I-Asphalt vs Tar vs Bitumen: Ukudicilela phansi umehluko wokuqamba, ama-driveways, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni

Udidekileitiyela, itiyela, futhiamatumu? Awuwedwa. Lawa magama ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, ikakhulukazi lapho ekhuluma ngemigwaqo futhiimigwaqo, kepha babheka izinto ezihlukile ngemvelaphi ehlukile, izakhiwo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuqondaumehluko phakathi kwebitume, itiyela, futhiitiyelakubalulekile ukuthi ubamba iqhazaUkwakhiwa komgwaqo, izinto zokwakha izinqubo zezimboni ezinjenge-aluminium smelling noma ukukhiqiza insimbi, noma zimane nje zifuna ukwazi ngezinto ezimnyama ezakha imigwaqo yethu. Le ndatshana izodiliza lezi zinto zokwakha, ichaza ukuthi yilokho yilowo nalowo, indlela ahluke ngayo (I-Asphalt VS TAR), futhi kungani ukhetha okulungile okubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe ukusebenza,ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko. Njengefektri enolwazi olunzulu ekukhiqizeniibha yamalahleImikhiqizo ne-petroleum coke, sizokwabelana ngokuqonda ukukusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Yini i-asphalt eyakhiwa ngayo?

Itiyela, ngokwesimo seUkwakhiwa komgwaqoFuthi ukudonsa, akuyona into eyodwa kepha kunalokho okuphathelene ne-composite. Cabanga ngakho ngokhonkolo, okusebenzisaukhokhevunjenge-isibophoingomane-qonde eceleni(njengesihlabathi kanye ne-gravel). Ngokufanayo,itiyelaI-Pavement ngokuyinhloko ingxube ye-qonde eceleni(itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi, noma amatshe amatshe, akha inqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo) neisibopho. Le khasiisibophoisithako esiyisihluthulelo esiphethe-qonde ecelenindawonye, ​​ukuhlinzeka ngokwakheka nokuvumelana nezimo.

Okuvame kakhuluisibophoKusetshenziswe namuhlayenza i-asphaltI-PAVEMENT yiamatumu. Leliamatumuixubene nosayizi ahlukahlukene we-qonde eceleni- kusuka-maqhafuqhafuamatshe ukuzeokuhlanganisiwe okuhlenjengesihlabathi - kanye neumphenqoyaimpahla. Izilinganiso zilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kufinyelelwe izici ezithile zokusebenza. Ingxube ifudumele (amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-300 no-350degrees Celsius), exutshwe kahle, wabe esewalala phansi futhi wahlanganiswa ngenkathi kusashisa ukwakha a-bushelezi, indawo ehlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, lapho abantu bekhuluma ngo- "I-Asphalt Road"noma"I-asphalt driveway", zivame ukubhekisela kuitiyelaukhonkolo, i-enjiniyela ngqoingxube yebitumena--qonde eceleni.

-IsimanjeitiyelaIzingxube zenzelwe okuthileumoyaimibandela nemithwalo yethrafikhi. Izakhiwo zeamatumu isibophokanye nohlobo / ukufakwa kwe-qonde ecelenikuthonya kakhulu ukumelana kwendlela yokuqhekeka ekuqhekekeni, ukukonakala, kanye nomonakalo womswakama. Ukuguquguquka kwe-itiyelaIvumela onjiniyela ukuthi badale imigwaqo elungele konke kusuka egumbini lokuhlalaama-driveways nokupakainkatho emigwaqweni emikhulu yomsebenzi. Lokhu kudwetshwe ngokucophelelaI-Asphalt yingxubevangelokho kunikeza amandla futhi-ngenamampuloso ngaphandleSincike nsuku zonke.

UTar uchaze: Kuvelaphi nokuthi kwehluke kanjani?

-Ngafani na-itiyela(okusetshenziswa ngokuyinhlokoamatumuisuselwe kwii-petroleum),itiyelainto ehlukile ngokuyisisekelo.Itiyelangokujwayelekile angomkhiqizoetholakala kuUkudilizwa okulimazayo kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kusho izinto zokushisa ezifanaamalahle noma izinkuniukungabikho komoya. Ifomu elivame kakhulu elihlobene nokudla okungokomlando kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboniibha yamalahle, kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhangisa laphoamalahlekuyashukunyiswa ukukhiqiza i-coke (esetshenziswa ensimbi yensimbi) kanye negesi yamalahle.

