Ukuqonda ama-Coal Tar Pitch Vaitlosulles Ukuvezwa embonini ye-aluminium: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles (CTPVs)kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi maqondanaUkuvezwa emsebenziniEzimbonini zithandaaluminiyamuukunqwabelana. Uma ubamba iqhaza ekuthengweni kwempahla, njengoMark Thompson wase-USA, noma ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwemikhakha esebenzisa imikhiqizo yamalahle yeTal, ukuqonda amandlainkathonokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani kubalulekile. Lo mbhalo uhlose ukukhulula ama-CTPV, axoxe ngemiphumela yawo, futhi ahlole ukuthi kufaneleka kanjani nokuphatha okuphezulu, njengezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme esikukhiqizayo efektri yethu, zingaba nomthelela ezindaweni eziphephile zomsebenzi. Sizokwenza lokhoUNioshFuthi ezinye izidumbu zithi, nokuthi kungani lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwakho kanye nenhlala-kahle yabasebenzi bakho. Ngezinto zokwakha noma ngubani laphoAma-CTPVkungaba ukukhathazeka, noma kulabo abafisa ukukuqonda lokhuintoKungcono, lo mhlahlandlela uzonikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile.

Yini ngempela eyi-Coal Tar Pitch Volotional (CTPVS)?

Ungahle uzibuze, yini leziAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS) Sizwa ngakho? Kalula nje,Ama-CTPVziyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yothuli, amakhaza, namagesi akhishwa lapho i-coal tar noma i-coal tar pitch ifudumele. LeliUkushisa kwe-coal talinqubo evamile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. I-COAL TAR ngokwayo inguketshezi olukhulu, olumnyama, umkhiqizo we-I-distillationamalahle ukukhiqizacockenoma igesi yamalahle. Lapho le tuli yamalahle iqhubeka futhi icutshungulwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukudala iphimbo, kwakhiwa ama-volatiles. Ukwakheka kweAma-CTPVingahluka, kepha zaziwa kahle ukuthi ziqukethe uhla lwepolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Pahs).

LeziUkubophayiqembu elingaphezulu kwe-100 elihlukileokuthakiweyoamakhompiyutha, eziningi zazo ezikhathazayoImpilo Yezemvelo. Okunye kokuthileUkubophakuvame ukutholakala ngaphakathiAma-CTPVfaka amagama ajwayelekile kulabo abase-imboni, njengeingwezi, uhlobo lwenthrac, futhiphenonnomthwere. Kubalulekile ukukuqonda lokhoI-COAL TAR iyasetshenziswaEmikhakheni eminingi, nokukhululwa kwalokhuamavolotiyingxenye yemvelo yezinqubo ezibandakanya ukwelashwa kwayo okushisayo. Njengefektri esebenza kuyoIfektri ephezulu ye-Coal Tar Pitch kanye nomhlinzeki, sazi kahle uhlobo lwalezi zinto zokwenziwa nokubaluleka kokuqonda izici zazo. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ngeAma-CTPVkuvela kusuka kumandla weUkuvezwa emsebenzininempilo ehlobeneinkatho.

Kungani ukuvezwa emsebenzini kuma-CTPVs ukukhathazeka okukhulu?

Isizathu EsiyinhlokoUkuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-CTPVkuyinto ekhathazayo enkulu ngenxa yaboi-carcinogenicizakhiwo. Eziningi zeUkubophaphakathiAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatileszihlukaniswa njengokwaziwayo noma umuntu osolwayoI-Carcinogens. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi eside noma esiphakemeukuchayekakungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile zeumdlavuza. I-International Agency yokucwaninga ngomdlavuza (IIRC), ingxenye yeWorld Health Organisation, ihlukanise amalahle amalahle njenge-carcinogenic kubantu (iqembu 1). Lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula, futhi igcizelela isidingo sokulawulwa okuqinile ezindaweni zokusebenza laphoUkuchayeka ku-Coal Tar Pitchkungenzeka.

