Ukuqonda asphalt, bitumen, kanye ne-tar: ukungefani okubalulekile kanye nezicelo ekwakhiweni komgwaqo kwanamuhla

Lapho sikhuluma ngokwakha imigwaqo noma izinhlelo zezimboni ezidinga ama-ejenti ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe, amagama afanaitiyela, amatumu, futhiitiyelakuvame ukuza. Ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana engxoxweni ejwayelekile, lezi zinto zokwakha zinemvelaphi, izakhiwo nokusebenzisa. Ukuqondaumehluko phakathi kwe-asphaltFuthi lezi zinto ezihlobene zibalulekile kunoma ngubani kuUkwakhiwa komgwaqoUmkhakha, noma amabhizinisi afana nama-aluminium smelters namamitha ensimbi ancike kwimikhiqizo esususelwa kubo. Le ndatshana izokwehla ngokujulile kulokho okwenza ngakunye okuhlukile, izicelo zazo eziyinhloko, nokuthi kungani ukhetha izinto ezifanele, njengokuthileUhlobo lwe-Asphalt, kubalulekile empumelelweni. Njengefektri enezintambo eziyisikhombisa zokukhiqiza ezikhethekile emikhiqizweni yamalahle amalahle kanye ne-petroleum coke, thina, atZgfty, bazibonele mathupha ukuthi lolu lwazi lubaluleke kangakanani kumakhasimende ethu emhlabeni jikelele, kusukela e-USA kuya eYurophu nase-Australia. Ake sivuse indlela yokucaca!

Le ndatshana ikufanele ukufundwa ngoba kuzokwenzeka:

• Chaza ngokucacileitiyela, amatumu, futhiitiyela.
• ChazaUmehluko Osemqokaekwakhiweni kwabo futhiIzakhiwo nokusebenzisa.
• Xoxa ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneIzinhlobo ze-asphaltkanye nokufaneleka kwabo kwamaphrojekthi ahlukile.
• Qokomisa ukubaluleka kwalezi zinto zokwakha ngaphakathiUkwakhiwa komgwaqokanye nezinye izimboni.
• Nikeza imininingwane yokwenzakuqiza kahleIzinketho ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yokuyekethisa, ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwabaphathi bezimpahla zokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMark Thompson.

1. Yini i-asphalt, futhi ihluke kanjani kuBitumen?

Ake siqale ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Kaningi, abantu bayadideka phakathiitiyelana-amatumu. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, "itiyela"Kubhekiswa engxube eqediwe esetshenziselwa ukudala imigwaqo. Le ngxube imvamisa iquketheamatumu, -qonde eceleni(njengesihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, noma itshe elichotshoziwe), futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-filler. Ngakho-ke,I-Asphalt yingxubevange-phiamatumuIzenzo njengeisibopho. Cabanga ngakho njengekhekhe:amatumuamaqanda namafutha aphethe ufulawa (okuhlanganisiwe) ndawonye ukwenza ikhekhe lokugcina (I-Asphalt Pavement).

Ngokolunye uhlangothi,amatumuaUketshezi oluninginoma uhlobo oluqinile lwei-petroleum. Kumnyama, kunamathelayo, futhiI-viscous kakhuluinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo noma etholwa njengokuvela kwei-petroleumukucwilisa. Ngakho-ke,amatumukungenye yezithako eziphambiliphakathi kwa- itiyela. Igama "amatumu"Isetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu nangezinye izifunda ukubhekisela kulolu hlelo olubophayo. Indima yayo eyinhloko ukubopha-qonde eceleniizinhlayiya ndawonye, ​​ukuhlinzeka amandla,ukuqina, kanye nokungena kwamanzi kungavunyelweitiyelaingxube. Izinga leamatumukuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kweI-Asphalt Pavement, okuthinta ukumelana kwayo kuyoukuqhekekaukwakheka kanye nokwenza okungaphansitraffic esindayofuthi okuhlukahlukeneizimo zezulu.

Ukuqonda lokhu kwehlukaniswa kubalulekile. Lapho ikhasimende lifana noMark Thompson kusuka ku-USA khuluma ngokuthenga "asphalt," kungenzeka ukuthi abhekisele engxube ephelele yokudabula noma kwesinye isikhathi,I-Bitumen Binderuqobo, kuya ngomongo wezidingo zenkampani yakhe yokuthengisa ezinkampanini zokwakha umgwaqo. Sihlala sikucacisa lokhu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi sihlinzeka ngqo okudingekayo.