Ibha yamalahleuwugqinsi, omnyama,Uketshezi oluningiequkethe ukugxila okuphezulu kweI-Aromatic hydrocarbons. Ngokomlando,ibha yamalahleyasetshenziswa njengeisibophoEkwakhiweni komgwaqo, okuholela ethemu "itarmac"(mfushane nge-tarmacadam, indlela yokuhlaselwa komgwaqo eyayinelungelo lobunikazi ngu-Edgar Purnell Hooley ehilelekileitiyelanetshe elichotshoziwe). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuhambeni kwehle kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo kanye nokukhathazeka kwezemvelo okuhambisana nezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-organic (ama-Vocs), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushisa nesicelo.

Ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuUmgwaqoIzicelo manje sezilinganiselwe,ibha yamalahlekanye ne-distillates yayo (njengeAmalahle Amalahle Amaphiko) hlalani izinto ezibalulekile eziluhlaza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zophahla, ipayipiumgwengweziizilo, ama-sealants, upende, futhi okubalulekile, njengobaamabiyaOkwe-carbon electrodes esetshenziswa ekunyisweni kwe-aluminium kanye nokwenza insimbi. OkuhlukileIzakhiwo Zamakhemikhaliiwa-I-Coal Tar Pitch, isuselwe kwiamalahle, Kwenze kube yingxenye ebalulekile lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu okushisa kanye nezinhlaka ezithile zekhabhoni zidingeka. Ukuqondaumehluko phakathi kwebitume ne-tarIqala ngemvelaphi yabo:amatumuukusukauwoyela ongahluziwe, itiyelaukusukaamalahle noma izinkunidistillation.

I-Bitumen yembuliwe: Ingabe elinye nje igama le-asphalt?

Nakhu lapho kudideka khona okuningi. Laphoitiyelana-amatumuzihlobene, aziyona into efanayo, yize imigomo ivamewasebenzisa ngokushintshana, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezithile.Amatumuyi-isibophoingxenyephakathi itiyelaumgwaqo. KuyintoStick omnyama, kakhulu-yicebosemi-solid noma uketshezikuthathwe ku-petroleum. Ngokuqondile,amatumukukhulu kunabo bonkeingxenyanaetholakala engcupheniI-distillationiwa-uwoyela ongahluziwe- Yizinsalela ezishiywe ngemuva kwezingxenyana ezilula njengephethiloli, udizili kanye nowoyela wokuthambisa asusiwe. Le nsalelo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthiphansiinqubo yokucwengeka.

Bitumen Emsulwaempeleni kuyinto yemvelo-namathelayo. Indima yayo eyinhloko kuyoitiyelaumgwaqo ukubopha-qonde eceleniizinhlayiya (isihlabathi, i-gravel, itshe elichotshoziwe) ndawonye, ​​ukudala ukuhlangana nokuzinzaindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoisakhiwo. Iphinde inikeze izici ezivimbela amanzi, ukuvikela izingqimba ezingaphansi komgwaqo kusuka ku-Ingress Waterress.Amatumungokwayo ithambile futhi inozwela lokushisa ukuze isetshenziswe njengeUmgwaqongokwayo; Idinga ukwesekwa okuhlelekile kwe-qonde eceleni. Cabanga ngeamatumunjenge-glue, futhiitiyelanjengesakhiwo esigcotshwe (ama-aggregates kanye ne-bitumenkuhlangene).

Ngakho-ke, ngenkathiamatumuukhiyeumqobelophakathi kwa-itiyelaendleleni,itiyelakubhekiswa kuZonke izinto ezihlanganisiweisetshenziselwa ukudonsa. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba (njenge-Europe), "iBitumen" yigama elivame kakhulu elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi-binder, ngenkathi eNyakatho Melika, "i-asphalt cement" noma umane "itiyela"kuvame ukusetshenziselwa i-binder, futhi"itiyelaukhonkolo "ngenhlanganisela yokugcina yendlela. Akunandaba negama elithi terminology,I-Bitumen iyinqwaba, -yicebo isibophoisuselwe kwiuwoyela ongahluziwe, ehlukile kuyoitiyelaokuvela kuloamalahle.

