Ukuqonda i-Coal Tar Pitch: umhlahlandlela ophelele walesi simo samakhemikhali ahlukahlukene

I-Coal Tar Pitch, i-UbiquiTous Nobuquitoum Kepha ezivame ukungaqondakali, iyitshe lemboni yemboni yanamuhla. Le nto emnyama, ebonakalayo, ukuprouct of Coal acuct, idlala indima ebalulekile kukho konke kusuka ekukhiqizweni kwe-aluminium nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephezulu yekhabhoni. Uma ubamba iqhaza ekuthengweni kwezimboni ezinjenge-aluminium, insimbi, noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-elektrode ye-graphite, ukuqonda ama-nuances weI-Coal Tar Pitch- Izakhiwo zayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukudonsa, nokuphatha - kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le ndatshana ishona ngokujulile emhlabeni weI-Coal Tar Pitch, ukuhlola uhambo lwayo kusuka kokuqukethwe okungavuthiwe kuya ekuthini okubalulekile-kwezimboniIngxenye, echaza ukuthi kungani ukhetha ilungeloumthumeliizindaba, kanye nokubhekana nokucatshangelwa okubalulekile njengekhwalithi nokuphepha. Njengomenzi onolwazi olunzulu (igama lami lingu-Allen, futhi ifektri yethu eChina isebenza ngemigqa engu-7 yokukhiqiza ethengisa emhlabeni jikelele)iphimboimikhiqizo.

1. Kuyini ngempela iphikisana ne-coal tar pitch? Ukubukeka kwesisekelo

I-Coal Tar Pitchempeleni empeleniokuhlangeneushiywe ngemuva kweI-distillationka-coal tal. I-COAL TAR ngokwayo inguketshezi oluwugqinsi, olumnyama olutholwe njengengomkhiqizoLapho amalahle efudumala ngokuqinile lapho kungekho khona umoya, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-carbonization, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathikhiqizaiwa-cockengensimbiimboni. Cabanga ngakho kanjena: I-Coal Tar iqukethe ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yeguguokuthakiweyoamakhompiyutha. Lapho sishisa ngokucophelela futhi sihlukanisa lezi zingxenye (njengeI-Naphthalene, ipheshelweshi, futhiuhlobo lwenthracAmafutha), izinto ezisindayo, eziminyene ezisele ekugcineni kukhonaI-Coal Tar Pitch.

Lokhu kuholeleiphimboi-semi-solid to aqine emnyamaintoEkushiseni kwekamelo, baba mnene,-yicebouketshezi lapho kufudunyezwa. Isimo saso somzimba sincike kakhulu ekushiseni nasekucacisweni okuthilekhuphukayeiphimbo. Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwa ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yama-polycyclic aphungekile hydrocarbons (PAHs), kanye namanani amancane e-heterocyclic compound kanye nama-phenols. Ngqoukwakhekaingahluka ngokuya nge-coal coal kanye nenqubo ye-distillation esetshenzisiwe, yingakho ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungaguquki kusuka kuumthumelikubalulekile. Lokhu okuqukethwe, okuvame ukubhekiswa njeiphimbo, yakha umgogodla wabaningi obucayi-kwezimboniizinqubo.

Ukuqonda le ncazelo eyisisekelo isinyathelo sokuqala.Iphimboakuyona nje i-byproduct elula; Kuyinto ecwengekile ngokucophelela ngezakhiwo ezithile ezenziwe ngezicelo ezifunwayo. IkonaKukhiqizwe kusuka kumalahleIyacubungula futhi iyinto ebonakalayo eluhlaza, hhayi imfucuza. Imvelo yayo eyingqayizivele ne-carbon-rich yenze ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu.