2. UTar uchaze: Ngabe elinye nje igama le-asphalt noma i-bitumen?

Manje, kuphiitiyelaungena kulesi sithombe?Itiyela, ngokuqondile amalahleitiyela, kuhluke ngokupheleleitiyelana-amatumuimvelaphi yayo. LaphoamatumuISkuthathwe ku-petroleum, CoalitiyelaIngabe ukuvela kwe-carbonization yamalahle, okuvame ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza i-coke yomkhakha wensimbi noma igesi yamalahle. Kukhulu, kumnyama, futhiUketshezi oluningi, okuningiNjengoButumen, kepha ukwakheka kwalo kwamakhemikhali kuhlukile. Ngokomlando, amalahleitiyelangawunjaloesetshenziswa kakhuluukufuya umgwaqo kanye nokungena kwamanzi, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuUkwakhiwa komgwaqoyehle kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi ngenxa yeUkucatshangelwa Kwezemvelonokusebenza okuphakeme kwei-petroleum-Isedamatumukuzicelo eziningi.

Okukodwa kweUmehluko Osemqokalokho kunjaloitiyelangokuvamile kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamakhompiyutha amnandi kuqhathaniswaamatumu. Ngenkathi ezinye izakhiwo zingahle zibonakale zifana - zombili zimnyama, ama-sticky beinders - ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuholela ezimfanelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene futhiUmthelela wezemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo,itiyelaingathambekela ngokwengeziwe ekushintsheni kokushisa futhi ingakhipha amakhompiyutha athile athile ajwayelekile (ama-Vocs). Namuhla, imikhiqizo efanaAmalahle Amalahle Amaphikozibhekwa kakhulu izicelo ezithile zezimboni, njengokukhiqizwa kwama-electrodes we-graphite, iziphikiso, kanye nokumboza, kunokuba kusakazekeUkwenza Umgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, cha,itiyelaakuyona nje elinye igama leitiyelanomaamatumu; kuhlukileimpahla eluhlaza.

Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqonde ukuthi uma befuna izinto zokwakha umgwaqo, kungenzeka kakhulu emakethe yeitiyela(ingxube) nomaamatumu(the binder). Uma izidingo zabo zenzelwe izinqubo ezikhethekile zezimboni, bese kuba namalahle aphezulu aphezuluitiyelaImikhiqizo kungenzeka ibe yilokho abakudingayo. Sikhiqiza uhla lwamalahleitiyelaimikhiqizo, futhi izicelo zabo zihluke kakhulu kwezethuasphalt e-petroleumiminikelo.

3. Iziphi izinhlobo eziphambili ze-asphalt ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa?

Lapho sikhuluma ngakhoitiyelaukwakha, ikakhulukaziUkwakhiwa komgwaqo, akuyona into eyodwa - yonke impahla. BanguIzinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-asphalt, ngamunye waklama izinhloso ezithile, isimo sezulu, kanye nemithwalo yethrafikhi. Ukukhethwa kweUhlobo lwe-Asphaltingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside nokusebenza kweindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo.

Nazi ezinyeasphalt evame ukusetshenziswaIzinhlobo:

• I-asphalt eshisayo eshisayo (HMA):Lokhu kukhulu kakhuluKusetshenziswe uhlobo lwe-asphaltngokugoqa. Kukhiqizwe ngokushisaamatumuukwehlisa ukubonakala kwayo nokumisa-qonde eceleniukususa umswakama ngaphambi kokuxuba. Le khasihlanganisa asphaltKube sekuthunyelwa, kubekwe, futhi kwahlanganiswa ngenkathi kusashisa. I-HMA yaziwa ngamandla ayo,ukuqina, kanye nokufaneleka kwezindawo eziphakeme zethrafikhi njengezindlela ezinkulu kanye nemigwaqo yezindiza. Sivame ukuhambisa ikhwalithi ephezuluamatumuukukhiqizwa kwe-HMA.
• I-asphalt efudumele ye-asphalt (WMA):I-WMA ikhiqizwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kune-HMA (ngokujwayelekile 20-40 ° C ephansi). Lokhu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhethekile noma izinqubo ezivumelaamatumuukubopha-qonde eceleningempumelelo nalezi zincishisiweamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izinzuzo zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha aphansi futhiukuphumaNgesikhathi sokukhiqiza, iwindi elide lokugaya, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezithuthukile.
• I-Asphalt Cold asphalt (CMA): I-Cold Mix Asphaltkukhiqizwa ngokufaka i-amatumuNgamanzi kanye ne-ejenti emulffication ngaphambi kokuyixuba nayo-qonde eceleni. Ngokungafani neHMA,I-Cold Mix Asphaltayidingi ukufudumala futhi ingasetshenziswaIzinga lokushisa elikhona. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imigodi, i-surfacing yesikhashana, kanye nokugoqa imigwaqo emincane noma imigwaqo yasemakhaya. Yize kungeke kuhlala isikhathi eside njenge-HMA ukuthola okuyisisekeloUmgwaqoIzicelo, akuqiza kahleIsixazululo sokulungiswa kanye nezimo ezifunwa kancane.
• I-Porous asphalt:LeliUhlobo lwe-asphaltinephesenti eliphakeme le-air voids, evumela amanzi ukuba akhiphe ku-indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoingaphezulu libe yi-Stone Recharge Bed ngaphansi. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amanzi angaphezulu, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwe-skid, kanye nokunciphisaisithonjana somgwaqo. KuyintoImvelo InobunganeInketho yokuphatha amanzi esiphepho.
• I-Mastic asphalt (noma i-asphalt mastic):Lokhu kubunye, okungenanyamaitiyelayenziwe ngephakemeamatumuokuqukethwe. Kuhlala isikhathi eside, kungangeni manzi, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile njengebhuloho emphethweni webhuloho, uphahla, kanye nephansi.
• Asphalt asphalt:Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza,amatumuingashintshwa ngama-polymers noma ezinye izengezo.Asphalt eguquliweInikeza ukumelana okuthuthukile kokukhuphuka, ukuqhekeka kukakhahli, kanye nokulimala kokushisa. Lokhu kwenza kube kuhle ezicinitraffic esindayonoma ngokweqileizimo zezulu.