I-Asphalt vs Tar vs Bitumen: Yikuphi ukwahluka okubalulekile kwemvelaphi nezakhiwo?

Ake uveze ngokusobalaUmehluko Osemqoka phakathi kwe-Asphalt, amatumu, futhiitiyela. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehlukaniswa kubalulekile ekukhetheni impahla efanelekile yezinhlelo ezithile, noma ngabe kudlula aubabalonoma usebenzise izinqubo zezimboni.

-Phansiumehluko phakathi kwebitume ne-taramanga emthonjeni wawo:amatumukuvelai-petroleum, ngenkathiitiyelaisukaamalahle(noma kwesinye isikhathi izinkuni). Lokhu kuholela ekwehlukahlukana okukhulu kweyaboIzakhiwo Zamakhemikhalikanye nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene.ItiyelaNgakho-ke, ingumkhiqizo wobunjiniyelaukusebenzisa amatumunjenge-I-ejenti ebophayoingomane-qonde eceleniukudala okuhlala isikhathi esideindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo ngaphandle. Amatumungokuvamile okunikezwayoIzakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu ezinamathelafuthi phansiUkushisa okufudumeleqhathanisa nendabukoitiyela, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwamuvaUkwakhiwa komgwaqo.

Ingabe ukuthwala kusasetshenziselwa imigwaqo egandayiwe nemigwaqo?

Laphoitiyela(ngqoibha yamalahle) Kwakuyinto evamile yokudambisa okwedlule, okuholela ethemu "itarmac, "Ukusetshenziswa kwako kwanamuhlaUkwakhiwa komgwaqokanye nokugoqaimigwaqoyehle kakhulu emazweni amaningi. Izizathu eziyinhloko kukhona ukukhathazeka kwezempilo kanye nezemvelo ezihambisana namakhompiyutha aguqukayo atholakala ngaphakathiibha yamalahle. Lapho kufuthelwa isicelo,itiyelaIkhipha ama-fumes aqukethe izinto ezingaba yingozi, kufaka phakathi ama-carcinogens. Ngaphezu kwalokho,itiyela-Based Sealants ezisetshenzisiweama-driveways nokupakaInkatho ingaguga futhi ingcolise inhlabathi eseduze nemigwaqo yamanzi.

Ngenxa yalokho,amatumu-Iseditiyelauthathe indawo enkuluitiyelaOkokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.Itiyelaizingxube zisebenzisaamatumuNgokuvamile kubhekwa kuphephile ukuphatha futhi kukhiqize ukuphuma okumbalwa okuyingozi ngesikhathi sohlelo lokusebenza. Baphinde bavame ukunikela ngezimpawu zokusebenza ezingcono, kufaka phakathi ukuguquguquka okukhulu ngaphesheyaisimo sezulu esihlukile, kwathuthukiswaukuqina, kanye nokumelana okungcono kokuhlubula (laphoisibophoihlukanisa kusuka ku-qonde eceleni). Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-niche noma izifunda ezithile zingasebenzisaitiyela-Imikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi yokubhala i-battercoating, akuseyona indinganiso entshaindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqoukwakhiwa.

Ngezicelo ezidinga izakhiwo ezithile zeibha yamalahle, njengokumelana okushisa kakhulu noma izinhlaka ezithile zekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyaqhubeka ezilungiselelweni ezilawulwayo zezimboni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizaAsphalt esikhethekile ezithakeni ze-oilfield, izinto zophahla, kanye no-trucaly,I-Coal Tar Pitchnjenge-isibophoOkwe-carbon electrodes kwizimboni ze-aluminium nezensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngobuningi bamaphrojekthi wokuvula (ubabalo, shayela, izindawo zokupaka izimoto),amatumu-Iseditiyelayinto ekhethwayo futhi evelele.

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zeBitumen kanye ne-tar zithinta ukusetshenziswa kwazo?