2. Ikhiqizwa kanjani iphimbo lekhwalithi ephezulu? Uhambo lwe-Distillation

Uhambo olusuka ku-RAW COAL TAR to High-Ikhwalithi EphakemeI-Coal Tar Pitchkubandakanya inqubo yokucophelela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-distillation engcuphene. Le nqubo ihlukanisa ngokucophelela izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zocingo lwamalahle aluhlaza ngokuya ngamaphoyinti abo ahlukahlukene abilayo. Ekuqaleni, i-Crude Coal Tar ifudunyezwa kumaShibi amakhulu. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amafutha akhanyayo afana namafutha akhanyayo, uwoyela we-carbolic (oquketheipheshelweshi),I-NaphthaleneAmafutha, kanye nokugeza uwoyela u-vaporize futhi aqoqwe kumabanga okushisa ahlukene.

Okusele ngemuva kokuthi lezi zingxenyana ezilula zisusiwe yileziiphimbo. Ubukhulu beI-distillationinquma izakhiwo zokugcinaiphimbo, ikakhulukazi yayoIphuzu lokuthambisa- Izinga lokushisa lapho liqala ukukhubazeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuhlola. Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa lokugcina kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa ku-distillation, abakhiqizi abanjengathi bangakhiqiza amamaki ahlukene weI-Coal Tar PitchIqondiswe kwizidingo ezithile zezimboni, ezisukela emabangeni athambile ngamaphoyinti aphansi athambile kumabanga anzima kakhuluUkushisa okuphezuluUkumelana.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngalesi sikhathikhiqizaInqubo ibalulekile. -Ngashintshiukufudumeza, Ukulawulwa kokushisa okuqondile, nokuhlukaniswa ngokucophelela kwezingxenyana kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise umphumelaI-Coal Tar Pitchihlangabezana nemininingwane edingekayo yezakhiwo ezinjengaleIphuzu lokuthambisa, inani lokukhangisa, ama-quinoline insolubles (qi), Toluune insLopples (TI), futhiumlothaokuqukethwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisaiphimboyenza ngokuthembekile njengeisibophonoma ukuwohloka kuhlelo lokusebenza lwayo lokugcina. Yonke inqubo idinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bezobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini eqinile yokukhiqiza ngokungaguquguqukiiphimboumkhiqizo.

3. Yini eyenza i-Coal Tar Pitch ibaluleke kangaka embonini? Ukukhipha Izakhiwo Ezibalulekile

Inani leI-Coal Tar Pitchiziqu ezivela kwinhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yomzimba futhiokuthakiweyoizakhiwo. Okokuqala, amandla ayo amahle okubopha abalulekile. Lapho kufuthelwa,iphimboithambisa futhi igeleze, ifakwe ngempumelelo kanye nokuhlanganisa ezinye izinto ezifanaUPetroleum Cokenoma i-anthracite. Phezu kokupholisa noma okunyeukufudumeza(carbonization), kwakha okuqinile, okuminyeneikhabhoniUMatrix, ubopha lezi zinqwaba ndawonye. Lokhu kwenza kube ngokwehlukileisibophokukhiqizaiwa-ikhabhoniAnodes,ama-electrodes we-graphite, futhiukuhlaselaizinto zokwakha.

Okwesibili,I-Coal Tar Pitchine-highikhabhoniokuqukethwe nenani eliphakeme lokukhwehlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kufuthelwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu lapho kungekho komoya, kuveza inani elibonakalayo eliqinileikhabhoni (pitch coke), ukufaka isandla esakhiweni nasekuvuseleni umkhiqizo wokugcina, njengeama-electrodes we-graphiteisetshenziswe e-arc kagesihambisa. Ukwakheka kwaso okuphuzayo nakho kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwei-graphitengesikhathi sokutshala izinga lokushisa (i-graphialization).

Ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile zifaka imvelo yayo ye-thermoplastic (ukuthambisaukufudumeza, ukuqina ekupholiseni), kuphansiumlothaokuqukethwe (ukungcola), ukusebenza kahle kukagesi ngendlela yayo ye-carbonised, kanye nokumelana namanzi namakhemikhali, okwenza kube lula ukuvikelaumgwengweziIzicelo. Okuqondilekhuphukaiwa-iphimbouzokubeka ezakhiweni ezinjeIphuzu lokuthambisa, ukuhlakanipha, kanye nenani lokukhangisa, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe okufanele kakhuluUhlobo lwe-pitchngenqubo yabo. Lezi zici ezenzeka ngokwemvelo ziyakhaI-Coal Tar Pitchimpahla ebalulekile eluhlaza kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene esindayo.

