PEL ye-PEL, ekhombisa indlela eqapha ngokwengeziwe kule carcinogen eyaziwayo.
• Imibhalo yokuqondisa nezincwadi:Le khasiI-National InstituteIshicilela ingcebo yolwazi, kufaka phakathi amadokhumenti e-Criteria, ama-bulleties wamanje wezobunhloli, kanye nezixazululo zomsebenzi, enikeza ukuholwa okusebenzayo kwengoziukukhonjwa, Ingoziukukala, ukulawula izindlela, futhiISampula NokuhlaziywaIzindlela zeAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles.
• Ukuhlolwa kobungozi bezempilo (HHES): UNioshingaqhuba ama-hhes ezindaweni zokusebenza ngesicelo esivela kubaqashi noma abasebenzi ukuthi baphenye izingozi zezempilo, kufaka phakathi leyoUkuchayeka ku-Tar Coal Tar.

Kwamabhizinisi afana noMark Thompson's, ekwaziUNioshIzincomo zezincomo zingaba usizo. Noma kungabikwa ngokusemthethweni, ukwamukelaUNioshImihlahlandlela ingamela umkhuba omuhle kakhulu kuukuphepha nempilo, ngokunciphisa izingozi zezempilo zesikhathi eside zabasebenzi futhi zinciphise isikweletu.UNioshUmsebenzi usiza kubeka umthetho wenqubo(ngomqondo oncomayo) futhi uthuthukeUkuphepha emsebenziniamazinga ngokuqhubekayo.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokusampula nokuhlaziywa: Ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-CTPVS enembile elabhorethri lakho?

Isilinganiso esifanele seAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS) ngokufaneleISampula Nokuhlaziywaamasu abalulekile ekuhlolweniumsebenzi ukuchayekakanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokulawula. Ukuthi uqhuba le ndlu noma usebenzisa ingaphandleabathaki bemithi, Ukunamathela emisebenzini engcono kakhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemininingwane yakho. Lokhu kungaphezu nje kokuzivocavoca kwezobuchwepheshe; Yitshe legumbi lakhoukuphephaUhlelo.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zeISampula Nokuhlaziywaye-CTPVS:

1. Sebenzisa izindlela eziqinisekisiwe:Sebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile neziqinisekiswa eziqinisekisiwe, ezinjengalezo ezithuthukiswe nguUNioshnomaOsha. Kwi-CTPVS, lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukuqoqa udaba lokuhlanganisa isihlungi bese kuhlaziya ingxenyana ye-benzeble noma ethizeUkubopha.
2. Ukulawulwa kwemishini efanele:Qinisekisa yonke imishini yesampula (amaphampu, ama-flowmeters) ilinganiselwe kahle ngaphambi nangemva kokunyeimbonakalisoUkuqoqwa Amanani angenakuqhathaniswa angaholela emaphutheni abalulekile emoyeni obaliweukuqoqanas.
3. ISampling Emele:Le khasiimbonakalisokufanele amele kahleumsebenzikungokoqoboukuchayekanoma izimo endaweni ethile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubheka isikhathi sesampula, indawo yeSampler (E.G., endaweni yokuphefumula yabasebenzi ngamasampula akho), kanye nemisebenzi ethile yenziwa.
4. Amasampula angenalutho:Faka izikhala zensimu kanye nezikhala zemithombo yezindaba nge-batch ngayinye yamasampula ethunyelwe kuabathaki bemithi. Insimu izikhala isingathwa njengamasampula wangempela kepha ayinawo umoya odonswe ngayo, ukusiza ukukhomba noma iyiphiukonakalisangesikhathi sokuphatha noma ukuthunyelwa. Izikhala zemidiya ziyizihlungi ezingezinhle.
5. Uchungechunge lokugcinwa kwalo:Gcina uchungechunge olufanele lokugcinwa kwamasampula wonke amasampula kusuka kuabathaki bemithiukuhlaziywa. Le mibhalo ilandelela ukuphathwa kweimbonakalisofuthi iqinisekise ubuqotho bayo.
6. I-Laboration egunyaziwe:Sebenzisa i-accreditedabathaki bemithiUkuhlaziywa, mhlawumbe eyodwa enesipiliyoni ekuhlaziyeni i-CTPVS nomaI-Aromatic hydrocarbons. Ukugunyazwa (e.g., yi-American Industrial Hygiene Association - AIHA) kukhombisa ukuthiabathaki bemithiihlangabezana namazinga athile ekhwalithi.
7. Ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela:Imiphumela kufanele ihunyushwe ngenhlanzeko yezimboni efanelekile nomaukuphephaochwepheshe abaqonda izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe, ukulinganiselwa kwedatha, kanye ne-efanele-sesebenzini Imikhawulo yokuvezwa.

Ngokulandela lezi zindlela ezinhle kakhulu, izinkampani zingaba nokuzethemba okuthe xaxa kuzoukuchayeka ukukalaidatha. Lokhu kuvumela izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokwengeziwe maqondana namasu okulawula futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unempiloindawo yokusebenza. Ukuze uthole izikhulu zokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMarku, ukuqonda ukuthi abasebenzisi bawo bangenza imininingwane enjaloISampula NokuhlaziywaKugqamisa ukubaluleka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki kanye nemininingwane esobala evela kubahlinzeki abafana nathi.