Ukukhetha okulungileUhlobo lwe-Asphaltyisinqumo esibucayi kunoma yikuphiIphrojekthi Yokwakha. Kubandakanya ukucabanga ngezinto ezifana nevolumu yomgwaqo, isimo sezulu, isabelomali kanye nesikhathi esifisayo seindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo. Njengomhlinzeki, sisebenzisana kakhulu namakhasimende ethu ukuqonda izidingo zabo ezithile zeitiyelafuthi unikeze ibanga elifanele leamatumunoma okhethekileitiyelaimikhiqizo.

4. Kungani asphalt ebonakalayo evelele yemiklamo yokwakha umgwaqo?

Itiyelasekuphenduke izinto eziholayo zeUkwakhiwa komgwaqoEmhlabeni jikelele, nangesizathu esihle. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusakazekile kungenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezenza ukuthi ilungele kakhulu ukudala okuhlala isikhathi eside, bushelelezi, futhikuqiza kahle Umgwaqoizixazululo. Ngaphezu kwama-90% emigwaqo egandayiwe e-USA, ngokwesibonelo, afakwa ngaphakathiitiyela. Lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngengozi!

Enye yezizathu eziyinhloko zeitiyelaUkuthandwa kuwukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu.Ama-Asphalt Pavementsziyavumelana nezimo, okusho ukuthi zingamelana nezindawo zokuhlala nokunyakaza ngaphandle kokusheshaukuqhekekaukwakheka. Lokhu kuguquguquka futhi kufaka isandla ekuhambeni okubushelelezi nokuthule okuqhathaniswa nokuqina okuqinileindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoIzinhlobo, zinciphisaisithonjana somgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho,Imigwaqo ye-AsphaltNikeza ukumelana okuhle kwe-skid, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha kwezimoto. Le khasiukuqinayenzelwe kahle futhi eyakhiweI-Asphalt Pavementkusho ukuthi kungaphathaIthrafikhi enkulu kanye nesimo sezulu esihlukahlukenengokweqile iminyaka eminingi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthiitiyelai-100% iyasebenza kabusha.Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-Asphalt Pavement(Rap) ingafakwa okushaukuxutshwa kwe-asphalt, ukunciphisa isidingo sezintombi ntombi nto kanye nokuphambukisa imfucuza kusuka ekuchithekeni komhlaba. Lokhu kwenzaitiyelaa more moreImvelo Inobunganeukukhethaqhathanisa nezinye izinto zokwakha. Amandla okwenzasebenzisa futhi wasebenzisa i-asphalthhayi ukulondolozela izinsiza zemvelo ezifana-qonde ecelenina-amatumukodwa futhi kuyasiza ekunciphiseni okuphelelekuqiza kahleImvelo yeUkwakhiwa komgwaqo nokulungiswa. Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, isidingo sekhwalithi ephezuluamatumuLokho kungafaka ngempumelelo i-rap kukhula njengokusimama kuba ukugxila okukhulu.