4. Yiziphi izimboni ezithembela kakhulu ku-Coal Tar Pitch? Izicelo ezinkulu ezihloliwe

I-Coal Tar PitchIngabe impahla ye-Workorse, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizimboni ezinkulu eziningi. Izicelo zayo zihlukahlukene, zifaka izici zayo ezihlukile njengeisibopho, ukuwohloka, kanye nomthombo weikhabhoni. Nazi ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile laphoKusetshenziswa iphimbo:

• Imboni ye-Aluminium:Lokhu kungumthengi omkhulu kunabo bonkeI-Coal Tar Pitch. Kusebenza njengenhlokoisibophoingomaneUPetroleum Cokefuthi usebenzise kabusha ama-anode agode kukhiqizaama-anode ama-carbon asetshenziswe kwinqubo yehholo-héroult yeUkubhema i-Alumininum. Izinga leiphimbokuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-anode futhialuminiyamuukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa.
• Imboni yensimbi: I-Coal Tar Pitchisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kweukuhlaselaIzitini ne-monolithic refractiories yokulwa nokushisa okuphezuluhambisa, kufaka phakathi izimfanelo zokuqhuma kanye ne-arc kagesihambisa. Amandla ayo okwenza okuqinileikhabhoniI-Bond emazingeni okushisa aphezulu inikezela ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ku-slag nokungena kwensimbi. Iphinde isetshenziswe kuma-taphole Crays.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi ye-Graphite:Ikhwalithi ephezuluI-Coal Tar Pitch (I-Electrode Brade Pitch) kubalulekile ukukhiqizaama-electrodes we-graphite, ezisetshenziswa e-arc kagesihambisa(EAFS) E-STEETMASISIAKS nokunyemetlurgicalizinqubo. Isebenza njengezibiliisibophoOkwecockeizinhlayiya nanjenge-ejenti yokubalwa kokukhulisa ubuntu namandla abhakweI-electrode. Isidingo seama-electrodes we-graphiteothonya ngqoiphimboukusetshenziswa.
• I-Coatings kanye nama-sealants:Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinamanzi ezinhle kakhulu nezinamathelayo,iphimboisetshenziswa ngokuvikelaukumbozaAmapayipi, amathangi, kanye nezakhiwo zasolwandle. Futhi kuyingxenye yophahla oluzwayo futhi ubeka ama-sealants agaxekile, okunikeza ukuqina kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.Amalahle Amalahle Amaphikozivame ukuhlinzekwa ngalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Eminye imikhiqizo yekhabhoni: Iphimboisebenza njenge-presersor ngokukhethekileikhabhoniimikhiqizo efanaI-Carbon fiber, kusebenze ikhabhoni ecushiwe (yize kuvamile manje), kanye nezinhlanganisela zekhabhoni. Iphinde isetshenziswe kuomuvaimboni njengengxenye yokuhlanza okuyisisekelo nokubumbaukumboza.

Izici zokusebenzisana kanye nokusebenza kweI-Coal Tar PitchKwenze kube bucayi-kwezimboniimpahla enezicelo ezahlukahlukene.

I-5. Kungani iphimbo liphindwe kabili

Esikhathini sokuqalaaluminiyamuimboni, ukukhiqizwa kobumsulwa obukhulualuminiyamukuncike ku-electrolysis ka-alumina (aluminium oxide) encibilikisiwe embumbululo. Le nqubo idinga okukhuluikhabhonianodes, ezidliwayo ngesikhathi sokusabela.I-Coal Tar Pitchkukhethwe umhlaba wonkeisibophoUkuze ukhiqize la ma-anode, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: izakhiwo ezibophayo kanye nokuphakama kwaloikhabhoniVeza.

