Ukutyhilelwa yinyani malunga neCoal Tar kunye ne-Coal-Tatch ye-Coal-Tat: Ukhuseleko, ukuchongwa, kunye nokuqonda kwelebhu eluphahleni lwakho nangaphaya

I-Coal Tar-Tatch ye-coal-tetch zizinto ezivelelayo ezifumaneka kwizicelo ezininzi zophuhliso, ukusuka kwiiprojekthi zophahla kwimveliso ye-aluminium. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza nabo kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweepropathi zabo, iingozi ezinokubakho, kunye neukhuselekoAmanyathelo afunekayo ukukhusela abasebenzi. Eli nqaku lidla imiba ebalulekileyo yeI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch, egxile kwiemsebenzini ukhuseleko kunye nempilo, umngcipheko onxulumene neI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(CTPVs), kunye neendlela zaboisazisikunye nolawulo kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngaphakathiuphahlaizicelo kwayeelebhuUhlalutyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde nabani na onjengoMarkoni, igosa lokuthengwa kwempahla e-USA, okanye oochwephesha kwi-Aluminium smelters, iinyibilika zensimbi, kwayeukwakhiwaabaphatha ezi zixhobo. Njenge-allen, umnini wefektri e-China enemigca yesixhenxe kwimveliso yokuthumela ngaphandleUmgangatho ophezulu womzi-mveliso we-Tar Tat kunye nomthengisiEhlabathini jikelele, ndifuna ukwabelana ngokuqonda okusebenzayo ukukunceda ukuqinisekiseUkhuseleko lwendawokunye nokuthotyelwa, ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa kuqeshwa iimveliso ezinjenge-Coal tar kunye nepetroleumi-coke.

Ukuqonda iziseko: Yintoni amalahle e-coal tat-tatch?

Ke, yintoni kanye kanye esithetha ngayo xa sikhankanyaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch? I-coal tar yi-tertick, i-all emnyama, ai-byproductifunyenwe xa i-calbonned ifakwe i-coke (njengaphakathiUkuveliswa kweCoke) okanye iphazamiseke ukwenzaI-Coal Desiiimveliso. Cinga ngayo njengomxube ontsonkothileyo wamawakawakaImichiza yemichiza. Xa lo mhlaItekisi ichithiwe, yahlulahlula amaqhezu ahlukeneyo, kunye nenye yeemveliso eziphambili kuleUkudibanaInkqubo yi-coal-tail ye-coal-tatch. Le pitch yiintsalelaishiywe emva kwe-coal coal tag. Ingaqala ukusuka kwizinto ezithambileyo, eziziimitha ezitywiniweyo, ziqinile, kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bediliya.

IukwakhiwayeI-coal tar okanye i-coal-tarIimveliso zintsonkothileyo, ikakhulu ziqukaI-Hydrocarbons, kubandakanyaI-Polycyclic ye-phydcrocarbrocarbons(Pahs). InxenyeImijelo ye-Coal-TARCHCHES ibandakanyaAbo baguqulwe kwiipropathi ezahlukeneyo okanye amaqondo obushushu. UyakufumanaI-coal tar isetyenzisiweKuluhlu oluninzi lwezicelo. Umzekelo, yinto ebalulekileyo kwiIzixhobo zokuGcina uphahla(njengephahla),indlelaAbathengisi, ukukhuselaukuthuthumelaizicelo, kunye ne-binder ekwenzeni i-elektronikiImveliso ye-aluminiumkunye nokuthambisa. Ibiyimbaliisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ulusuIimeko ezifanai-psoriasisNangona oku kusetyenziswa ngoku kulawulwa ngononophelo ngenxa yenkxalabo yezempilo enokubakho. Ukuqonda le asisisekoisazisilinyathelo lokuqala lokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo.

Njengomvelisi, sivelisa iifom ezahlukeneyo, ezinjeI-Coal Tar Pitch Flakesekulula ukuyiphatha kunye nokuhambisa. Inqanaba elithile le-pitch-yingozi ephakathi, ubushushu obuphezulu, okanye ukuguqulwa - kumisela ukufaneleka kwayo kwisicelo esithile. Amashishini anjengeaphawuji ye-thompson, ezibonelela ngezi zixhobo kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, esazi umthombo kunye neepropathi ezisisiseko sisiseko soqinisekiso lomgangatho kwayeukhuseleko.

Kutheni le nto ukuvezwa komsebenzi kwi-Coal Tall Polits (CTPVs) eyona nto iphambili?