Ngaphandle kwengozi yeumdlavuza, ukuchayekakwa-Ama-CTPVkungaholela ebangeni labanyeimiphumela yezempilo ephumelaKokubilii-acute futhi engapheliizimo. Lokhu kungafaka ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nokuhamba ngezithombe (okwenza isikhumba sizwele ukukhanya kwelanga), kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Abasebenzikuvezwe kumalahleImikhiqizo yeTart ingahle ibe nezimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela, i-Wheezing, noma i-bronchitis. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokuphathainkathoezihambisana neAma-CTPVakuyona nje imfuneko yokulawula kepha okubaluleke kakhulu kokuvikela isisebenziEzempilo Nokuphepha. Inhloso ihlala inciphisaukuchayekaezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izimboni, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium, ubungozi bokuvezwa kobuso be-CTPTV?

Izimboni eziningana zifaka izinqubo ezingaholelaUkuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles. Enye ebaluleke kakhulu yiyona ephambiliukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium. Phakathi kwa-Ukubhema i-Alumininum, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Söderberg noma ekukhiqizweni kwama-anonode asendaweni ebekiwe, i-coal tar pitch isetshenziswa njenge-binder yeikhabhonianodes. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ahilelekile kulezi zinqubo kuholela ekuguqukeni kweUkubopha. Lokhu kwenzaaluminiyamuEkhiqiza indawo ebalulekile yokugxila ekuphathweni kwe-CTPV.

Ezinye izimboni ezinamandlaUkuvezwa kwe-CTPVSIzingozi zifaka:

• I-COKE OvenUkusebenza: Abasebenzi atI-COKE Ovenizitshalo ziphakathi kwabantu abafundelwa kakhuluUkuvezwa kwe-CTPVSnemiphumela yayo yezempilo.
• Izitshalo zamalahle amalahle: lapho kucutshungulwa khona i-coal tar ibe pitch,ithiso, neminye imikhiqizo.
• Ukuphahla: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisekelwa amalahle amalahle wefulethiuphahlaUkuvimbela amanzi kungakhiphaAma-CTPV, ikakhulukazi lapho kufudunyezwa.
• Ukugoqa: Abanye abakhethekileitiyelaIzicelo, yize zivame kakhulu manje, zingafaka i-tal tal.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi ye-Graphite: I-Pitch isetshenziswa njenge-tinder lapha.
• Amathole: I-Coal Tar Pitch kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ezintweni zokuzenzakalelayo noma ekuhlanzeni isikhunta.

Kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​njengomhlinzeki wemikhiqizo efanaAsphalt lokushisa eliphakeme, Ngibonile ukuthi okuhlukahlukene kangakanani ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kungaba khona, futhi kuqinisa isidingo sokuqwashisa kuyo yonke imikhakha eminingi.

Ukuvezwa kwe-CTPV kuvame ukwenzeka kanjani embonini ye-aluminium?

Kuukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiumInqubo, ikakhulukazi kuma-smelters, i-Coal Tar Pitch iyingxenye ebucayi. Isebenza njenge-tinder for petroleumcockeukwakha ama-anode ama-carbon, adliwa ngesikhathi sokuncishiswa kwe-electrolytic kwe-alumina kuyealuminiyamu. Okuphambiliumgwaqoiwa-ukuchayekakwa-Ama-CTPVOkwezisebenzi kulokhuimboniIngabe ukuphefumula kwe-fumes, uthuli, kanye nama-vaod akhiqizwa lapho ama-anode ephekwe noma ngesikhathi senqubo yokunqwabanisa uqobo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela ukubola, ukukhulula ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yeUkubophanezinye izinto ezi-organic eziguqukayo emoyeni wokwenza indawo.

Cabanga ngemvelo egumbini lokuvota leUkubhema i-Alumininumindawo. Kuyashisa, futhi kukhona ukusabela okuqhubekayo kwe-electrochemical. Yilapho amandla aphezulu kakhuluUkuvezwa kwe-CTPVSkuvame ukuqamba amanga. Imisebenzi efana nokulungiselelwa kwe-anode, ukushaya insimbi ebilisiwe, kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa ezungeze amabhodwe angafaka isandla kuyoumoya womoya ukuchayeka. Ngenkathi ukuxhumana kwesikhumba ngezindawo ezingcolile ze-pitchs kungokwenzekaumgwaqoiwa-ukuchayeka, inhalation yeAma-CTPVngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhuluinkathoUkufaka isandla kuhleloimiphumela yezempilo ephumelakusuka kulezi zinhlaka.