I-5. Indima Ebaluleke Kakhulu Yebitume: I-Binder kuMihlanganisi E-Asphalt

Njengoba sithinte,amatumuyi-excung hero initiyelaizingxube. Ngokuvamile yenza cishe ama-5% weukuhlanganiswa kwe-asphaltngesisindo, kepha indima yayo njengeisibophokubalulekile ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni futhiukuqinayeI-Asphalt Pavement. Phandle kwa-amatumu, itiyelakungaba nje yinqwaba yokukhululeka-qonde eceleni.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko weamatumuukubophaama-aggregates kanye ne-bitumensindawonye, ​​sakha isisindo esibumbene futhi esizinzile. Leli-yiceboI-Material Coats the-qonde eceleniizinhlayiya, ukudala amabhondi anamathela aqinile. Lezi zibopho zinikezaitiyelangamandla ayo ukumelana nezingcindezi ezibekwe yizinto zethrafikhi nezemvelo. Ikhwalithi nohlobo lweIBitumen isetshenzisiwethonya ngqoitiyelaUkumelana nokukhathazeka okujwayelekile njengokuthi (ukucindezelwa ezindleleni zesondo), ukuqhekeka ukukhathala (ngenxa yokulayisha okuphindaphindiwe), nokuqhekeka okushisayo (ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa). Amamaki ahlukene weamatumuzichazwa ngezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimo zethrafikhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, kuthambileBitumen kungenzekaisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezibandayo ukuvikela ukuqhekeka, ngenkathi kunzimaamatumukukhethwa ezimweni sezulu ezishisayo ukumelana nokukhuthaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,amatumuihlinzeka ngamanzi kuI-Asphalt Pavement. Kugcwalisa izikhala phakathi-qonde eceleniizinhlayiya, ukuvimbela amanzi ekungeneniindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoisakhiwo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukungena kwamanzi kunganciphisa izingqimba ezingaphansi komgwaqo, okuholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imvelo engabonakali yeamatumuIsiza ukuvikela iindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoIsisekelo futhi sandise impilo yaso yenkonzo. Njengomhlinzeki wamabanga ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathiAsphalt lokushisa eliphakemenemikhiqizo yokushisa ephakathi, siyakuqonda ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ngakwesokudlaamatumuukhiye wokuthola isikhathi esideImigwaqo ye-Asphalt.

6. Ngaphesheya kwemigwaqo: Izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-asphalt kanye ne-bitumen

LaphoUkwakhiwa komgwaqouhlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu, oluhlukileIzakhiwo nokusebenzisaiwa-itiyelana-amatumuukunwebeka ezinkingeni eziningi zeminye imikhakha yezimboni nezentengiso. Izimfanelo zabo ezinhle kakhulu ezingangeni manzi nezinamathesi zizenza zibaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zokwakha nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Nakhu ukubheka ezinye izicelo ezahlukahlukene:

• Uphahla: Amatumuisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kwama-shingles aphahla futhi azizwe.BikaminiusIzinto zophahla zinikeza isithiyo esiqinile, esingenamanzi, esivinjelwe ezintweni, ukuvikela izakhiwo ekujuleni nasekulimaleni kwamanzi.
• Ukuvimbela amanzi nokubopha uphawu: Amatumu-Izimbobo ezivinjelwe kanye nama-sealants zisetshenziselwa izisekelo ezingangenzi manzi, izisekelo, amabhuloho, imigudu kanye nemisele.I-Bitumen EmulsionFuthi izixazululo zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikhona ukudala ungqimba olungabonakali.
• Imidwebo yamapayipi:Ukuvikela amapayipi kusuka ekugqwalisweni, ikakhulukazi lawo angcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamanzi,amatumuIzimbozo zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwengqalasizinda ebucayi.
• Ukudangala komsindo: ItiyelaAmashidi noma amashidi afakiwe noma ama-coatings asetshenziswa embonini yezimoto kanye nokwakhiwa ukunciphisa umsindo nokudlidliza.
• I-Industrial Flooring:-ListicitiyelaInikeza isixazululo esinzima, esiqinile futhi esisezingeni eliphezulu sefektri, izindawo zokugcina impahla, kanye nezindawo zincike ekugqokeni kanzima nokudabula.
• Imikhiqizo Ekhethekile:Ifektri yethu, ngokwesibonelo, ikhiqizaAsphalt esikhethekile ezithakeni ze-oilfield. Lezi ezikhethekileokokuklasazenziwa ngezakhiwo ezithile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza koketshezi, lawula ukulahleka koketshezi, futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kwe-Wellbore kui-petroleumimboni. Ngokufanayo,I-Coal Tar Pitch, omunye umkhiqizo esiwubhekele, ubalulekile ukukhiqiza ama-anondo e-carbon ukukhala kwe-aluminium, ama-electrodes we-graphite we-wetmaking, futhi njengeisibophongemikhiqizo yekhabhoni.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-asphalt kanye ne-bitumenIzici ezivela ezicini zabo eziyisisekelo: ziyi-thermoplastic (zithambisa lapho zifudumeza, zilukhuni lapho zipholile), zinamathela khona), zinamathela, futhi zimelana kakhulu namanzi namakhemikhali amaningi. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi baguqulwe ngobuningi beIzakhiwo nokusebenzisa, ukuzenza zibalulekileimpahla eluhlazaizakhi embonini yanamuhla.

7. I-Asphalt vs Bitumen: Ukubhekisisa okusondelene nokusebenza kwabo kanye nezicelo

Uma uqhathanisaasphalt vs bitumen, kubalulekile ukuphinda lokhoI-Asphalt yingxubevangeequketheamatumu. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kweitiyelakuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi nohlobo lweIBitumen isetshenzisiwe, kanye ne-qonde ecelenifuthi uhlanganise design. Kodwa-ke, singakwazi ukuxoxa ngokuthi kanjaniamatumuIthonya le-Properties lithonyaitiyelaukusebenza kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene.