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zenkxalaboemsebenziniuseto yileUkuvezwa kwe-coal taptIi-Voltalits, ezihlala zaziwa njenge-CTPVs. Xa i-contal tatch okanye i-tetch-tetch ishushu-njengoko ihlala ikwizicelo ezinje ngophahla, ukuhambisa, okanye ukunyibilika kwe-aluminium-ikhulula le ntetho. I-CTPVs ngumxube ontsonkothileyo we-Airbornet Net kunye ne-vapors, kubandakanya i-pahs ezininzi, ezinye zazo zaziwa okanye zikrokrexwa,benzene. Leukungakhuselekiinokwenzekainhalation, umnxibelelanisi wolusu, okanyeingetionUkuba iindlela ezilungileyo zokucoceka azilandelwa.

Inqanaba lomngcipheko ukusukaI-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesihlala ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: Iuxinzeleloyee-ctpvs emoyeni, ixesha leukungakhuseleki, okhethekileyoikhemikhali ukwakhiwaKwii-volatits, kwaye amanyathelo olawulo akhoyo. Abasebenzi kumashishini anjeukutshataimisebenzi,i-cokeIzityalo ze-oveni, i-aluminium shlelting, kunye nendlelaipoveIngqondo iphakathi kwabo banokujongana nkuluemsebenzini Ukuvezwa kweCoal Tar. Kubanini beshishini abanjengoMark Thompson, ukuqonda ezi zixhobo zibalulekile kungekuphela nje kwimisebenzi yabo ukuba bajongana nezixhobo kodwa kunye nokucebisa abathengi baboukhuseleko kunye nempiloIiprotokholi. Inokubakho kwiziphumo zempilo yexesha elide ezenza ulawuloukungakhuselekiukuya kwi-ctpvs eyona nto iphambili kuyoImpilo nokhuselekokwiemsebenzini.

Kumaziko ethu, sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda le mingcipheko. Sikholelwa ukuba ulwazi ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela. Ukufundisa iqela lethu kwaye, ngokwandiswa, abathengi bethu malungaIi-ctpvsnokubaluleka kokunciphisaUkuvezwa kweCoal Taryinxalenye ephambili yokuzibophelela kwethu kuukhuseleko. Le ndlela esebenzayo ibalulekile ekugcineni abasebenzi abaphilayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umphathi wemveliso onoxanduva.

Sisenza njani isaziso esichanekileyo kunye nesampulu yelebhu yemveliso yamalahle?

ZichanekileisazisikwayeelebhuUhlalutyo lubalulekile ekulawuleni umngcipheko onxulumene neI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch. Oku kuqala ngokuqonda imveliso ethile onayo. Amabakala ahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zesandi yeCarli yeCart ziya kuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo amacandelo aqinisekileyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Umzekelo, bethuIbhloko yeqondo eliphakathi le-Asphaltiya kuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo kuneqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. KufanelekileisazisiKubandakanya ukwazi lo mthombo, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa, kunye nokufikelela kwiinkcazo zemveliso eneenkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha zedatha yoKhuseleko (i-SDS).

Xa kufikwa kuvavanyoemsebenzini ukungakhuseleki, ISampulu kunye noHlaziyoIindlela zobuchule ziyaqashwa. Oku kubandakanya ukuqokelela umoyaisampulus ukusuka kwimimandla yokuphefumla yabasebenzi okanye ukusuka ngokubanziemsebenziniiindawo aphoI-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesinokubakho. Ezi sampulu zithunyelwa kwi-ofisi efanelekileyoelebhuyohlalutyo. Ilebhu iya kuhlala ihlalutya i-pahs ethile okanye iqhezu elinyibilikayo le-Benzene elipheleleyo, elingumlinganiso oqhelekileyo wee-CTPvs. Iziphumo zokuISampulu kunye noHlaziyonceda cekeuxinzeleloye-ctpvs kwaye ithelekise ngokuchaseneemsebenzini Ukuveza imida. Le datha ibalulekile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamanyathelo olawulo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwaummiselos.

Igosa lokuthenga njengempahla yokuthengwa kwempahla efana noMark, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengisi babonelela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo lwemveliso kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ukuxhasa idatha yohlalutyo isitshixo. Kuyanceda ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokubonelela abathengi bakhe ngolwazi olufanelekileyo lwezaboukhuselekoUvavanyo. Kumzi-mveliso wethu, siqhuba ulawulo oluphambili oluphambili, olubandakanyaelebhuUkuvavanywa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu zivumelana ngqo kunye nokubonelela ngendlela elubala ngayo abathengi bethu malunga nezinto abazifumanayo.