Yimiphi imikhawulo yokuvezwa okusunguliwe kwama-coal tar pitch avolumula?

Ukuvikela abasebenzi, imizimba yokulawula nezinhlangano zezempilo sezimisiweImikhawulo yokuvezwaingomaneAma-CTPV. KuU.S., theI-National Institutengokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (UNiosh) kanye nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (Osha) bangabadlali abasemqoka.UNioshincoma umkhawulo wokuvezwa (i-rel) yeAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(kulinganiswa njengeingxenyenamba ye-benzele-solubleyento ephelele yokufaka phakathi) ye0.1MG / M³ njenge-avareji yesisindo esinesisindo esinezikhathi eziyi-10, wasebenza amahora angama-40.UNiosh ubheka amalahle amalahlepitch ukuze ube yikhonoI-carcinogen esebenza emsebenzini.

Oshainomkhawulo wokuvezwa okuvumelekile (Pel) yeAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(Benzene-soluble) ka-0.2 mg / m³. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le mikhawulo yenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi, kepha ifilosofi, ikakhulukazii-carcinogenicizinto, imvamisa ukugcinaukuchayekakuphansi njengokucatshangelwa okubonakalayo (i-ALARA). Ngokwengeziwe,UNioshisungule ingozi ebabazekayo empilweni noma yezempilo (Idlh) inani leAma-CTPVku-80 mg / m³. LeliIdlhIvelu imelela okuhlaselwa yisisebenzi esikwazi ukubalekela ngaphandle kokuthola imiphumela yezempilo noma ukulimazeka okungavimba ukuphunyuka emcimbini wehluleka ukuphefumula. UkuphathaukuchayekaNgokuphumelelayo kudinga ukuhlala kahle ngaphansi kwalemikhawulo esunguliwe.

Ngabe ukuvezwa kwe-CTPV kulinganiswa kanjani futhi kuhlolwe emsebenzini?

Ukulinganisa nokwenza iukukalaiwa-Ukuvezwa kwe-CTPVSEmsebenzini kuyisinyathelo esibucayi ekuvikeleni impilo yabasebenzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuhilela isampula yomoya ukuthola ukugxila kweumoya womoya Ama-CTPV. Indlela evame kakhulu ilinganisaingxenyenamba ye-benzele-solubleyento ephelele yokubabaza eqoqwe isihlungi. Le ngxenye ibhekwa njengokukhombisa kweUkubophaokuqukethwe. Kusetshenziselwa imishini yokuhlanzeka yezimboni ekhethekile ukudweba ivolumu eyaziwayo yomoya ngokusebenzisa okuphakathi kwesampula (njengesihlungi se-fiber glass) esikhathini esibekiwe, kuvame ukushintshwa komsebenziukuchayekaizinga.

Phambiliukukwazi ukuhlolwakungafaka okuningiliziwe okuningiliziweokuthakiweyoUkuhlaziywa ukukhomba kanye nokukhetha okuthileUkubophathandaingwezi, Benze [a] Pyrere, nomauhlobo lwenthrac. Lokhu kunganikeza isithombe esiphelele se-ukuchayekaiphrofayili. Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokuqapha zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu njengokuthiI-COKE Ovenamabhethri nomaUkubhema i-Alumininumama-potrooms. Imininingwane eqoqwe kulokhuukukalaIsiza ku:

• Ukunquma umaImikhawulo yokuvezwabayadlula.
• Ukuhlonza ukuphakama-ukuchayekaimisebenzi noma izindawo.
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezindlela zokulawula.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nakhoOshaImithetho.
• Ukunikeza OkubalulekileIdatha yobuthingezifundo ze-epidemiological.