Amatumuuqobo, njengeisibopho, ibonakala ngokubonakala kwayo, ibanga lokungena (ukuqina), iphuzu lokuthambisa, kanye nekhompiyutha. Lezi zakhiwo zinquma ukuthi injaniasphalt hlangana asphaltuzoziphatha ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo:

• A amatumungenani eliphansi lokungena (nzimaamatumu) kuzoholela kuitiyelalokho kumelana kakhulu nodotiamazinga okushisa aphezuluKepha kungenzeka ukuthi ithambekele kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwamazinga okushisa aphansi.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, aamatumungenani lokungena eliphakeme (athambileamatumu) kuzokhiqiza ukuguquguquka okuthe xaxaitiyela, kufaneleka kangcono izimo zezulu ezibanda kakhulu kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi zizinze ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo esimweni sezulu esishisayo.

Ngokwesicelo,I-Bitumen ivame ukusetshenziswanjengoba impahla eyinhloko yokufafaza (izimpawu ze-chip noma ukugqoka komhlaba), lapho ungqimba lweI-Blutumen eshisayokufafazwe endaweni yomgwaqo, kulandelwe ungqimba lwe-qonde eceleni. Lokhu yikuqiza kahleIndlela yokubeka uphawu lweziphambeko ezikhona futhi ithuthukise ukumelana kwe-skid.Kanti bitumenIngxenye,itiyela(I-Composete Material) isetshenziselwa izingqimba zezakhiwo zeindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo, ukuhlinzeka umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo. -Ahlukileukuxutshwa kwe-asphalt(e.g.Izendlalelo ze-Asphaltngaphakathi kwe-indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoisakhiwo (inkambo eyisisekelo, isifundo se-binder, inkambo egqoke) ukwenza kahle ukusebenza futhiukuqina.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwehlukilebitumen noma asphaltimikhiqizo ekugcineni incike kwizidingo ezithile zeIphrojekthi Yokwakha. Isibonelo, umgwaqo omkhulu wethrafikhi ephezulu uzodinga amandlaI-Hot Mix Asphaltnge-polymer-modifiedamatumuNgokuthuthukiswaukuqina, ngenkathi i-driveway yasemakhaya ingahle inikezwe ngokwanele yi-lulaIndwangu ye-Asphalt. Ukuqonda ama-nuances weasphalt vs bitumenIsiza ochwepheshe bonjiniyela bokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMark Thompson benze izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu ukuqinisekisa isikhathi eside kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.

8. Yini ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nomthelela wokusebenzisa i-asphalt ne-bitumen?

Le khasiUmthelela wezemveloiwa-itiyelana-amatumuukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kungukucatshangelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kuUmkhakha we-Asphalt. Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezimboni ehilelai-petroleumImikhiqizo, kunezingqinamba, kepha futhi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezenziwa ekusimeni.

Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo zemvelo eziphambili zihlobeneukuphumaNgesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kweI-Hot Mix Asphalt. UkufudumezaI-Bitumen kanye Nezihlanganisikwa-amazinga okushisa aphezuluIsebenzisa amandla futhi ingakhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nama-compacts aguqukayo (ama-Vocs). Kodwa-ke, imboni isebenze ngenkuthalo ukunciphisa lokhu. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa okufudumeleItiyela(WMA) isibonelo esikhulu. NgokuvumelaUkukhiqizwa kwe-Asphaltemazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-WMA inciphise kakhuluukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa. Lokhu akukunciphisi njeUmthelela wezemveloKepha futhi kungaholela emalini yezindleko.

Enye into enhle ukutholwa kabusha kweitiyela. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili,I-Asphalt Pavementkungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kakhulu emhlabeni.Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-Asphalt Pavement(Rap) ingafakwa okushaukuxutshwa kwe-asphaltngamaphesenti aphezulu, ukunciphisa isidingo sentombi ntoamatumuna--qonde eceleni, ukulondolozela izinsiza zemvelo, futhi kunciphise imfucuza yokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Lo mnotho oyindilinga uzungeza kakhulu uthuthukise iphrofayili yokusimamisa yeImigwaqo ye-Asphalt. Ngokwengeziwe, intuthuko inAma-asphalt Technologiesfaka ukuthuthukiswa kweasphalt ye-porous, esiza ukuphatha ukubaleka kwamanzi esiphepho, ukunciphisa izikhukhula nokungcoliswa kokungcola. Kuyaqhubeka nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ama-Bio-Binders athathwe kwizinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengezinhlobonhlobo noma ezigcwele ukufakwa kweI-Petroleum Bitumen, ihlose ukuqhubekaYehlisa i-carbon footprintiwa-Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo.