Ukuhambahamba komhlaba olawulayo: Yintoni izikhokelo ze-Osha kunye nezikhokelo ze-wiosh ze-wiosh ye-coal tar?

Ukuqonda kunye nokubambelela kwimigaqo yeyona nto iphambili xa ujongene nezinto ezifanaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch. E-United States, uLawulo lweMpilo noLawulo lwezeMpilo (Osha) yeyona nto iphambiliiarhenteInoxanduva lokumisela kunye nokunyanzelisa indawo yomsebenziukhuseleko kunye nempiloimigangatho.Osha'sIMIMISELO Injongoumdaumsebenziukungakhuselekikwizinto ezinobungozi, kubandakanyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies. Ngokukodwa, i-Osha inomda omiselweyo oqinisekisiweyo (i-PEL) ye-CTPVs, eqhele ukulinganiswa njengeqhezu elinyibilikiswe lilonke. Le pel inyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni, kwaye nabaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umsebenziukungakhuselekiayidluli okuumda.

IZiko leSizwe lokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nezeMpilo (I-niosh), Inxalenye yamaziko okulawulwa kwezifo kunye nokuthintela (i-CDC), idlala indima eyahlukileyo kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu.I-nioshYenza uphando kwaye wenze izindululo zokuthintela ukulimala kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi. NgelixaI-nioshImida yokuvezwa kwayo (i-rels) ayibophelelanga ngokusemthethweniOshaIipels, zihlala zingqongqo kwaye zisekwe ekuqondeni kwezenzululwazi nje. Iinkampani ezininzi zikhetha ukulandelaI-nioshIzikhokelo njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhuselaumsebenziimpilo. ZombiniOshakwayeI-nioshNika izixhobo ezibanzi kwiUkuvezwa komsebenzi kwi-Coal tar, Unxibelelwano olunobungozi, kunye namanyathelo olawulo. IummiseloKuwo onke la machiza yenzelwe ukukhusela abasebenzi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba nabani na aphathaI-coal tar okanye i-coal-tarIimveliso ezazi kwaye zithobele le migangatho. Ezi mpembelelo ngqoUkhuseleko lwendawo.

Iinkampani ezinjengeMarko, zeziphi izinto ezivela kumazwe anjengeTshayina, kubalulekile ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba iimveliso, ekufikeni nasekusetyenziselwe ukuthotyelwa kweziUkuveza imida. Oku kugxininisa isidingo sonxibelelwano olucacileyo nabathengisi malunga neenkcazo zemveliso kunye neziqulatho ezinokubakho. Thina, njengomthengisi, sikuqonda oku kwaye sizame ukubonelela bonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukunceda abathengi bethu bafezekise ezi mfuneko.

Luthini umsebenzi wemngcipheko wezempilo kwimpilo esuka e-Bedzene kunye nezinye ii-CTPVs?

Imingcipheko yezempilo enxulumene nayoUkuvezwa kweCoal Tarkunye nee-volits zayo, ngakumbi i-ctpvs efanabenzenekunye nezinyePahs(i-polynuclear ye-romaticic hydrocarbons okanye i-polycyclic i-hydrocarbonss), yinkxalabo ebalulekileyoumsebenzi ukhuseleko kunye nempilo. Ixesha elifutshaneukungakhuselekiInokubangela ukucaphukisa ulusu, amehlo, kunye nephecana lokuphefumla. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukubomvu, ukurhafisa, iimvakalelo ezivuthayo, kunye nokungapheliyo. Abanye abantu banokuthi bafumane ifoto, kuthetha isikhumba sabo siba nengqondo ngakumbi kwilanga emvaukungakhuseleki.

Ixesha elide okanye eliphindaphindiweyoemsebenzini ukungakhuselekiithwala umngcipheko omkhulu.I-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesbahlelwa njenge-carcinogens eyaziwayo. Ixesha elideinhalationokanye unxibelelwano lwesikhumba nge-CTPVs, kubandakanyabenzene. Oku kubandakanyaUmhlaza wolusu(ngakumbi umhlaza we-melanoma we-melanoma),umhlaza wemiphunga, ibhediumhlaza, kwayeizintsoUmhlaza. IInkqubo ye-Toolognology'sXela nge-carcinogensuluhluI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatchNjengoko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carcinogens yomntu. Ngaphaya komhlaza, okungapheliyoukungakhuselekiInokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zesikhumba, ezinje nge-warts okanye i-folliculitis, kunye nokulimaza amanye amalungu. Ngelixa amanye amalungiselelo amalahleisetyenziselwa ukuphatha ulusuIimeko ezifanai-psoriasisphantsi kweliso lonyango, engalawulwaemsebenzini ukungakhuselekiNgaba ngokwahlukileyo kwaye kubeka izoyikiso zempilo ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuqonda ezi ngcipheko zempilo ethile, ukusuka ekucaphukisweni okuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezibi ngathi ngumhlaza, kubalulekile. Igxininisa ukuba kutheni ukubambelela kunyangoUkuveza imida.umsebenzi ityhilwe ngamalahleIimveliso zeteyiti.