Le khasiiphimbokumele umangele ngempumeleloUPetroleum CokeI-Aggregate, gcwalisa ama-voids phakathi kwezinhlayiya, futhi unikeze amandla anele "Green" engxube ngaphambi kokubhaka. Lapho kuluhlazaingoma(ingxube ye-coke futhiiphimbo) kubhakwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (cishe ngo-1100-1200 ° C),I-Coal Tar Pitchiyaqhubekaukuklabhinizwe. Kubola futhi kuguqulwe kube kuqinile, ngogesiikhabhonimatrix (pitch coke) lokho kubophacockeizinhlayiya ndawonye. Leli value eliphakeme lokukhangisa liqinisekisa i-anode ebhakwe ine-anode edingekayoincekusana, Amandla, kanye nokumelana kukagesi okuphansi okudingekayo kwinqubo yokunciphisa ukunqwabelana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqondileUkwakheka kwamakhemikhaliiwa-I-Coal Tar Pitch, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo sayo esinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, sinomthelela ekumelaneni kwe-anode ku-oxidation nokusabela ngomoya kanye ne-CO2 emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza kwamaseli okushaya ama-smelle. Ngenkathi ezinye izibopho ezihlukile zihloliwe, akekho ohambelana nokusebenza kwezindleko nokusebenza okuphelele kweI-Coal Tar PitchNgokwesilinganiso esikhulualuminiyamuukukhiqiza. Ikhwalithi engaguquki yeI-Pitch Binderkubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-anode, kuthonya ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kweUkubhema i-Alumininumukusebenza.

I-6

I-Coal Tar Pitchidlala ebalulekile, yize ehlukile, iqhaza embonini yensimbi ngokuqhathaniswaaluminiyamu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko lapha uhlobana nokusebenza okushisa okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathiukuhlaselaIzinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa umugqa nezinto ezibandakanyeke entekeni kanye nokunyeinqwabaizinqubo. Uma kuxutshwe nezinhlanganisela zokubumba njenge-magnesia noma i-alumina-graphite,iphimboisebenza njengesikhashanaisibophoNgesikhathi sekwakha nomthombo wensalelaikhabhoningemuva kokudubula.

Ngesikhathiukufudumezanoma inqubo yokwelapha yalezi zinsongo,I-Coal Tar Pitchama-carbonizeStu. UmphumelaikhabhoniInethiwekhi ithuthukisa izakhiwo eziningana ezibucayi zomayini wokuphikisa. Kunciphisa ukukhungatheka nge-molten slag nensimbi, kuvimbela ukungena nokunweba impilo yokulwa. Kuphinde kwandisa ukumelana nokushaqeka kwe-thermal futhi kunikeza ubuqotho besakhiwo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu atholakala ezindlini zokuqhuma, okuyisisekelo komoya-mpilo, kanye ne-arc kagesihambisa(EAFS). Ukufaka izitini ezivuthayoiphimboISfuthiukugcwalisaububanzifuthi uphinde uthuthukise ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali.

Ngaphesheya kwe-refccorties,iphimbokwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa kuzinkambo ze-taphole, ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa i-taphole yokuqhumaimbuthuma. Le khasiiphimboInika i-plastity futhi isiza ukwakha uphawu oluminyene, olunamandla olungamelana nezimo ezinzima. Ukukhetha kokufaneleIbanga le-Pitchkubalulekile, ukulinganisa isidingo sokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nesidingo sensalela ephezuluikhabhonikanye nokusebenza kwamazinga okushisa okusebenza.

7. Iyini indima ye-Pitch ekukhiqizeni ama-electrodes we-graphite?

Ama-electrodes we-graphitekuyinto ebalulekile ebalulekile e-arc kagesihambisa(EAFS), esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuphindaphindeka kwensimbi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi okukhethekile. Lezi zinduku ezinkulu ze-cylindrical ziqhuba amanani amakhulu-gesiOkwamanje ukuncibilikisa insimbi.I-Coal Tar Pitchizinto ezibucayi ezibucayi ezazokhiqiza, kusebenza izinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko: njengeisibophofuthi njengento ebekiwe.