Laphoitiyela, ikakhulukazi amalahleitiyela, ubhekane nokuhlolisiswa okwengeziwe ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye namathuba okuthola izinto eziyingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuUkwakhiwa komgwaqomanje sekuncane ezindaweni eziningi. -Isimanjeamatumuizinqubo zokucwilisa kanye nezindlela zokuphatha ngokucophelela zihlose ukukhiqiza ama-beinders aphephile futhi azinze lapho zisetshenziswa ngaphakathiAma-Asphalt Pavements. Kumakhasimende ethu, ikakhulukazi lawo asezifundeni ezinemithetho eqinile yezemvelo efana neYurophu ne-USA, siqinisekisa imikhiqizo yethu ihlangabezana nawo wonke amazinga okuhambisana nawo. Lokhu kuzibophezela ku-Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemveloubalulekile.

9. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele: Ungayikhetha kanjani i-Asphalt esebenzayo yezidingo zakho?

Ukukhetha kwesokudlaUhlobo lwe-AsphaltnomaamatumuIbanga libalulekile ekuqinisekiseni aIphrojekthi Yokwakhakuyaphumelela bobabili futhikuqiza kahle. Ukuze umnikazi wenkampani kanye nesikhulu sokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMark Thompson, ikhwalithi yokulinganisa enentengo yokuncintisana ibaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona nje izindleko zokuqala zeIndwangu ye-Asphalt, kepha futhi mayelana nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside futhiizindleko zokulungisa.

Nansi indlela engokoqobo yokuthiUkukhetha i-asphalt efanele:

1. Qonda izidingo zephrojekthi:

   • Umthwalo wethrafikhi:Ngabe i-indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoSekela ukukhanya, okuphakathi, nomatraffic esindayo? Izindawo eziphakeme zethrafikhi zidinga amandla amaningiukuxutshwa kwe-asphaltngenhlaukuqina.
   • Izimo zezulu:Cabanga ngesimo sendawo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu (kokubili okushisayo namakhaza), imvula, nemijikelezo ye-freeze-taw izothonya ukukhethwa kweamatumuibanga futhiUhlobo lwe-Asphalt. Isibonelo, aUkushisa okuphakathi kwe-asphalt blockingahle ilungele isimo sezimo ezithile kanye nezicelo.
   • Ukulindela isikhathi sokuphila:Iyiphi impilo yenkonzo oyifunayo yeindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo? Isikhathi eside sokuphila singase sithethelele ukutshalwa kwemali okuphezulu kokuqala kwezinto ze-premium ezinjenge-polymer-sydifieditiyela.
   • Isicelo esithile:Kuyinto entshaIphrojekthi Yokwakhiwa Kwemigwaqo, ukuvuselelwa, ukugoqa, noma ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwezimboni? Ngayinye idinga indlela ehlukile.

2. Hlaziya izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-asphalt:

   • I-asphalt eshisayo eshisayo (HMA):Okungcono kakhuluukuqinanezindawo eziphakeme zethrafikhi, kepha zingabiza kakhulu ekuqaleni.
   • I-asphalt efudumele ye-asphalt (WMA):Inikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngezinzuzo zezemvelo nezingaba khona kwezindleko ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kokukhiqizwa.Okunikezwa kangconoUkusetshenziswa.
   • I-Asphalt Cold asphalt (CMA):Okuningikuqiza kahleukulungiswa okwesikhashana, izindawo ezikude, noma imigwaqo ephansi yethrafikhi.Kusetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okwenza kube lula ngemisebenzi emincane.
   • Asphalt asphalt:Cabanga ngezicelo ezifunwayo lapho ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe (isb., Ukumelana nokuvalwa,ukuqhekekaUkumelana) kubalulekile, noma ngabe izindleko eziphambili ziphakeme.

3. Cabanga ngezindleko zesikhathi eside:

   • OkushibhileitiyelaInketho ingahle isonge imali ekuqaleni kodwa ingaholela phezuluizindleko zokulungisaFuthi isikhathi esifushane sokuphila, ekugcineni kubiza kakhulu. Ukutshala imali ngekhwalithiamatumufuthi kufanelekileukuhlanganiswa kwe-asphaltIdizayini ivame ukukhokha.
   • Isici okusemandleni ukusebenzisaI-asphalt ye-Recoed(Rap), okunganciphisa izindleko ezibonakalayo futhi kuyintoImvelo InobunganeUkuzikhethela.

4. Sebenza nabathengisi abathembekile:

   • Umphakeli onolwazi (njengathi!) Anganikeza umhlahlandlela phambiliitiyelanomaamatumuNgezidingo zakho ezithile kanye nesabelomali. Siyaqonda ukuthi "inani" elihlanganisa zombili intengo nekhwalithi. Siqinisekisa imikhiqizo yethu, noma ngabe iyindinganisoamatumunoma okhethekileokokuklasa, Hlangana namazinga aphesheya.