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo olubanzi lomngcipheko: Amanyathelo olawulo lwemizi-mveliso?

Umngcipheko ocokisekileyouvavanyolilitye lembombo lokulawulaemsebenziniIngozi enxulumeneI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatchnangayiphi naishishiniukuseta. Injongo kukuchonga imithombo enokubakho yeukungakhuselekiukuyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies, Vavanya umngcipheko, kwaye uphumeze amanyathelo olawulo olusebenzayo ukuthintelaungcolisekokwaye ukhuseleumsebenziimpilo. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni okuhleUmgangatho womoyakwiemsebenzini.

Nantsi indlela jikelele yokuqhuba umngciphekouvavanyo:

1. Chonga iingozi:Fumana ukuba uphi kwaye kunokuba njani abasebenziityhilwe kwi-coal tariimveliso. Oku kubandakanya imisebenzi enjengokufudumeza, ukugalela, ukutshiza, okanye izinto ezisikiweyo ezinendawo yamalahle. Qwalasela zonke iindlela ezinokubakho zeukungakhuseleki: inhalationIi-CTPvs, unxibelelwano lwesikhumba kunyeinto, kwaye ngengoziingetion.
2. Chonga ukuba ngubani onokwenzakala kwaye njani:Dwelisa abasebenzi okanye amaqela abasebenzi abasemngciphekweni kwaye bachaze iziphumo zempilo ezinokubakho, njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili.
3. Vavanya umngcipheko kwaye uthathe isigqibo malunga nezilumkiso:
   • Ukulinganisa okanye ukuqikelela inqanaba leukungakhuseleki. Oku kunokubandakanyaUmgangatho womoyaUkubeka iliso kwi-CTPVuxinzelelo.
   • Thelekisa la la manqanaba kwiemsebenzini Ukuveza imida(E.G.,OshaIipels,I-nioshI-Rels).
   • Ukubeka phambili umngcipheko kwaye ubone ukuba ulawulo olukhoyo lunele okanye ukuba kufuneka lwenziwe.
4. Ukumiliselwa amanyathelo olawulo:Landela i-hierarchy yolawulo:
   • Ukupheliswa / ukufakelwa endaweni:Ukuba kunokwenzeka, buyisela iimveliso zeArtal ye-Coal ezineendlela ezikhuselekileyo. (Oku kuhlala kungabi nakho ngenxa yeemfuno zomsebenzi).
   • Ulawulo lobuNjineli:Ukumiliselwa kweenkqubo zokwenza umoya
   • Ulawulo lolawulo:Guqula iinkqubo zomsebenzi, njengokulinganiselwaukungakhuselekiIxesha, libonelela ngoqeqesho, kunye nokuqinisekisa iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko.
   • Izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE):Nikeza kwaye uqinisekise ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwabaphengululi, iigloves, kunye nempahla ekhuselayo njengomgca wokuzikhusela.
5. Rekhoda iziphumo kwaye uzinze:Uxwebhu lomngciphekouvavanyo, Ulawulo lugqitywe, kwaye naluphi na uqeqesho olunikiweyo.
6. Hlaziya kwaye uhlaziye:Hlaziya rhoqo umngciphekouvavanyo(E.G., qho ngonyaka, okanye xa iinkqubo zitshintsha) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala isebenza.

Kumnini-mkhosi njengoMakishi Thompson, ukuqonda okuuvavanyoInkqubo ixabisekile, nokuba ayiqhubi ngqo. Kuyamnceda ukubaluleka kweukhuselekoUlwazi alufumana kubathengisi kwaye ludlulele kubathengi bakhe. Ukuthintelaungcolisekokunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuselekileemsebenziniluxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo.