Esigabeni sokuqala, inaliticocke(uhlobo olukhethekile lwekhwalithi ephezuluUPetroleum Coke) ixubene neI-Electrode Grade Coal Tar Pitch, okusebenza njenge-isibopho. Le ngxube ikhishwe noma yabunjwe kwisifisoI-electrodeukwakheka (okuluhlazaI-electrode). OkuluhlazaI-electrodeisibhakwe emazingeni okushisa acishe abe ngu-800-1000 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokubhaka, TheI-Pitch BinderI-Carbonis, yakha okuqinileikhabhonimatrix ephethe inaliticockeizinhlayiya ndawonye, ​​ukudala okubhakiweI-Carbon Electrode.

Kodwa-ke, kubhakweikhabhoninamanje enezinto eziseleububanzi. Ukufeza okuphezuluincekusana, amandla, kanye nokusebenza kukagesi okudingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-EAF, okubhakweI-electrodeithola imijikelezo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ekufakweni usebenzisa i-viscosity ephansiI-Coal Tar Pitch. Le khasiiphimboungene kuma-pores, kanyeI-electrodekuvuselwa kabusha ku-carbonizeiphimbo. Le nqubo inyuka kakhulu ubukhulu futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele. Ekugcineni, i-electrode icacile kakhuluamazinga okushisa aphezulu(2500-3000 ° C), ukuguqula abe-Amorphousikhabhonikusuka ku-coke kanye neiphimboku-oda kakhului-graphiteisakhiwo. Ikhwalithi ye-binderiphimbokanye nokufakwayoiphimbokubaluleke kakhulu ngokukhiqiza ukusebenza okuphezuluama-electrodes we-graphite. Kusetshenziswa okulungileasphalt lokushisa eliphakeme(pitch) ukhiye.

8. Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene namamaki we-coal tal pitch etholakalayo?

Yebo,I-Coal Tar Pitchakuwona usayizi owodwa ofanele - wonke umkhiqizo. Kukhiqizwa emabangeni ahlukahlukene, kuhlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko yiboIphuzu lokuthambisa, okubonisa izinga lokufakwa ku-distillation kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo okuphumayo. Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kufaka:

• I-Pitch ethambile / Ukushisa okuphansi okuphansi:Lawa mabanga anamaphoyinti aphansi athambile (ngokujwayelekile ngaphansi kwama-80 ° C). Bangamanzi amaningi emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi bangasetjenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezinhlobo ezithile zama-sealants noma lapho kudingeka khona ulwandle oluphezulu.
• Ukushisa okuphakathi nendawo:Lesi sigaba esisetshenziswa kabanzi, imvamisa ngamaphoyinti athambisa asukela ku-80 ° C kuye ku-115 ° C (Mettler). LelikhuphukaIshaya ibhalansi phakathi kwezinto ezibophayo nokusebenza.Ukushisa okuphakathi kwe-asphalt blockkuyindlela ejwayelekile kulolu hlobo, esetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-isibophophakathi kwa-ikhabhoniukukhiqizwa kwe-anode kweimboni ye-aluminium.
• I-Hard Pitch / Pitch ephezulu yokushisa:Lawa mabanga anamaphoyinti aphezulu athambisa (imvamisa ngenhla kwe-115 ° C, kwesinye isikhathi kudlula i-150 ° C). Bakhiqiza phezulucockeisivuno futhi asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifuna amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okushisayo, okunjaloukuhlaselaIzicelo, ezikhethekilei-graphiteimikhiqizo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi njengoba kufakwaiphimboingomaneama-electrodes we-graphite.
• I-Modified Coal Tar Pitch:Kwesinye isikhathi,I-Coal Tar Pitchiguqulwa ngezinqubo ezinjenge-air blowing, ukwelashwa okushisayo, noma ukuxuba nezinye izinto (i-petroleumUkususelwa, ama-polymers) ukufeza izakhiwo ezithile.Asphalt eguquliwenoma i-pitch inganikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukile, ukuthuthuka okuthuthukile kokushisa, noma ukuguqulwa kwe-rheloological ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile njengokusebenza okuphezuluukumbozanoma izinto ezidayisa izinto. Izibonelo zifakaasphalt eguquliweyakhelwe umsebenzi othile noma ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.