Ukusuka efektri yethu uye kwakho: Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha emikhiqizweni yamalahle amalahle

Njengoba u-Allen, umnikazi wefekthri eChina ochwepheshe ngaphakathiImikhiqizo yamalahle yamalahle kanye ne-petroleum coke, Ukuzibophezela kwami ​​kuyadlula nje ukukhiqiza nje. Siyaqonda ukuthi imikhiqizo efanaI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitch, uhlobo lwenthracAmafutha, kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zecockekukhona okokufaka okubucayi kwezimboni ezisukelaukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiumkwa-Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo. Siphinde sikubonile ukubaluleka okukhulu kweukuphepha nempiloezihambisana nalezi zinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi maqondanaAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatilesna--sesebenzini ukuchayeka.

Imigqa yethu eyisikhombisa yokukhiqiza ihloselwe ukukhiqiza izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kusho ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi eqinile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kusuka ekutholeni izinto zokusetshenziswa emkhiqizweni wokugcina, noma ngabeIbhola iphimbonoma i-asphalt ekhethekile. Sinikeza amamaki okushisa ahlukahlukene nemikhiqizo eguquliwe ukuze ahlangane ahlukahlukene-kwezimboniIzidingo. Ukuhambisana namazinga aphesheya akuyona nje ibhokisi lokuhlola kithi; Yingxenye eyisisekelo yefilosofi yethu yokusebenza. Siyazi ukuthi amakhasimende afana noMark Thompson awafuni nje izintengo zokuncintisana; Bazwela kakhulu futhi bakhathazekile ngezitifiketi (njenge-ISO Standards kanye nokuthobela imvelo), izinto, kanye nokwethenjelwaIzindlela Zokukhokha.

Silwela ukubhekana namaphoyinti obuhlungu ajwayelekile, njengokuxhumana okungasebenzi nokukhathazeka ngokuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi, ngokukhuthaza ukucaca kanye nokunikeza amadokhumenti aphelele. Ngenkathi thina, njengabakhiqizi, gxila kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ye-tontinic futhiukuphephaImininingwane (njenge-SDS), siphinde sisekele amaklayenti ethu ngokunikeza idatha ecacile ebasiza ukuphathaukuchayekafuthi uhambisane nemithetho yabo yendawo, njengeOSHAIzidingo e-USA. Sikholwa ukuthi ikhasimende elinolwazi kahle liyikhasimende eliphephile, futhi ikhasimende ephephile lingumlingani wesikhathi eside. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ekuthumeleni e-USA, eNyakatho Melika, i-Europe, nase-Australia kusifundise ukubaluleka kwale ndlela epheleleukuphepha, ikhwalithi, kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende. Sihlose ukuba ngaphezu komphakeli nje; Sihlose ukuba ngumlingani othembekile empumelelweni yakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthiI-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar PitchImikhiqizo oyitholayo inikela ngempumelelo ngempumelelo nangokuphepha ekusebenzeni kwakho.

Ukubekezela okusemqoka ukukhumbula:

• Ukuqonda kubalulekile: I-Coal Tar ne-Coal-Tar Pitchyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisuselwa kumalahle, ngeAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS) ngokuba yinto yokuqala-sesebenziniUkukhathazeka ngempilo ngenxaukuchayekaubungozi.
• Ubungozi bezempilo bangempela: Ukuchayekakuma-CTPV, kufaka phakathii-benzenenamanye ama-pahs, kungaholela ekucasukeni, Photonsitivity, kanye nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside efanaumdlavuza wesikhumba, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhiisinyeumdlavuza.
• Imithetho Indaba: OshaIsetha ukuvezwa okuvumelekile okuvumelekile (ama-PEL), ngenkathiUNioshihlinzeka ngemikhawulo yokuvezwa okubuyiselwe emuva (izinsiza) nokuholwa yiumsebenzi ukuphepha. Ukuhambisana kubalulekile.
• Ukuhlola ubungozi kubalulekile:Ingozi ehlelekileukukalaisiza ukubona izingozi, ukuhlola ubungozi beukonakalisa, futhi usebenzise izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo, ezilawulweni zobunjiniyela kuya ku-PPE, ukuthuthukaikhwalithi yomoya.
• Ukuqapha kanye nokuhlaziywa:-Njaloikhwalithi yomoyaUkuqapha nokunembileabathaki bemithi ISampula Nokuhlaziywaye-CTPVukuqoqanababalulekile ukuphathaukuchayekakanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilawuli ziyasebenza.
• Isiko lokuphepha elisebenzayo:Dlula ngaphandle kokuthobela nje. Ukhuthaze uqineukuphephaIsiko ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele, ukubhekwa kwezempilo, nokukhulumisana okuvulekile ukuvikela konkeumsebenzi.
• Ukusobala Abahlinzeki:Abahlinzeki abanokwethenjelwa kufanele banikeze imininingwane ecacile yomkhiqizo, amashidi wedatha yokuphepha (SDS), kanye namakhasimende okusekelayo ekuqondeniukuphepha nempiloizici zeinto.