OkuhlukileIzakhiwo Zamakhemikhaliiwa-amatumuna-itiyelabanesibopho ngqo sokuziphatha kwabo okuhlukile kanye nezicelo.Amatumu, ngokuba yinsalela kusukauwoyela ongahluziwe I-distillation, liqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-molecule amakhulu we-hydrocarbon, kufaka phakathi ama-asphaltenes, ama-resin kanye namafutha. Lezi zingxenye ziphaamatumuisimilo sayo-yicebo, -namathelayo, futhi-ngenamampulosoIzakhiwo, okwenza kube kuhle kakhuluisibophoingomane-qonde eceleniphakathi kwa-itiyelaimidwebo. -Kuthileukunamathelakumaminerali-qonde eceleniiqinile, futhi izakhiwo zayo zingashintshwa (e.g., Esebenzisa ama-polymers) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokuqondileumoyas noma ngaphansi kwemithwalo yethrafikhi enkulu. Noma kunjalo,amatumuingathambekele ku-oxidation kanye nokuguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi ube-phuka kalula.

Ibha yamalahle, okuvela kuUkudilizwa okubhubhisayo kwamalahle, ucebile ngaphakathiI-Aromatic hydrocarbons, kufaka phakathi ama-polycyclic aphungekile hydrocarbons (pahs). Lokhu ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyanikezaitiyelaukumelana okunamandla kwamanzi namakhemikhali, yingakho ibaluleke ngokuqinisekileumgwengwezikanye nezicelo ze-sealant. Noma kunjalo,itiyelangokuvamile iphakemeUkushisa okufudumelekuna-amatumu, okusho ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwayo kushintsha kakhulu ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa - kungathatheka kakhulu ekushiseni futhi-phuka kalulakumakhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwama-pahs kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezempilo nezemvelo, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukuxhumana ngqo noma ukufuya okungenzeka njengokudonsa.

LeziIzakhiwo Zamakhemikhalifaka ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuyisisekelo.Amatumukuhle kakhuluIzakhiwo ezinamathela, ukuzinza okuhlobene, kanye nezingozi zempilo eziphansi zenza ilungele amavolumu amakhulu adingekayoUkwakhiwa komgwaqo. ItiyelaUkumelana namakhemikhali athile kanye nesakhiwo sekhabhoni (endabeni yePitch) kwenze kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zezimboni ezinjengezinga lokushisa eliphakemeamabiya(e.g.,Ukushisa okuphakathi kwe-asphalt blockKuthathwe kusuka ku-Coal Tar Pitch) ye-electrodes, izigqoko ezikhethekile, kanye nokwakhiwa okuthile okwenziwa olwandle. Le khasiumehluko phakathi kwebitume ne-tarKwisakhiwo samakhemikhali yisizathu esemqoka ngeke siguquke ngokusetshenziswa okuningi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezejwayelekile ze-asphalt ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa?

Itiyelaakuyona into eyodwa - konke okulungiselelwe. -AhlukileIzinhlobo ze-asphaltIzingxube zenzelwe izinhloso ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathiUkwakhiwa komgwaqokanye nokunakekelwa. Ukuhluka kuvame ukubandakanya uhlobo nebanga leamatumuisetshenzisiwe, usayizi nohlobo lwe-qonde eceleni, isilinganiso sengxenye ngayinye, nokufakwa kwezinguquko. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekukhetheni okufanele kakhulu futhi-cecemi ngokweqileIsixazululo sephrojekthi enikeziwe.

Nazi ezinye ezivamileIzinhlobo ze-asphalt:

1. I-asphalt eshisayo eshisayo (HMA):Lolu uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwemigwaqo emikhulu egandayiwe,izindlela, futhiimigwaqo. -Qonde ecelenina-amatumuziyafuthelwa (kaningi phakathi300 no-350 degrees Celsius) futhi kuxutshwe anitiyelaTshala ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa esizeni, ebekwe, futhi ehlanganisiwe ngenkathi kushisa. Inikeza okuqinile,-qinile, futhi-bushelezi ngaphandle. Ukuhlukahluka okukhona ngaphakathi kwe-HMA, njengokuxubana okuminyene (ukusebenza okuhle kokuzungeza), i-matrix yamatsheitiyela(Sma) (ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-rut yethrafikhi esindayo), kanye nokuxuba okuvulelekile (ukudonsa okuhle, umsindo oncishisiwe).
2. I-asphalt efudumele ye-asphalt (WMA):Ifana ne-HMA, kepha ikhiqizwe futhi isetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (imvamisa 20-40 ° C ephansi). Lokhu kutholakala kusetshenziswa izithasiselo noma izinqubo ezinciphisaukuhlakaniphayeamatumu isibopho. I-WMA inikeza izinzuzo zemvelo (ukuphuma okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kawoyela okungaphansi) futhi kuvumela ukudonsa isikhathi eside ukudonsa amabanga kanye nokuphola kwesimo sezulu okupholile.
3. I-Asphalt ebandayo ebandayo:Lolu hlobo lusebenzisa aamatumu umusinoma ukusikekaamatumuLokho akudingi ukufudumala ukuze kufakwe isicelo. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imigodi, ukulungiswa kwesikhashana, noma ukuhlanganisa imigwaqo ephansi yomgwaqo nomaimigwaqo. Ngokuvamile kuncane-qinileKune-HMA kepha kulula futhi kushibhile ukufaka isicelo, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi emincane noma ezindaweni ezikude.
4. I-Mastic asphalt:Ingxube eminyene, engenalutho ephakemeamatumuokuqukethwe. Kuvame ukuthululwa kunokuba kugoqwe futhi kunikeze okuhle kakhulu-ngenamampulosoing futhiukuqina. Isetshenziselwe ukudonswa kwebhuloho, ukuphahla, ukubeka phansi, kanye nokukhethekileUmgwaqoIzicelo.
5. Asphalt asphalt:Lokhu kufaka ukungeza ama-polymers noma ezinye izindlela zokushintshaamatumu isibophoUkuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile njengokuqina, ukumelana ne-rutting noma ukuqhekeka, kanye nokusebenza kulo lonke uhla lwamazinga okushisa abanzi. Imikhiqizo efanaAsphalt eguquliwenomaAsphalt lokushisa eliphakemeWela kulesi sigaba, enzelwe izimo ezifunwayo.

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele kuncike ezintweni ezifana nevolumu yethrafikhi,umoya, isabelomali, esidingekayo sokuphila, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kweindlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo eseduze nomgwaqo.

Kungani ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa imikhiqizo ye-asphalt kanye ne-tar?

Okwezikhulu zokuthengwa kwempahla njengoMark Thompson, izinto zokwakhaitiyelaamabhitishi (amatumu) noma izimboniitiyelaimikhiqizo (efanaI-Coal Tar Pitch) kubandakanya okungaphezu kokuthola nje inani eliphansi kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside komkhiqizo wokugcina - kungabaUmgwaqo, i-aluminium anode, noma okuvikelayoumgwengwezi- Kuncike kakhulu kwizakhiwo ze-binder. Izinto ezingahambelani noma ezingekho emthethweni zingaholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukulungiswa okubizayo, isikhathi sokukhiqiza, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi evumelanayo iqala ngenqubo yokukhiqiza umphakeli. Abahlinzeki abathembekile, njengefektri yethu eChina ngemigqa yokukhiqiza engu-7, basebenzisa amasheke asezingeni eliphakeme ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene - kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezinto zokwakha ezingenayo (uwoyela ongahluziweizingxenyana zeamatumu, inkingaibha yamalahlenge-pitch) ukuqapha amapharamitha enqubo (I-distillationamazinga okushisa, izilinganiso zokuxuba) nokuhlola umkhiqizo wokugcina. Amapharamitha asemqoka weamatumuFaka phakathi ibanga lokungena (ubulukhuni), iphuzu lokuthambisa (ukumelana nokushisa), ukubonakala kanye nokukhohlisa. IngomaneI-Coal Tar Pitch, izinto ezibalulekile ziyiphuzu lokuthambisa, inani lokukhwehlela, ama-quinoline insolubles (qi), kanye ne-tolune insolubles (TI), okuthinta ukusebenza kwawo njengeisibophoku-electrodes.

