Asphalt eguquliwe
Isingeniso Somkhiqizo
I-asphalt eguquliwe iqinile eqinile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, aqinisa ngokuqinile ngokuqinile ngokuqinile ngama-shell-like fractures emanzini athile, ethula isigaba sengilazi; Alikho iphuzu elithile lokuncibilika, lincibilika ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile, futhi akukho mthelela we-thermal ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina. Ukwakheka kwe-asphalt kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuhlanganiswa ama-hydrocarbons amnandi anezindandatho ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, kanye nama-heterocyclic amakhompiyutha aqukethe izinto ezinjenge-oksijini, nenani elincane lezinto eziphakeme zekhabhoni.
I-asphalt eguquliwe uhlobo lwe-asphalt olusetshenziswa ngokujulile kusuka ku-coal tal noma izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo asphalt. Izici zalo ziyiphuzu eliphakeme lokuthambisa, inani eliphakeme le-carbon elisalayo, okuqukethwe kwe-tolune insoluble of 25%, kanye ne-quinoline insoluble okuqukethwe okungaphansi kwama-8%. Lapho ukhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhabhoni usebenzisa i-Coal Tar Pitch njengento eluhlaza, izidingo ezihlukile zibekwa endaweni ethambile. Isibonelo, ama-electrodes adinga i-105-115 ℃, ama-anode adinga ama-95-105 ℃, indawo ephezulu yokuthambisa, inani eliphakeme lokuphonsa, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-toluune, okukhulisa amandla wemishini yemikhiqizo yekhabhoni. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba nokubumba, i-asphalt ikhipha intuthu encane, inciphise ukungcoliswa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu athambile kanye nokushisa okushisa kuphumela ekuzinzeni okuphezulu okushisayo, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yekhabhoni. I-COAL TOAR Asphsl ihlukaniswe ngehlukaniswe nge-asphalt ye-asphalt kanye ne-asphalt eqinile. I-asphalt eluhlaza ayinawo amanzi futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngabakhiqizi, kepha idinga izinto zokuhamba zethangi elikhethekile. I-asphalt eqinile kumele incibilikiswe ukuze isuse umswakama ngaphambi kokuthi isetshenziswe njenge-binder noma i-ejenti yokufaka umnyuziki wezinto zekhabhoni.
I-Moviefied asphalt isetshenziswa embonini ye-Aluminium Electrolysis ukukhiqiza ama-anodod abhakwe ngaphambili, ukukhiqiza izinduku ze-electrode eziphakeme, kanye nama-graphite ama-crucibles, futhi nakho kungasetshenziswa njengezinhloso ze-elektrode. I-asphalt ephezulu yokushisa inezici zekhabhoni ebekiwe, i-inferin in toluene, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin, nokuqukethwe okuphansi komlotha. Kusetshenziswe kabanzi ezitshalweni zekhabhoni, amabhlokhi we-anode abhakwe ngaphambili, ama-graphite ama-electron, ama-carbon aculiwe, izinto zokulungisa izintambo zensimbi, izinto zokulungisa izifuna, kanye nezinto zokwakha kabusha, kanye nezinto zokuphikisa kabusha. Njengesengezo sezinto zokwakha zekhabhoni, ingadlala indima eBonding naseCarbonisation, ithuthukise ukumelana nokushisa komkhiqizo okuphezulu komkhiqizo.
I-Modified Coal Tar Pitch idlala indima ebalulekile ku-electrolysis ye-aluminium ezitshalweni ze-aluminium. Ngokuqondile, indima yayo ibonakala ikakhulu kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Njenge-Binder: I-Modified Coal Tar Pitch iyi-Binder eyinhloko esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamabhlokhi we-anode abhakwe ngaphambili we-electroly aluminium. Amabhulokhi we-anode abhakwe ngaphambili angamabhulokhi e-carbon enziwe ngama-aggregates anjenge-petroleum coke kanye ne-asphalt coke, kanye nama-asphalt tatch njengezixhumanisi zama-electrolys cell. I-Coal Tar Pitch ingahlanganisa ngokuqinile ama-bond ndawonye, yakha izinto ze-anode ngamandla athile nokuvuselelwa, ngaleyo ndlela ngenze ngcono ukusebenza kwamaseli we-electrolytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium.