Ngaphaya kwemigaqo: Amanyathelo okhuseleko emsebenzini asebenze emsebenzini

Ngelixa unamatheleOshakwayeI-nioshIzikhokelo zisisiseko, esisebenzayoumsebenzi ukhuselekoamanyathelo ahamba ngakumbi inyathelo ngakumbi ukwenza ukhuselekileemsebenziniIndawo yokusingathaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch. Oku kubandakanya ukwahlulahlulaukhuselekoinkcubeko apho yonkeumsebenziuzibandakanya kwaye uxhotyisiwe. Imalunga nokudibana nje ubuncinciummiselo; Imalunga nokuzabalazela imigangatho ephezulu yeImpilo nokhuseleko.

Amanyathelo aphambili aphezulu aqukayo:

• Uqeqesho olupheleleyo:Abasebenzi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olucokisekileyo kungekuphela nje kwiingozi zeI-Coal TA Gala i-volallieskunye nezinyeImichiza yemichizaEfumanekayo, kodwa nakwiinkqubo zomsebenzi ngokukhuselekileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwePPE (njengabaphengululi kunye neenkqubo zegxalethi), ukuhlamba izandla (E.G., ukungatshayi kwiindawo zomsebenzi). Olu qeqesho kufuneka luqhubeke kwaye luhlaziywe rhoqo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kunye nokuhlolwa:Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokuhlolwa kwempilo enokukunceda ekuqaleniisazisiyayo nayiphi na imiba yezempilo enxulumeneukungakhuseleki. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhangela okuqhelekileyo kubasebenzi abanolusu olubalulekileyoukungakhuselekikunye nonyangoukuhlolwaNjengoko kucetyisiweemsebenziniabasebenzi bezempilo.
• Ukugxininisa kulawulo lobunjineli:Ukubeka phambili ulawulo lobunjineli (njengenkqubo yomoya wokuphuculaUmgangatho womoya) Ngaphezulu kwePPE kwi-PPE sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sexesha elide. Njengomnini-mzi-mveliso, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukutyala kubunjineli obulungileyo kutyalomali kubantu bethu.
• Vula Vula:Khuthaza abasebenzi ukuba banike ingxelo ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malungaukhuseleko, kunokwenzekaukungakhuseleki, okanye iimpawu ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. I-loop yokuphendula inceda ukuphuculaUkhuseleko lwendawoiindlela zokuziphatha.
• Ukugcina indlu entle:Ukugcina icocekile kwaye ilungelelanisiweemsebenziniinokunciphisa kakhulu isibiniukungakhuselekiiindlela. Ukuchitheka kufuneka kucocwe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

La manyathelo asebenzayo anegalelo elibonakalayoukhuseleko kunye nempilo. Ngomntu onjengaManqaku, ojongana nabathengisi kunye nabathengi, ukuqonda ukuba umthengisi (njengathi, inkampani ka-Allen) ibeka phambili inkqubela phambili enjaloukhuselekoinokuba sisibonisi esomeleleyo sokuthembeka kunye nokusebenza ngokuziphatha. Ibonisa ukuzibophelela okungaphaya kokuthobela okulula, kujolise ekugqweseniemsebenziniintlalo-ntle.

Indima ebaluleke kakhulu yokubeka iliso lomoya ngokulawula ukuvezwa emsebenzini?

Umgangatho womoyaUkubeka iliso sisixhobo esingasebenziyo solawuloemsebenzini ukungakhuselekiukuyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(I-ctpvs). Awunakho ukulawula into ongayisebenzisi. Ukubeka iliso kuyanceda ukucima iuxinzeleloI-Airborne Componints, iqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba ahlala esekweemsebenzini Ukuveza imidakwaye loo manyathelo olawulo ayasebenza njengoko bekucetywa. Le yinxalenye ephambili yokubambelela kwiUmgangatho ongcolileyo womoya kumzi-mveliso ngokubanzi.