Ukukhethwa kweIbanga le-PitchKuya ngokuphelele kuhlelo lokusebenza okuhlosiwe kanye nezimpawu zokusebenza ezidingekayo. Njenge-umthumeli, sisebenzisana kakhulu namakhasimende njengoMark Thompson ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola okunembilekhuphukana-Uhlobo lwe-pitchedingekayo ngezinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza, kungabaI-Aluminium ne-graphiteimikhiqizo noma okunye ukusetshenziswa. Ukuvumelana ngaphakathi kokukodwakhuphukaukhiye wemiphumela yokukhiqiza ethembekile.

9. Ungawubonisa kanjani umphakeli we-Portworthy Tar Pitch othembekile? Umhlahlandlela womthengi

Ochwepheshe bokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMark Thompson, SourcingI-Coal Tar PitchKusuka kubahlinzeki bamazwe aphesheya, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neChina, kudinga ukuvezwa ngokucophelela. Ukuthola okuthembekileumthumeliidlulela ngalé kokuthola inani lokuncintisana; Kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engaguquki, izinto ezithembekile, kanye nokuxhumana okusobala. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele ucabangele:

• Ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi nokulawula:Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Buza abahlinzeki abangahle benze izinqubo zabo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngabe bayahlola yonke i-batch? Bangakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezitifiketi ezingaguquki zokuhlaziywa (COA) ezifanisa imininingwane ebekiweIphuzu lokuthambisa, Qi, TI,umlothaOkuqukethwe, inani lokuphonsa, njll? Amafektri adumile afana neyethu anama-labs azinikezele futhi anamathelise amaphrothokholi aqinile wokuhlola (e.g., amazinga we-ISO). Qaphela abahlinzeki abangafuni ukuhlanganyela imininingwane yekhwalithi eningiliziwe noma imiphumela yayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamabhethri. Ukucela amasampula ukuhlolwa okuzimele ngaphambi kokubeka ama-oda amakhulu isinyathelo esiqondayo.
• Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe:Ngenkathi uMarku kungenzeka aqine ekuthengisweni, ukuba neumthumeliNgokuqonda kwezobuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuxoxa ngendlela ehluke kanjaniiphimboIzakhiwo zithinta inqubo yakho? Bangakweluleka ngokufanelekhuphuka? Umphakeli onolwazi angaba ngumlingani, hhayi umthengisi nje. Iqembu lethu, ngokwesibonelo, lizothuthukisa iminyaka yokukhiqiza isipiliyoni ukusiza amaklayenti.
• Umthamo wokukhiqiza nokwethenjwa:YenzaumthumeliUbe nesikhundla esanele sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zevolumu ngokungaguquki? Iyini irekhodi labo lokulethwa kwe-on-time? Ukubambezeleka kokuthumela kuyindawo enkulu yobuhlungu, ukukhiqizwa okungahle kumiswe. Funa amafektri asunguliwe anemigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza (efana nemigqa yethu engu-7) ekhombisa ukuqina kanye nekhono lokuphatha ama-oda amakhulu. Cela izethenjwa noma izifundo zamacala.
• Izitifiketi Nokuhambisana:QinisekisaumthumeliKunamathela kumazinga afanele akwamazwe aphesheya (njenge-ISO 9001 yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, i-ISO 14001 yokuphathwa kwemvelo). Buza ngokuhambisana kwabo neMithetho Yezokuphepha Nezemvelo. Cela amakhophi ezitifiketi, kepha qaphela amandla okukhwabanisa - ukuqinisekisa ukuwela uma kungenzeka. Ukuthobela kukhombisa ukusebenza okunomthwalo wemfanelo nokwekhono.
• Ukuxhumana nokubonakala:Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphesheya kwezikhathi nezilimi. Ingabe iqembu lokuthengisa liphendula? Ingabe zinikeza imininingwane ecacile mayelana namasheduli wokukhiqiza, imininingwane yokuthumela, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona? Ukuxhumana okusobala kwakha ukwethenjwa futhi kusiza ukuphatha okulindelwe, ukugwema lezimanga ezihlobene nokuhlelwa kwezinto noma imigomo yokukhokha.
• I-Logistics nokupakisha:Xoxa ngezinketho zokupakisha (isb. Cacisa imigomo yokuthumela (ama-Inoterms) futhi uqinisekiseumthumeliUnolwazi lokuthumela ngaphandle esifundeni sakho (e-USA, europe, njll). Abalingani be-Logiable Logistics babaluleke kakhulu ngokulethwa okufika ngesikhathi.
• Intengo vs.Ngenkathi izintengo zokuncintisana zibalulekile, inketho eshibhile kunazo zonke ayihlali ihamba phambili. Isici ekuguquguqukeni kwekhwalithi, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko ezingaba khona kwezingqinamba zokukhiqiza ezibangelwa indawo engaphansiiphimbo. Zihlose inani elingcono kakhulu eliphelele, izindleko zokulinganisa ezinokwethenjezelwaphakela.