Abathengi badinga isiqiniseko sokuthi lokho okutholayo kuhlangabezana nezincazelo ezidingekayozikhathi zonke. Lokhu kufaka ukucela amashidi acacisiwe acacisiwe, ukuqonda uhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomhlinzeki (isb. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, abathengi bangase benze izivivinyo zabo ezizimele kumasampula ngaphambi kokwamukela ukuthunyelwa. Ukutshala imali kwikhwalithi ephezulu kuvimbela izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ikhanda lekhanda phansi emgqeni ohambisana nokuhluleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kukhuthala kubalulekile lapho usebenzelana nezinto zokwakha ezifanaitiyelana-itiyela, lapho ukuhlukahluka okucashile kungawuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ukuhambisa izitifiketi kanye nokulalelwayo: Yini abathengi abanjengoMark Thompson kudingeka bazi

Ngale kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, abathengi bamazwe aphesheya abanjengoMark Thompson, Sourcingitiyelana-itiyelaImikhiqizo evela emazweni anjenge China noma iVietnam, abhekana nezinselelo ezihlobene nezitifiketi kanye nezinto zolwazi. Ukuqinisekisa ukungeniswa okubushelelezi nokugwema ukubambezeleka kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela kwalezi zici. Abahlinzeki badinga ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo eqondile futhi eqinisekisayo ukuze bahlangabezane nemithetho yokungenisa futhi banelise izidingo zomthengi.

Izitifiketi:Ukukhathazeka okusemqoka kuvame ukufaka:

• Ukuphathwa Kwekhwalithi:Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 sinikeza isiqinisekiso sohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi oluhlelekile.
• Ukuthobela imvelo:Ngokuya ngomkhiqizo nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphelele, izitifiketi ezihlobene namazinga ezemvelo (e.g., ISO 14001) noma imithetho ethile yempahla (njengokufinyelela eYurophu) kungadingeka. Abathengi kumele baqaphele inkohliso yesitifiketi, iphuzu lobuhlungu elaziwayo, futhi kufanele liqinisekise ukuqinisekiswa ngokuzimela uma kungenzeka.
• Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo:Izitifiketi zokuhlaziywa (COA) nge-batch ngayinye, okuqinisekisa ukuthiitiyela, amatumu, nomaitiyelaUmkhiqizo uhlangabezana nokucaciswa okuvunyelwene ngakho, kubalulekile.

Logistics:Izinto ezisebenza kahle zibalulekile ukugwema ukubambezeleka kokuthumela, okungaphazamisa amashejuli wokukhiqiza. Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kufaka phakathi:

• Ukupakishwa:Imikhiqizo efanaI-Coal Tar Pitchnoma okuqinileamatumuingahle ithunyelwe ezikhwameni, izigubhu, noma emabhulokini aqinile. Uketsheziamatumuidinga amathangi noma amathangi akhethekile afudumele. Ukupakishwa okufanele kuvimbela ukungcoliswa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphephile.
• Imibandela yokuthumela (ama-Inoterms):Ukuchaza ngokusobala izibopho zokuthumela, umshuwalense, kanye nokukhishwa kwemvume (isb., FOB, CIF) kubalulekile.
• Imigqa yokuthumela nezikhathi zokuhamba:Ukusebenza ngemigqa yokuthumela ethembekile kanye nokuqonda amaqiniso izikhathi zokuhamba kuyasiza ekuhleleni.
• Imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke:Ukuqinisekisa yonke imibhalo edingekayo (invoice yezentengiso, uhlu lokupakisha, inkokhelo yokulayisha, izitifiketi) inembile futhi ihlinzekwe ngokushesha kusiza imvume yamasiko abushelelezi ezweni eliya kulo (E.G. I-USA).
• Ukuxhumana:Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kusuka kumphakeli maqondana nesimo sokuthumela, ukubambezeleka okungenzeka, kanye nemibhalo kubalulekile. Ukuxhumana okungasebenzi kungukukhungatheka okukhulu kwabathengi.

Ukubhekana nalawa maphuzu e-ProActioly - Ukuxoxa ngezidingo ngokucacile, ukuqinisekisa amakhono abahlinzeki, kanye nokusungula iziteshi zokuxhumana ezicacile - kunganciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana nokuthola amandla omhlaba wonketar and asphaltimikhiqizo.