Inkqubo iqhele ukubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lokuqala:Xa iimveliso ze-chire conta ziqatshelwe kuqala okanye xa inkqubo itshintsha, isiqalouvavanyoyeUmgangatho womoyainceda ukuseka isisekoukungakhuselekiIprofayile.
• Ukubeka iliso kumntu:Oku kubandakanya ukubeka isixhobo sesampulu kwindawo yokuphefumla yeumsebenziukulinganisa umntu waboukungakhuselekiiya kuungcolisekonjenge-ctpvs kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo. Oku kubonelela ngeyona datha ichanekileyo yokuvavanya umngcipheko ngamnye.
• Ukubek'esweni kwendawo: Isampuluziqokelelwe kwiindawo ezisisigxina kwiemsebenziniUkuvavanya ngokubanziuxinzeleloyeI-Coal TA Gala i-volallieskwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni "iindawo ezishushu" okanye iindawo apho kulawulwa kolawulo lobuNjineli kunokufuna ukuphuculwa.
• Ukubeka esweni rhoqo / ukubeka iliso:Kuxhomekeka kwiziphumo zokuqala, uhlobo lomsebenzi, kunye neemfuno zolawulo, ixeshaUmgangatho womoyaUkubeka iliso kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza kolawulo. Ukuba iinkqubo ziyaguquka okanye ukuba kukho isizathu sokukrokrela ukwanda kweukungakhuseleki, ukubeka iliso kufuneka kuphindwe.

Idatha eqokelelwe kuyoISampulu kunye noHlaziyoEzi zampula zomoya zibalulekile. Isazisa izigqibo malunga nemfuno yolawulo lobunjineli ongezelelweyo, utshintsho kwiindlela zomsebenzi, okanye uhlobo lokukhusela ukuphefumla olufunekayo. Iinkampani eziphatha izinto ezinjengethuIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, sisazi ukuba ingqolowaUmgangatho womoyaUlawulo lwendaweni yokuphela komsebenzisi uqinisekisa ukuba imveliso isetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuboniseni ukuthotyelwa kweOsha'sImigangatho, enjeUmgangatho ongcolisayo wemveliso jikelele.

Yintoni imeko kaNiosh kunye negalelo kwimigangatho yokhuseleko ye-Coal Tar?

IZiko leSizwe lokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nezeMpilo (I-niosh) Idlala indima ebalulekileyo, egxile kuyo kwindalo yeUKhuseleko lwe-Coal Tatkwayeemsebenziniimpilo. NgelixaOshaIiseti kwaye inyanzelise imigangatho ebophelelayo ngokusemthethweni,I-nioshIzenzo njengophando oluphambiliiarhente, ukubonelela ngesiseko sesayensi uninzi lwalo mgangatho kunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso ukuthintela ukugula okunxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nokwenzakala komsebenzi. IiZikoyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeSebe lezeMpilo le-U.S.

I-nioshIgalelo le-intanethi malungaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatchFaka:

• Uphando: I-nioshukuqhuba kunye nokuxhasa uphando kwimiphumo yezempilo yeUkuvezwa kwe-coal taptIi-volits kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Olu phando lunceda ekuqondeni ubudlelwane bokuphendula idosi, chonga ukuba sengoziniumsebenziabantu, kwaye bahlole i-carcinogenicity yezinto ezahlukeneyoImichiza yemichiza.
• Imida yokuvezwa kwayo (i-Rels):Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili,I-nioshphuhlisa ii-rels, ezihlala zikhusela ngakumbi kuneOshaIipels. Ezi ngcebiso zisekelwa kuphononongo olubanzi lwedatha yenzululwazi kwaye ijolise ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kwelona nani linokwenzeka. Kwii-ctpvs,I-niosh'I-PROP idla ngokusezantsi kuneOshaI-PEL, ebonisa indlela enobulumko kule carcinogen eyaziwayo.
• Amaxwebhu okukhokela kunye neempapasho:IIZiko likaZwelonkeIpapasha ubutyebi bolwazi, kubandakanya amaxwebhu eekhrayitheriya, iibhulethi ezikhoyo ngoku, kunye nezisombululo zomsebenzi, zifundisa isikhokelo esisebenzayo kwingoziisazisi, umngciphekouvavanyo, amanyathelo olawulo, kunyeISampulu kunye noHlaziyoIindlela zeI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Helisard Hebs (Hess): I-nioshUnokuqhuba i-hush kwindawo yokusebenza xa iceliwe kubaqeshi okanye kubasebenzi ukuba baphande ngeengozi zempilo ezinokubakho, kubandakanya ezo zivelaUkuvezwa kweCoal Tar.

Amashishini anjengeaphawuji ye-thompson, esaziI-nioshIingcebiso zinokuba yingenelo. Nokuba ayikholwanga ngokusemthethweni, yamkeleI-nioshIzikhokelo zinokumela eyona nto ilungileyo kuyoukhuseleko kunye nempilo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wexesha elide abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa uxanduva.I-nioshUmsebenzi uncedalawula(kwingqondo ekhuthazayo) kunye nokuphuculaUkhuseleko lwendawoimigangatho ngokuqhubekayo.