Ukuthola okulungileUmhlinzeki we-Coal Tar Pitchkudinga ukukhuthala okufanele. Ukuvakashela efektri, ukuya emibukisweni yezimboni (lapho sihlangana khona njalo namakhasimende angaba khona), futhi sakha ubudlelwano obususelwa ekuthembekeni futhi ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kunconywa kakhulu.

10. Ukuqonda nokuphatha ukuvezwa komsebenzi ku-Pitch Coal Tar Pitch emsebenzini

Ukusebenza neI-Coal Tar PitchDinga ukunakwa kokuphepha ngenxa yamathubaUkuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS), okubandakanya i-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).UkuchayekaKungenzeka nge-inhalationof fumes noma uthuli,Ukuxhumana kwe-Dermalngeiphimbouqobo, noma ukungenisa (okuncane kakhulu, kuvame ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okumpofu). Kubalulekile izimboni ezisebenzisaiphimboukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile.

Ukuchayeka ku-Tar Coal TarUkususelwa kufanaiphimbokungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo engaba khona. Isikhathi esifushaneukuchayekakuya phezuluukuqoqanaAmazinga we-CTPV angadalaukucasulwa kokuphefumula, amakhanda, isiyezi, nesicanucanu. Isikhathi eside noma esiphindaphindwayoUkuxhumana kwe-Dermalkungaholela ekuhambeni kwe-photosensitivity (ukwenza isikhumba sizwele ukukhanya kwelanga), i-folliculitis, umqubuko, nokunyeIzimo zesikhumba. Isikhati esideinhalation ukuchayekakuhlotshaniswe nobungozi obukhulayo bomdlavuza othile, ikakhulukazi isikhumba, amaphaphu, kanye nesinye, yingakho imizimba yokulawula njenge-OSHA (umsebenzi wokuphepha emsebenzini) e-US Set Imvumeukuchayekaimikhawulo (ama-PEL) ama-CTPVs kuindawo yokusebenza.

Ukuphathaukuchayekakufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwezilawuli:

• Izilawuli Zobunjiniyela:Izinqubo ezivalelwe, zisebenzisa amasistimu we-Local Afventiover Aversation (Lev) ukuthwebula ama-fumes emthonjeni (e.g., ngesikhathi sokuxubana, ukubhaka kwama-anode,imbuthumaUkusebenza), kanye nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo yokunciphisa othintana naye wabasebenzi ngqo baphumelela kakhulu.
• Izilawuli Zokuphatha:Ukunciphisa umkhawulo abasebenzi besikhathi bachitha phezulu-ukuchayekaIzindawo, ezisebenzisa izinqubo zomsebenzi eziqinile, ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo ezizinikezele zokudla / ukuphuza kude nezindawo zokusebenza, kanye nokuqapha okujwayelekile emsebenzini ukukala i-CTPVukuqoqanaamazinga.
• Imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE):Lona umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela futhi uhlanganisa ukuphefumula okufanele (okukhethiwe kususelwa ku-ukuchayekaAmazinga), amagilavu ​​amelana namakhemikhali, ukumboza, nokuvikelwa kwamehlo. Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele ekusebenziseni kwe-PPE nokunakekelwa kubalulekile.
• I-HYGIENE:Ukugcizelela ukugeza okujwayelekile kwezandla nokugeza ngemuva kokushiyeka kubalulekile ukususa noma yikuphi okusalayoiphimbokusuka esikhunjeni.

LaphoI-Coal Tar Pitchkuyinto ebalulekile-kwezimboniizinto ezibonakalayo, ukuphatha okusebenzayo kanye nokunamathela ngokuqinile kumaphrothokholi wokuphepha kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhambisanaUkuvezwa emsebenzini. Abahlinzeki abadumile kufanele bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yedatha yokuphepha (SDS) echaza izingozi nezinqubo zokuphatha ezinconyelwe ngokuqondileiphimboimikhiqizo. KhandlanisaukuchayekaIvikela impilo yabasebenzi futhi iqinisekise ukuhambisana nokulawula.

Ukuthathwa kokhiye ku-Coal Tar Pitch

Ukusonga ukuhlola kwethu kweI-Coal Tar Pitch, Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Imvelaphi: I-Coal Tar Pitchyi-okuhlangeneukusukaI-distillationye-crude coal tar, aukwengezaye-coal calbonization.
• Impahla ebalulekile:Inani layo eliyinhloko lilele ngamandla alo amahle kakhulu abophayo futhi liphezuluikhabhonithela phezuukufudumeza (pitch cokeukwakheka).
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu:Kubucayiisibophoingomaneikhabhonianodes inUkubhema i-Alumininum, kubalulekile ku-Umkhiqizi we-elekthrodi kagesi, isetshenziswe embonini yensimbiukuchanzaza, futhi etholakala ngokukhethekileukumbozakanye nama-sealants.
• Amabanga: Iphimboiza amamaki ahlukahlukene (ithambile, eliphakathi nendawo, elinzima, eliguquliwe) ngokusekelwe ikakhulukaziIphuzu lokuthambisa, enzelwe ukwehluka-kwezimboniIzicelo zikeIzinga eliphakathi lokushisa asphalt asphalt.
• Ukukhetha kwabahlinzeki:Ukukhetha okuthembekileumthumeliKubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, umthamo wokukhiqiza, izitifiketi (i-ISO), ukusebenza kwezokuxhumana, kanye nobuchwepheshe beLogistics. Gxila kunani eliphelele, hhayi nje intengo.
• Ukuphepha: Ukuvezwa emsebenzinikwa-Ama-Coal Tar Pitch Volulatiles(CTPVS / PAHs) idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngezilawuli zobunjiniyela, izinqubo zokuphatha, i-PPE efanelekile, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka yokunciphisa ubungozi bezempiloIzimo zesikhumbanomaukucasulwa kokuphefumula.

Ukuqonda lezi zici zeI-Coal Tar PitchAma-Empowers ochwepheshe ezimbonini ezihlobene nokwenza izinqumo ezingcono zokuthola imali, asebenzise izinqubo zawo, futhi aqinisekise ukuphathwa okuphephile kwalokhu okuguquguqukayo futhi okubalulekileinto yamakhemikhali. Njengomenzi ozinikele, sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngekhwalithi ephezuluiphimboImikhiqizo nokusekela amakhasimende ethu emhlabeni wonke.