Ngokucabanga ngokucophelela lezi zinto, amabhizinisi angakwaziyenza unolwazi kakhuluIsinqumo, Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola aI-Asphalt EngabiziIsixazululo esihambisa ukusebenza okudingekayo futhiukuqina.

10. Ukuthola i-asphalt ephezulu yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye ne-bitumen: Yini okufanele abathengi abayifunayo?

Kwabathengi njengoMark Thompson, othengeitiyelana-amatumuImikhiqizo evela emazweni asathuthuka afana neChina, ukudonsa izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuyinto ekhathazayo ephezulu. Izinga leimpahla eluhlazangqo lithinta impumelelo yamaphrojekthi wamakhasimende akhe, noma ngabe bangama-aluminium smelters, amalambu ensimbi, nomaUkwakhiwa komgwaqoizinkampani. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho zithola le mikhiqizo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nezitifiketi:Lokhu akuxoxiswanga. Abathengi kufanele baphikelele imibiko ephelele yokuhlola ikhwalithi ye-batch ngayinye yeitiyelanomaamatumu. Funa abahlinzeki abanamathela kumazinga aphesheya (e.g., ASTM, AASHTO, EN). Izitifiketi ezifana ne-ISO 9001 (yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi) ne-ISO 14001 (yokuphathwa kwezemvelo) yizinkomba ezinhle zokuzibophezela komhlinzeki kwekhwalithi kanye nezenzo ezifanele. Wele, thina ngokuziqhenya ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yethu okunzima emigqeni yethu yokukhiqiza engu-7. "Ukukhwabanisa Kwesitifiketi kunendawo yangempela yobuhlungu," UMark wake wangitshela. "Sidinga abahlinzeki esingabethemba."
• Idumela lomhlinzeki kanye nesipiliyoni:Khetha abahlinzeki ngerekhodi elifakazelwe kanye nesipiliyoni ekuthekelweni kwamanye amazwe esifundeni sakho (e-USA, eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Australia, njll.). Ifektri esunguliwe kungenzeka ibe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingaguquki futhi iqonde ubunzima obukhulu bokuhweba ngokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Ukufunda ubufakazi noma ukucela izethenjwa kungasiza.
• Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe:Chaza ngokucacile ukucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe okudingekayo kweitiyelanomaamatumu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ibanga lokungena, iphuzu lokuthambisa, ukubonakala, kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezithile ze-Modifiedokokuklasanoma imikhiqizo ekhethekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi umphakeli angahlangabezana nalokhu okucacisiwe.
• I-Logistics nokuthumela:Izinto ezisebenza kahle zibalulekile ukugwema ukubambezeleka okungaphazamisa amashejuli wokukhiqiza. Xoxa ngemigomo yokuthumela, izikhathi zokuhola, ukupakisha (e.g., izigubhu, inqwaba, noma amafomu akhethekile afanaasphalt), kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komhlinzeki ngemithwalo yamazwe omhlaba. Umhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa uzokwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo ngesimo sokuthumela.
• Ukuxhumana nokusekelwa:Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuthengiselana okubushelelezi. Abameli bokuthengisa abahlinzeki kufanele babe nolwazi, baphendule futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nemibuzo yezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuyasiza ekugwemeni ukungaqondi nasekuxazululeni noma yiziphi izingqinamba ngokushesha. UMark uvame ukugcizelela ukuthi "ukukhulumisana okungasebenzi kungabiza kakhulu njengeqembu elibi lezinto ezibonakalayo."
• Izindlela Zokukhokha:Qinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokukhokha ezisobala nezivikelekile ziyatholakala. Xoxa ngokucacile

Ngokugxila kulezi zinto, abathengi banganciphisa kakhulu izingozi futhi bakhe ubudlelwano obuqinile nabathengisi abathembekile beitiyelana-amatumu, Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezihlangabezana nezidingo zabo zephrojekthi kanye nokulindelwe kweklayenti.

11. I-Innovations kubuchwepheshe asphalt: iveza ikusasa lengqalasizinda yomgwaqo

Le khasiUmkhakha we-Asphaltakayona into; kuvela njaloIntuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-asphaltKuhloswe ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko. Lezi ezintsha zibumba ikusasa leIngqalasizinda Yomgwaqonokuthi sicabangani ngakhoitiyelana-amatumu.