- Vikela ukwakheka kwe-aluminium oxide: Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-electrolytic aluminium, i-aluminium ion ifakwa kalula e-aluminium oxide, engagcini nje ngokuthinta i-oxidation ye-aluminium kodwa futhi iholela ekungcoleni kwamandla. Ezinye izakhi eziku-Modified Coal tal pitch zingavimba ukwakheka kwe-aluminium oxide, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno se-aluminium.
Ukuthuthuka okuthuthukile: I-Modified Coal Tar Pitch ingathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo nokuvuselelwa kwe-electrolyte, okuvumela ukuthi kube lula ukugeleza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-electrolytic aluminium.
- Njengokubekwa uphawu kokubekwa uphawu kanye ne-adsorption: phezulu nangaphansi kweseli ye-electrolytic, i-modifid taal tal pitch ingakha ukufakwa kwe-electrolyte nokungena ku-electrolytic cell, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinsimbi kweseli le-electrolytic. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungaba ne-adsorb futhi ususe amagesi alimazayo kanye nokungcola kweseli ye-electrolytic, ngcono ikhwalithi ye-electrolyte kanye nobumsulwa bokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium.
- Ngamafuphi, i-Modified Coal Tar Pitch idlala izindima eziningi nge-electrolysis ye-aluminium ezitshalweni ze-aluminium, kufaka phakathi ukubopha ama-alumina, ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka, ukubekwa uphawu, kanye ne-adsorption. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-aluminium electrolysis, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-aluminium.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Indlela ye-Thermal Polymerization yokuguqulwa kwe-asphalt ivame ukwamukela inqubo eqhubekayo ye-kettle, futhi i-kettle yokusabela ingasebenza engcindezi emkhathini noma ingezwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwengcindezelo yezulu, i-asphalt eshisayo igeleza eKettele esuka esigabeni sesibili se-Evaporator yesibili ye-Coal tar distillation unit futhi ifudunyezwa ku-kettle ukwengeza i-asphalt eguquliwe. I-asphalt eguquliwe igelezela ethangini eliphakathi le-asphalt eliguquliwe ngokwalo futhi bese lithunyelwa ethangini eliphakeme le-asphalt ngokusebenzisa elipholile. Ngemuva kokupholisa kwemvelo ku-150-180 ℃, kubekwa emshinini wokupholisa wokupholisa asphalt ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-columnar. Amafutha negesi akhishwe esiqongweni sefomu le-reactor flash flash oil kanye negesi engabonakali ephelelwe yi-condenser. Lapho usebenzisa umsebenzi wokuhlola, i-asphalt eshisayo idlula ethangini eliphakathi nendawo le-asphalt eliphakathi nendawo futhi ligcwele i-kettle yokuphendula. Ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-kettle igcinwa ngo-0.5 ~ 1.2MPA, kanti okunye kuyafana nenqubo eqhubekayo yengcindezi yomoya we-kettle. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-armoskeric cressresteres armerization, izinzuzo ze-thermal polymerization zithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi ukuwohloka okushisayo, okubangelwa ekukhuphukeni okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwezakhi zama-asphalt aphansi, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwenani le-asphalt elilungisiwe. Lapho izinga lokushisa elithambisa lidinga ukwandiswa, ipompo ye-vacuum ingaqalwa ukulungisa iziqu ze-vacuum phezulu kwe-flash distillation tower, ivele ivele ngokuqukethwe kawoyela kwi-asphalt elungisiwe; Lapho kunesidingo sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa elithambisa, uwoyela we-flash ungafafazwa embhoshongweni we-flash. Isivuno se-asphalt elungisiwe sisebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo njengento eluhlaza ~ 96% ~ 96%, kanye nesivuno se-asphalt elungisiwe sisebenzisa i-COAL TAR njenge-58% ~ 60%.
Okuhlosiwe
I-Moviefied asphalt isetshenziswa embonini ye-Aluminium Electrolysis ukukhiqiza amabhlokhi we-anode abhakiwe, ukukhiqiza izinduku ze-electrode ephezulu, ama-graphite ama-clan, futhi nawo angasetshenziswa njengama-electrode, futhi angasetshenziswa njengama-electrode ama-linder, izibopho zezinto ezibonakalayo, njll.
Iphakethe lethani lamathani
Isikhwama esilukiwe, kufanelekile.