Eyona misebenzi ilungileyo yesampulu kunye nohlalutyo: Ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwelebhu yakho?

Umlinganiso ochanekileyo weI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(Ctpvs) ngokuqinileyoISampulu kunye noHlaziyoIindlela zobuchule zibalulekile kuvavanyoumsebenzi ukungakhuselekikunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamanyathelo olawulo. Nokuba ukuqhuba le ndlu okanye usebenzisa ngaphandleelebhu, ukubambelela kwisenzo esifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha yakho. Oku kungaphezulu nje kokuzilolonga kubugcisa; lilitye lendawo yakhoukhuselekoInkqubo.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela ezilungileyoISampulu kunye noHlaziyoIi-CTPvs:

1. Sebenzisa iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo:Sebenzisa iindlela ezinesampulu ezimiselweyo neziqinisekiso, ezinjengezo ziphuhlisweI-nioshokanyeOsha. Kwii-CTPvs, oku kubandakanya ukuqokelela umcimbi wokubamba kwisihluzi kwaye uhlalutya iqhekeza le-bedzenePahs.
2. Ukulinganisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo:Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo zesampulu (iimpompo, ukuhambahamba) zilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambili nasemva komntu ngamnyeisampuluingqokelela. Ireyithi engachanekanga yokuhamba ingakhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibalulekileyo kwi-Count Airuxinzelelos.
3. Isampulu yabameli:Iisampulukufuneka ibonakalise ngokuchanekileyoumsebenzinyaniukungakhuselekiokanye iimeko kwindawo ethile. Oku kuthetha ukujonga ixesha lesampulu, indawo yesampulu (E.G., kwindawo yokuphefumla yabasebenzi kwiisampulu zakho), kunye nemisebenzi ethile eyenziwayo.
4. Iisampulu ezingenanto:Bandakanya i-Fields ezingenanto kunye neendawo ezinamadiya ngebhanti nganye yeesampulu ezithunyelwe kwielebhu. Intsimi engenabala iphathwa njengesampulu yesona kodwa ayinawo umoya ozonwabileyo, nceda uchonge nakuphi naungcolisekongexesha lokuphatha okanye ukuthunyelwa. Ii-fuedies zeendaba zezifihlo ezingafakwanga.
5. Itsheyini yeXabiso:Gcina i-chain efanelekileyo yazo zonke iisampulu ezivela ekuqokelelenielebhuUhlalutyo. Olu xwebhu lulandela ukuphathwa kweisampulukwaye iqinisekise ingqibelelo yayo.
6. Ilebhu eyamkelweyo:Sebenzisa inyanielebhuUhlalutyo, ngokukhethekileyo onamava ekuhlalutyeni i-ctpvs okanyeI-Hydrocarbons. Ukuvunywa (umzekelo.elebhuDibanisa imigangatho ethile esemgangathweni.
7. Ingcaciso yeziphumo:Iziphumo kufuneka zitolikwe ngumnxibelelanisi wezithuthi ofanelekileyo okanyeukhuselekoIngcali eqonda iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukusikelwa umda kwedatha, kunye nefanelekileyoemsebenzini Ukuveza imida.

Ngokulandela le nkqubo ilungileyo, iinkampani zinokuba nentembelo enkulu kuboukungakhuseleki uvavanyoidatha. Oku kuvumela izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi malunga neendlela zokulawula kwaye zinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba sempilweniemsebenzini. Amagosa okuthengwa kwempahla efana noMark, ukuqonda ukuba isiphelo sabo sokuphelisa sisenzekileISampulu kunye noHlaziyoibalaselisa ukubaluleka komgangatho wemveliso oguqukayo kunye nolwazi olubonakalayo kubathengisi ngathi.

Kwimizi-mveliso yethu yeyakho: Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko kwiimveliso zeCoal Tar

Njenge-allen, umnini wezamashishini e-China ekhethekileyo kwiIimveliso ze-ITA zeCart kunye nePetroleum Coke, ukuzibongoza kwam kwandima ngaphezu kwemveliso. Siyaqonda ukuba iimveliso zifanaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatch, i-anthraceneioyile, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zei-cokeNgaba igalelo elibalulekileyo lamashishini avela kwiImveliso ye-aluminiumukuyaukwakhiwa kwendlela. Siyaqonda ukubaluleka kakhuluukhuseleko kunye nempiloezinxulumene nezi zixhobo, ngakumbi malungaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallieskwayeemsebenzini ukungakhuseleki.