Yimiphi imiphumela esemqoka yezempilo ebangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-CTPV?

Le khasiimiphumela yezempilo ephumelaukusukaUkuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatilesukukhathazeka okukhulu, ngokuyinhloko kubangelwai-carcinogenicuhlobo lwabaningi lwabakhona. Isikhati esideukuchayekaixhumeke engcupheni eyandayo yemidlavuza ehlukahlukene.Umdlavuza wamaphaphukuyingozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi yabasebenzi ezindaweni eziphakemeumoya womoyaukugxila kweAma-CTPV, njengomlandoI-COKE OvenIzilungiselelo. Isikhumbaumdlavuzakungenye into ekhathazayo enkulu, imvamisa ibangelwa ukuxhumana kwesikhumba okuqondile ngemikhiqizo yamalahle amalahle noma ama-volutiles ahlanganisiwe, akhuliswa yi-photonsitization. Kukhona futhi ubufakazi obukhombisa izixhumanisiUmdlavuza weBladderkanye nomdlavuza wegopha yokugayauhlelo, futhi kungenzekaumdlavuza wezinso.

Phambiliumdlavuza, bangui-acute futhi engapheliimiphumela yezempilo engeyona imali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izingqinamba ze-Dermatological:Ukucasuka kwesikhumba, i-dermatitis, kanye ne-Phototoxicity (ukusabela okunzima kwelanga okufana nelangaukuchayekaNgemuva kokuxhumana neAma-CTPV).
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula:Ukucasuka kwepheshana lokuphefumula, i-bronchitis, futhi kungenzeka kwehlisweiphaphusebenza.
• Ukucasulwa kwamehlo:Ukushisa, ubomvu, nokungaphatheki kahle.
  Le khasiUhlelo lukaNational Toxicology'Bika nge-carcinogensUhlu ama-coal tal kanye nama-pitches amalahle anamalahle njengomuntu owaziwayoI-Carcinogens. Leliukukhonjwakusekelwe kukhulu-sholiologicalizifundo kanyeubunzisiucwaningo, kufaka phakathiIsifundo sokufaokutholakele ekuvezeni kwabantu abasebenza. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuvimbela ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokuncishiswa.

Yiziphi izindima uNiosh no-OSHA badlale ekulawulweni kwangaphambilini kwe-CTPV?

Le khasiI-National Institutengokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (UNiosh) kanye nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo (Osha) Dlala ubalulekile, yize uhlukile, izindima ekubhekaneni neinkathoiwa-Ukuvezwa kwe-CTPVSkuU.S. UNiosh, ingxenye yezikhungo zokulawulwa kwezifo kanye nokuvimbela, ngokuyinhloko ucwaningoisikhungo. Iqhuba ucwaningo lwesayensi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzela, kufaka phakathiokuthakiweyoUkudalulwa okufanaAma-CTPV. Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo,UNioshKuthuthukisa izincomo zokuvimbela ukulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi kanye nokugula, kufaka phakathi umkhawulo wokuvezwa okunconyiwe (izinsiza) kanye nemihlahlandlela yokulawulaukuchayeka. "Inqubo yabo yokubanda okutusiwe: Ukuchayeka emsebenzini emikhiqizweni yamalahle amalahle" kungumbhalo obalulekile kule ndawo.

Osha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyisikhungo sokulawula ngaphansi koMnyango Wezabasebenzi. Umsebenzi wayo ukuqinisekisa izimo eziphephile nezinempilo ngokusetha kanye nokuphoqelela amazinga nangokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa, ukufinyelela, imfundo kanye nosizo.OshaImisa imikhawulo evunyelwe ngokusemthethweni yokuvezwa (ama-PEL) ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathiAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles. Lezi ziyingxenye yababanziIzinga lokungcola komoya embonini jikelele(29 CFR 1910.1000). LaphoUNioshincoma,Osha-ithinibeka umthetho wenqubonokuphoqelela. Le khasiIsikhungo Sokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo(EPA) futhi idlala indima ngokulawulaukuphumaiwa-Ukubophanga-Ukungcola komoyaendaweni ejwayelekile, engathonya ngokungaqondile imikhuba emsebenzini futhi inciphise okupheleleukungcolisa.