Enye intuthuko ethokozisayo ifaka phakathi:

• I-Sel-Healing asphalt:Abaphenyi bayakhulaokokuklasalokho kungalungisa imifantu emincane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya ukufaka ama-microcapsapsule aqukethe izivuno noma izicucu zensimbi lokho, lapho kufuthelwa ukungeniswa, kuncibilike okuzungezileamatumuukuvala imifantu. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhuluizindleko zokulungisafuthi kwandisweindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoImpilo.
• Imigwaqo ekhiqiza amandla:Amaphrojekthi we-Pilot ahlolaAma-Asphalt PavementsKufakwe amakristalu e-piezoelectric angakhiqiza ugesi ekucindezelekeni okwenziwe ngomshini kwezimoto ezidlulayo. Ngenkathi kusenezigaba zokuqala, lokhu kungaguqula imigwaqo ibe yimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
• Imigwaqo epholile:Lezi iziokokuklasaYakhelwe ukukhombisa imisebe yelanga eyengeziwe futhi yenza ngcono ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, kunciphisa amazinga okushisa angaphezulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni umphumela we-Urban Heat Island, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwenziwa amandla okupholisa, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya.
• I-Bio-asphalt kanye ne-Bio-Binders:Ucwaningo Olubalulekile luya ekuthuthukiseniamatumuezinye izindlela ezivela ku-i-petroleumImithombo efana ne-lignin (kusuka ngokhuni), ama-microalgae, noma uwoyela wokupheka udaka. Lezi zinhlamvu ze-bio-ama-binders zihlose ukudala okuningiasphalt imvelo enobunganeIzinketho futhi zinciphise ukuthembela kumafutha ezinhlamvu.
• Amasu athuthukisiwe wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha:Izinto ezintsha zithuthukisa amandla okusebenzisa amaphesenti aphezulu weUkubuyiselwa emuva kwe-Asphalt Pavement(Rap) kanye ne-asphalt shingles (RAS) entshaukuxutshwa kwe-asphaltngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza. Lokhu kufaka ubuchwepheshe obungcono bezobuchwepheshe ukuze ubuyisele izakhiwo ezineminyaka yobudalaamatumu.
• Imigwaqo ehlakaniphile yezinzwa ezishumekiwe:Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa kuIzendlalelo ze-Asphaltinganikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ezimeni zethrafikhi,indlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoimpilo, futhiizimo zezulu, kunika amandla ukulungiswa okusebenzayo nokuphathwa ngcono kwezimoto.

LeziAma-asphalt Technologieskhombisa ukuzibophezela ekwakheni isikhathi eside, okusimeme, futhi kuhlakaniphileIngqalasizinda Yomgwaqo. Njengefektri enikezelwe ukukhiqiza ikhwalithi ephezuluitiyelanamalahleitiyelaImikhiqizo, silandela kahle lezi zithuthuka. Ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obusha kusivumela ukuthi sinikezeIlungele kangconoimikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo ezivelayo zanamuhlaUkwakhiwa komgwaqokanye nezicelo zezimboni, ekugcineni kufaka isandla kungconoikhwalithi yomgwaqonekusasa elizinzile. Uhambo lweitiyelakukude; Iyasuswa ngokwenza izinto ezintsha.

Ukuthathwa Key:

• ItiyelaIngabe impahla eyinhlanganisela eyenziwe ngayoamatumu(I-Binder) futhi-qonde eceleni, ngokuyinhlokoisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni komgwaqo.
• Amatumua-yicebo, ifomu elimnyama, eliqinile lei-petroleum, okwenza njengobucayiisibophophakathi kwa-ukuxutshwa kwe-asphalt.
• Itiyela(ikakhulukazi amalahleitiyela) kutholakala kumalahle, ahlukile ngamakhemikhali kusukaamatumu, futhi manje wasebenzisa okuningi kuzicelo ezikhethekile zezimboni kunomqondo ojwayelekileUkwenza Umgwaqo.
• Kukhona okuhlukahlukeneIzinhlobo ze-asphalt(Ukuhlanganiswa okushisayo, ukuxubana okufudumele,I-Cold Mix Asphalt, I-porous, modified) eyenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile, zezulu, kanye nemithwalo yethrafikhi.
• Itiyelakuvelele ngaphakathiUkwakhiwa komgwaqoNgenxa yayoukuqina, ukuvumelana nezimo, ukuqina kabusha, futhikuqiza kahleimvelo.
• Lapho ngithola khonaitiyelanomaamatumu, gxila ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi, izitifiketi (i-ISO), idumela lomhlinzeki, ukucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe okucacile, izinto ezithembekile, kanye nokuxhumana okuhle.
• Le khasiUmkhakha we-Asphaltkuyinto ezintsha, ngentuthuko njengokuzenzisaokokuklasa, imigwaqo epholile, kanye nama-Bio-Binders ahlose ukuzenzelwa kakhulu futhi aqinileIngqalasizinda Yomgwaqo.
• UkuqondaUmehluko Osemqokana-Izakhiwo nokusebenzisakwalezi zinto zokwakha kuyasiza ngaphakathiUkukhetha okulungileInketho yanoma iyiphiIphrojekthi Yokwakha, ukulinganisa izindleko nokusebenza.