Imigca yethu yesixhenxe yemveliso ilungiselelwe ukuvelisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Oku kuthetha ukulawulwa komgangatho ophantsi kuwo onke amabakala, ukusuka ekufumaneni izixhobo ezingafunekiyo kwimveliso yokugqibela, nokuba yeyI-pitch yebholaokanye i-asphalt ekhethekileyo. Sinikezela ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo obushushu kunye neemveliso eziguqulweyo zokudibanaishishiniiimfuno. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ayisiyonto nje yokukhangela kuthi; Yinxalenye esisiseko yentanda-bulumko yethu yokusebenza. Siyazi ukuba abathengi njengoMarko Thompson asijonge nje amaxabiso okhuphiswano; Bathobekile ngokubonakalayo kwaye banomdla malunga nokuqinisekiswa (njengemigangatho ye-I-ISO kunye nokuthotyelwa kwendalo), ukwenza izinto, kwaye zithembekileIindlela zokuhlawula.

Sizabalazela ukujongana namanqaku eentlungu eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngonxibelelwano olungalunganga kunye neenkxalabo malunga nobunyani besiqinisekiso, ngokukhuthaza ukucaca kunye nokubonelela ngamaxwebhu ebanzi. Ngelixa thina, njengabavelisi, jonga kumgangatho wemveliso yemveliso kwayeukhuselekoUlwazi (njenge-SDS), sikwaxhasa abathengi bethu ngokubonelela ngedatha ecacileyo ebanceda ukuba balawuleukungakhuselekikwaye bathobele imigaqo yendawo yabo, njengeOsha'sIimfuneko kwi-USA. Sikholelwa ukuba umthengi onolwazi onolwazi olukhuselekileyo, kwaye umthengi okhuselekileyo uliqabane elide. Amava ethu okuthumela i-USA, uMntla Merika, eYurophu nase-Australia usifundisile ukubaluleka kwale ndlela igqibeleleyo yeukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi. Sijonge ukuba ngaphezulu komthengisi nje; Sijonge ukuba liqabane elithembekileyo kwimpumelelo yakho, uqinisekisa ukubaI-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatchIimveliso ezifumana igalelo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo kwimisebenzi yakho.

I-fetays eziphambili ekufuneka ikhumbule:

• Ukuqonda kubalulekile: I-coal tar kunye ne-coal-tatchzizinto ezintsonkothileyo ezivela kumalahle, kunyeI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(I-CTPVS) ukuba yintlokoemsebenziniInkxalabo yezempilo ngenxaukungakhuselekiumngcipheko.
• Imingcipheko yezempilo iyinyani: Ukungakhuselekiukuya kwi-CTPVs, kubandakanyabenzenekunye nezinye ii-pahs, zinokukhokelela ekucaphukisweni, ukufota, kunye nemiphumo yempilo yexesha elideUmhlaza wolusu, umhlaza wemiphunga, kwayeibhediUmhlaza.
• IIMPOPHISDI NOBUGCISA OshaUkucwangciswa kwemida evunyiweyo enyanzeliswayo (iipels), ngelixaI-nioshIbonelela ngemida exhaswe uphando efunyenweyo (i-rels) kunye nesikhokelo seumsebenzi ukhuseleko. Ukuthotyelwa kubalulekile.
• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko lubalulekile:Umngcipheko wenkqubouvavanyoinceda ekuchongeni iingozi, ukuvavanya umngcipheko weungcoliseko, kwaye iphumeze amanyathelo asebenzayo olawulo, kwiinkcubeko zolawulo lobunjineli kwi-PPE, ukuphuculaUmgangatho womoya.
• Ukubeka iliso kunye nohlalutyo:RhoqoUmgangatho womoyaukubeka iliso kunye nokuchanekaelebhu ISampulu kunye noHlaziyoye-CTPVuxinzelelozibalulekile ekulawuleniukungakhuselekikunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo luyasebenza.
• Inkcubeko yokhuseleko esebenzayo:Hamba ngaphaya kokuthobela nje. Ukukhuthaza amandlaukhuselekoInkcubeko ngoqeqesho olupheleleyo, inkawulelo yezempilo, kunye nonxibelelwano oluvulekileyo lokukhusela yonkeumsebenzi.
• Ukungafihli:Abathengisi abanokuthenjwa mababonelele ngolwazi olucacileyo lwemveliso, amaphepha edatha ezokhuseleko (i-SDS), kunye nenkxaso yabathengi ekuqondeni iukhuseleko kunye nempiloiinkalo zeinto.