Singanciphisa kanjani ngempumelelo ingozi yokuvezwa kwe-CTPV kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzi?

Ukunciphisainkathoiwa-Ukuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch VolulatilesDinga indlela enezinhlangothi eziningi, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi isikhundla sokulawulwa. Amasu aphumelela kakhulu agxile ekuqedeni noma ekunciphiseniinkathoemthonjeni wayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izilawuli Zobunjiniyela:Lokhu kwenzelwe ukususa noma ukunciphisa ukungcola emoyeni. Izibonelo zifaka:
  • Izinhlelo ze-Local Afkist Ventilation (Lev) ezindaweni zeukuphuma, njengokudlulaI-COKE Ovenamabhethri noma amabhodwe okubhema ama-aluminium.
  • Izinqubo zokubekezela zezinqubo zokuvimbelaAma-CTPVekuphunyukeni emvelweni womsebenzi.
  • Ukuguqulwa kwenqubo, mhlawumbe kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha ezikhiqiza ama-volutil ambalwa uma kungenzeka.
• Izilawuli Zokuphatha:Lokhu kubandakanya ushintsho ekusebenzeni noma izinqubo zomsebenzi. Izibonelo zifaka:
  • Ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi eliveziwe noma ubude beukuchayeka.
  • Ukuqalisa izinqubo ezithile zomsebenzi eziphephile zemisebenzi ephakemeukuchayekaamandla.
  • Ukusungula izindawo ezivinjelwe.
• Imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE):Lokhu kubhekwa njengomugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela lapho ezinye izilawuli zingenakunciphisa ngokwaneleukuchayeka. IngomaneAma-CTPV, I-PPE ingafaka:
  • Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula (i-E.G.
  • Izingubo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kwesikhumba (amagilavu, ama-covalls).
  • Iso nokwakheka kobuso.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nemfundo mayelana nezingozi zeAma-CTPVNemikhuba yokusebenza ephephile nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Njengomhlinzeki, sivame ukuxoxa ngezinqubo zokuphatha imikhiqizo efana neyethuAmalahle Amalahle AmaphikoUkusiza amaklayenti aqinise lezi zindlela zokuphepha ekugcineni kwazo. -NjaloEzempilo NokuphephaUkucwaningwa kwamabhuku kanyeukukwazi ukuhlolwaIzindlela zokulawula ziqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zisebenza.

Ukuzibophezela kwethu eZGfty: Ikhwalithi ebeka phambili ikhwalithi yokunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwe-CTPV

Njengoba u-Allen, emele ifektri yami ngemigqa yayo eyisikhombisa yokukhiqiza eChina, ngifuna ukuqinisekisa amaklayenti njengoMark Thompson e-USA kanye nabalingani bethu kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Australia lapho sithatha izinkathazo ezizungezileAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatilesngokungathi sína. Imodeli yethu yebhizinisi yakhelwe ekuhlinzekweniImikhiqizo ephezulu ye-Coal taal taal kanye ne-petroleum coke. Siyaqonda ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ingathonya izici zeukuphumangesikhathi sokusebenzisa kwabo ukuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphakathiUkubhema i-Alumininumnoma lapho kusetshenziselwagandayaImigwaqo enobungcwetiitiyela.

Sikholwa ukuthi ngokugxila ekuphatheni kwekhwalithi eqinile yemikhiqizo efana neyethuUkushisa okuphakathi kwe-asphalt blocknoma amamaki ahlukahlukene kaphethilolicocke, Sifaka isandla ezinqubweni zokubikezelwa nezilawuleke kakhulu kumakhasimende ethu. Ngenkathi isizukulwane seAma-CTPVkuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuguqukayo, kwekhwalithi ephezuluintoUngaphatha ukubikezela ngokwengeziwe, ukusiza ekuzuzeni nasekusebenzeni kwezindlela zokulawula. Sibeka phambili ukuxhumana okusobala futhi siqinisekisa imikhiqizo yethu ihlangabezana namazinga aphesheya, asekelwa izitifiketi ezidingekayo. Lokhu kubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla mayelana nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nemibhalo ethembekile, kusiza ukugwema izingqinamba njengokukhwabanisa kwesitifiketi kungaba yindawo ebabazekayo. Inhloso yethu ukuba ngumlingani ekuthuthukiseni iphephe-sesebenziniizindawo.