Ukukhetha umphakeli wakho: Izici ezingaphezu kwentengo ye-asphalt kanye ne-bitumen

Ngenkathi izintengo zokuncintisana zihlala ziyisici, izikhulu zokuthengwa kwempahla ezinolwazi ziyaqonda ukuthi ukukhetha umphakeli wezinto ezibalulekile ezifanaitiyela, amatumu, nomaibha yamalahleImikhiqizo ifaka ukuhlola okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezindleko ngethani ngalinye. Ukuthembela, ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi, ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuxhumana ngokulinganayo, uma kungenjalo, kubalulekile ekubambisaneni kwesikhathi eside okuphumelelayo. Ukusongela kusuka emazweni asathuthuka afana neChina anganikeza izinzuzo zezindleko, kepha kudinga umphakeli ngokucophelela.

Izici ezibalulekile okufanele ucabangele lapho ukhetha umphakeli:

1. Irekhodi elifakazelwe kanye nesipiliyoni:Funa amafektri asungulwe ngeminyaka yesipiliyoni ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ethile oyidingayo (e.g.,i-medium yokushisa asphalt, asphalt lokushisa eliphakeme, I-Coal Tar Pitch). Isipiliyoni sivame ukuhumusha kunqubo engcono yokulawula futhi amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga. -KwethuIfektri ephezulu ye-Coal Tar Pitch kanye nomhlinzekiUbunikazi bukhuluma lokhu.
2. Umthamo wokukhiqiza namandla:Qinisekisa ukuthi umphakeli unamandla anele (njengemigqa yethu engu-7 yokukhiqiza) ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zakho zevolumu ngokungaguquki futhi angakhiqiza amamaki athile noma imikhiqizo eshintshiwe oyidingayo.
3. Izinhlelo Zokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi:Qinisekisa izinqubo zabo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphakeme kanye nezitifiketi (ISO 9001). Ngabe bazimisele ukuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-batch futhi bahlalise ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu?
4. Ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe:Noma umthengi engeyena uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe, umphakeli kufanele abe nabasebenzi abanolwazi abangakwazi ukuxoxa ngezincazelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngenkathi uMark Thompson uyazi ukuthengisa, ukuba nomhlinzeki ukuxhumana nayeiyakwenzaQonda uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lubalulekile.
5. Ukuxhumana nokuphendula:Hlola indlela yabo yokuxhumana. Ngabe bayashesha, bacacile, futhi basebenze? Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izingqinamba kanye nokuphatha izingodo ngokushelela, ukubhekana nephuzu lezinhlungu.
6. I-Logistics & Izincwadi:Hlola ulwazi lwabo ngokuthumela ezweni lakho (e-USA, eYurophu, njll.). Bangakwazi ukuphatha ukufakwa okudingekayo, ukuhlelwa kokuthumela, futhi kunikeze amadokhumenti anembile ngokuthembekile?
7. Ukwethenjwa nokwethenjelwa:Funa ukucaca kanye nokuzimisela ukwakha ubuhlobo besikhathi eside. Izinkomba noma ukuvakasha kwesiza (uma kungenzeka) kungasiza ekwakheni ukuzethemba. Ukuya emboniniImibukisokuyindlela enhle yokuhlangana nabathengisi ubuso nobuso futhi bagade ubuchwepheshe babo.

Ukugxila kuphela ngentengo ephansi kakhulu kungaholela ezindlekweni ezibalulekile ezifihliwe ezihlobene nekhwalithi engemihle, ukubambezeleka kokuthumela, noma ukwehla kwezokuxhumana. Umphakeli othembekile ungumlingani empumelelweni yakho.

Umgwaqo Olandelayo: Ukusimama kanye nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha embonini ye-asphalt

Ikusasa leUkwakhiwa komgwaqokanyeitiyelaImboni iyagxila kakhulu ekusimeni kanye nokuzibophezela kwezemvelo. LaphoitiyelaAma-Pavs avele waziwa ngawoukuqinafuthi ngokulinganayo-cecemi ngokweqileIzindleko zokuphila, imizamo iyaqhubeka ukubenza babe luhlaza.Sebenzisa kabushaIdlala indima enkulu kulokhu.

I-Asphalt Pavementkungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Asphalt Pavement (rap) ingasuswa emigwaqweni yakudala, ichotshoziwe, futhi ifakwe ku-Inder Exp Exitiyela. Usebenzisa i-rap kunciphisa isidingo sentombi ntoamatumuna--qonde eceleni, ukulondolozela izinsiza zemvelo kanye nokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Amaphesenti aphezulu e-rap angasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza kweparemitha, okwenzaitiyelaukukhetha okuqhubekayo kakhuluindawo yomgwaqo. Amasu afana nokuxubana okufudumeleItiyela(W-WMA) futhi nomthelela ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha nokuphuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ama-Bio-Binders (athathwe ngowoyela osuselwa kwizitshalo noma imfucumfucu) njengengxenye engxenye noma ephelele ye-petroleum esekelweamatumu. Ukusungulwa kwe-Pavement Design kuhlose ukudala imigwaqo ehlala isikhathi eside ("Izindlela ezihlala njalo") ezidinga ukuvuselelwa komhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile kunokuba kwakhiwe kabusha, kunciphise umthelela wezemvelo kanye nezindleko zokuphila. Umkhakha ubuye wahlola izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kweitiyelaKusetshenziswa ama-modifiers athuthukile kanye nezithasiselo, okuholela emaphandeni avumelane kangcono nethrafikhi esindayo nokubi ngokweqileumoyaIzimo, zelula impilo yabo yenkonzo futhi zifaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenkathi izinto zendabuko zithandaamatumuhlala ubusa, idrayivu ebheke ezindaweni eziluhlaza okotshani ikwenza kabushaitiyelaukubukeka komhlaba.

I-Key Takeaways: Asphalt vs tar vs bitumen

Ukufingqa ngokushesha amaphuzu asemqoka:

• I-Bitumen:Omnyama,-yicebo, -namathelayo isibophokususelwa kuI-distillationiwa-uwoyela ongahluziwe (i-petroleum). Yi- "glue" ngaphakathiitiyelaumgwaqo.
• I-TAR (I-COAL TAR):Omnyama,Uketshezi oluningikukhiqizwe yi-Ukudilizwa okubhubhisayo kwamalahle. Ngokwehluka kwamakhemikhali kusukaamatumu, okuqukethwe okuphezulu okunamakha nokukhathazeka ngempilo okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwalo ekuhambeni kwalo. Kusabalulekile ukuthola ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni (e.g., ama-electrode ama-electrode afanaI-Coal Tar Pitch).
• Asphalt (umgwaqo):Impahla eyinhlanganisela eyenziwe ngokuxubanaamatumu(Theisibopho) nge-qonde eceleni(amatshe, isihlabathi, amatshe). Le ngxube yakha okuhlala isikhathi esidengaphandleimigwaqo,imigwaqo, njll.
• Umehluko Osemqoka:Imvelaphi (i-petroleumvs.amalahle), Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (i-Aliphatic vs. phuma), izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambili, kanye namaphrofayili wezempilo ahambisana nawo.
• Ukubopha Namuhla: Amatumu-Iseditiyelakuyindinganiso yesimanjeUkwakhiwa komgwaqoNgenxa yokusebenza okungcono kanye nezingozi zezempilo eziphansi ziqhathaniswaitiyela. Itiyelaakuvamile ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukudonsa imigwaqo emisha.
• Izindaba zekhwalithi:Ikhwalithi engaguquki, izitifiketi ezithembekile, kanye nokuhlelwa kahle kwezinto ezisebenzayo zibalulekile lapho zitholaitiyelaama-linders nomaitiyelaimikhiqizo emazweni aphesheya. Ukukhetha umphakeli ofanele kubandakanya ukubheka ngaphezu kwentengo nje.
• Ukusimama:Le khasiitiyelaimboni igxile kakhulusebenzisa kabusha(Rap) kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obufana ne-WMA ne-Bio-Binders.

Ukuqonda lokhu umehluko kusiza ekukhetheni izinto ezifanele kanye nabaphakeli bezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokwakha nezimboni.