Ukuzulazula Ikusasa: Izinto ezintsha kanye Nemikhuba Engcono Kahle Yokulawula Ukuchazwa Kwe-CTPV

Indawo yokuphathaUkuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-CTPViyavela njalo. Kukhona ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngezikhungo nangaphakathi kweimboniukuthola izindlela zokuqhubeka nokunciphisa isisebenziukuchayekafuthi uthuthukise ukuphepha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo yePitch, njengokuthuthukaAsphalt eguquliwenezinye izinto ezikhethekile zamalahle amalahle angahle abe nokuqukethwe okuphansi okuguquguqukayo noma okuguquliweUkubophaAmaphrofayli, aholela ekunciphiseniUkuphuma kwe-CTPVS. Izinto ezintsha ezilawulweni zobunjiniyela, njengezinhlelo zokufaka umoya omncane noma ukwakhiwa okungcono kwezinqubo ezifanayoI-COKE OvenUkusebenza nomaukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium, futhi ukhiye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha inganikeza ngokunemba futhi real-timeukukalaiwa-ukuchayekaamazinga, avumela ukungenelela okusheshayo. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu egcizelela indlela ephelele yokutholaEzempilo NokuphephaIzinhlelo Zokuphatha, Ukuhlanganisa Ukulawulwa kwe-CTPV kubanziImpilo Yezemvelonezinhlelo zokuphepha. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezimboni (njenge-aluminium, insimbi, futhiikhabhoniabakhiqizi bomkhiqizo), imizimba yokulawula efanaOshakanyeIsikhungo Sokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo, nezinhlangano ezicwaningayo zithandaUNioshubalulekile. Ukwabelana ngolwazi,Idatha yobuthi, futhi amasu okulawula aphumelelayo azoba nzima ukuvikela amanje nekusasainani elijwayelekileyabasebenzi abavela ezingozini ezihambisanaAma-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles. Njengomkhiqizi, sizibophezele ekuhlale saziswa ngale ntuthuko futhi sivumelanise nemikhuba yethu ukusekela ukusetshenziswa okuphephe kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yethu.

Ukubekezela okusemqoka ukukhumbula:

• Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles (CTPVs)yizingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuyinhloko equketheI-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS), ekhishwe lapho i-coal tar noma iphimbo lifudumele.
• Ukuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-CTPVkuyimpilo ebalulekileinkatho, ngezixhumanisi zeumdlavuza(ikakhulukaziiphaphu, isikhumba,isinye) nezinye izimo zokuphefumula nezikhumba.
• Izimboni zithandaukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium, I-COKE OvenUkusebenza, kanye nophahla lubhekana nobungozi obukhulu beUkuvezwa kwe-CTPVS.
• UNioshna-OshaNikeza imihlahlandlela nemigomo (izinsiza kanye nama-PELS, ngokuningi kususelwa ku-ingxenyenamba ye-benzele-soluble) ukukhawulelaukuchayeka. IdlhAmanani akhombisa amazinga wengozi amakhulu.
• Ukuncishiswa kubandakanya izilawuli zobunjiniyela, izilawuli zokuphatha, kanye nemishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE).
• Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yamalahle yamalahle ingathonyaUkuphuma kwe-CTPVS; Abahlinzeki abadumile bagxila ekuguqukeni nasekubambeni emazingeni.
• Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusebenzisana luyikhiye wokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kweUkuvezwa kwe-CTPVSkanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kuimboni.
• Ukuqonda nokuphatha izingozi ezihambisana nazoAma-CTPVkubalulekile kubo bobabili ukuhambisana nokulawulwa kokulawulwa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuvikela impilo yabasebenzi kulokhu okungenzekaInto ye-carcinogenic.