Ukutyhila amandla e-Coal Tapt: Isikhokelo esibanzi

Wamkelekile! Ndingu-Allen, kwaye kumzi-mveliso wam wase China, oxhotyiswe ngemigca esixhenxe yokuvelisa, ebesingaphambi kokuba sibevele kwaye sithumela umgangatho ophezuluIimveliso ze-ITA zeCart kunye nePetroleum Cokeiminyaka. Eli nqaku ligqogqa nzulu kwenye yeemveliso zethu zembombo:I-Coal tat. Uya kufunda malunga nokuqulunqwa kwayo, ukuba kwenziwe njani, ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kwaye kutheni kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba amashishini ehlabathi, kubandakanya nabathengi be-USA. Ukuba ujonge ukuqonda le nto iguquguqukayo, kwindima yayo kwi-aluminium inyibilikayo kulwakhiwo lwendlela, ukwindawo elungileyo. Esi sikhokelo sikufanelekile ukuba sifundwe kuba siyicaphukisaI-Coal tat, ukuhambisa ukuqonda kwimbono yomenzi onamathuba, ukujongana neenkxalabo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye zikhulule ukubaluleka kwemveliso.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-coal tapt? Ukungavumeli ukwakhiwa kwayo

Xa sithetha malungaI-Coal tat, sibhekisa kwi-ternick, emnyama, okanye emnyama-emnyama-emnyamaintsalela. Yinto ekhoyo emva kweUkudibana kwe-coal tarokanye ukudityaniswa kwenxalenye yeI-crade coal tear. Cinga ngeI-coal tarngokwayo njengei-byproductyokwenzai-cokeukusukaI-bimouminous yamalahleNgexesha leqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwii-cokeii-ovens. LeI-coal tarngumxube ontsonkothileyo, onamakhulu, kwanamawakawaka, eekhemiziimijikelezo. Ii-pitchIqhezu lelona candelo linzima lalo mxube.

IUbume be-coal taptngokuyintloko ingumdibaniso onomdla wePolycyclicivumbaI-HYDROCRONS EziIimpuphuzinike ntoniI-Coal tatiipropathi zayo ezizodwa. Ngelixa ngqoUbume beCoal Tarkwaye yayoi-pitchinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo weamalahlekwaye inkqubo yekharbhoniza, ibandakanya izinto ezinjebenzene, phenol, naphthalene, kwayei-anthracenengamaqhezu ayo alula, kunyei-pitchUkuba yinto enzimai-polymerizationImveliso uninzi lwezi. Yinto eninziVidiyoUlwelo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo kodwa uba nzima, brottle uqinile kubushushu begumbi. Yayoindawo yokuthambisasisimo esiphambili esisetyenziselwa ukuhlelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zei-pitch.

Njengomzi-mveliso, sinikela ingqalelo kwezi ndawo. Umzekelo, umthengi onjengathi maki thompson, onolwaziI-coal tarIimveliso zezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Aleminium smelters kunye neempuku zentsimbi, zixhomekeke kumgangatho ongaguqukiyo wei-pitch. Ukudityaniswa okuthe ngqo kweIimpuphuichaza ukuba ifanelekile njengei-binderokanye kolunye ukusetyenziswa. Ii-pitchubukhulu becalai-inflineemanzini kodwa inokuchithwa nge-organic ethileizinyibilikisinjengeI-PYIrineokanyebenzene. Ukuqonda le meko yobunzima linyathelo lokuqala ekuqondeni ukuba kutheniI-Coal tatingabaluleki kangangokuba amashishini amaninzi. Siqinisekisa bethuUmgangatho ophezulu we-coal tetchhlangabezana nale migangatho.

Iveliswa njani i-pat ye-coal tetch? Ukujonga inkqubo yokuphucula

IukwenziwayeI-Coal tatyinkqubo yenkqubo eqala ngayoI-coal tar, ethi, njengoko benditshilo, ngungemvelisoifunyenwe kwi-carbonization yeamalahleukuvelisai-coke. Kumaziko ethu, siqala ngomgangatho ophezuluI-crade coal tear. Eli ter ke libekwa phantsi kwenqanaba lokuphanga. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uyabulalaI-coal tarngokuthe ngcembe; eyahlukileyoimijikelezoNgaphakathi kuya kubila kubushushu obahlukeneyo. I-oils elula, njengeoyile yokukhanya (equlathebenzene, touluene, i-xylene), ioyile yecarbone (equlathephenolkunye ne-cress),naphthaleneioyile, hlamba ioyile, kwayei-anthraceneioyile, ziqokelelwa njengeziqhezu ezahlukileyo.

Yintoni eshiyekileyo emva kokuba ezi zinto ziguqukayo ziyasuswaI-Coal tat. Leintsalelayeyona inzimaiqhekezakwaye unelona liphezuluindawo yokuthambisa. Ubungakanani boqulunqo zimisela iipropathi zezokugqibelai-pitch, njengeyoi-viscofitykwayeukuthambisaIimpawu. Singayilawula le nkqubo ukuvelisa amabakala ahlukeneyoi-pitch, kubandakanya ithambile, ephakathi, okanye inzimai-pitch, ukulungelelaniswa kwezicelo ezithile zeshishini. Umzekelo,i-pitchimiselwe ukuba yii-binderkwiukwenziwa kwe-elektronikiifuna iipropathi ezithile.

Yonke inkqubo ijongwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokungaguquguquki kweI-Coal tat. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiswa kweqondo lobushushu kunye nokwahlula ngokupheleleyo kwamaqhezu ahlukeneyo aphakamileyo. Isiphumoi-pitchInokulungiswa ngaphezulu, mhlawumbi kwiiplakeki okanye iibhloksi, ukuze zithathwe lula kunye nokuhamba kubathengi bethu e-USA, eYurophu nase-Australia. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembekaukwenziwaInkqubo iphambili kuba amashishini axhomekeke kule nto. Umzekelo,i-pitch coke, enye imveliso ebalulekileyo, ithathwa njengonyango oluthe kratya lweI-Coal tat. Injongo ihlala ikhulisa i-itayili yayo yonkeiqhekeza iveliswe yilahleko.

Luluphi usetyenziso oluphambili lwe-coal teal kunye ne-pitch yayo?

IUkusetyenziswa kwe-coal tarkwaye ikhupha,I-Coal tat, zihluka kakhulu, zichukumisa amacandelo amaninzi emizini. Ngokwembali,I-coal tarwade wasetyenziswa ngenxa yeenjongo zonyango, yikholelwe okanye hayi, ukunyanga iimeko zekhumbai-psoriasiskwayeeczemangohlobo lweengcongconi, iikhrim, kunyeshampoo. Nanamhlanje, abanye bangamayezaI-shampoosiquletheI-coal tarukuncedadndandruffkunye nesikhumbai-psoriasis. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweI-Coal tatKuveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele kuya kubakho iimfuno zeshishini.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyoUkusetyenziswa kwe-coal taptinjengei-binder. Yeyona nto ibalaseleyoi-binderNgezixhobo zekhabhoni, zenza ukuba kubalulekile kwiUkwenza i-carbon kunye negrafu electrosngombaneIziko le-ARCisetyenziswe ekuthambekeni kwayeama-anodeskwiIshishini lealuminium(ngokukodwai-aluminium inyibilikayo). Ii-pitchinceda ukubambai-cokeamasuntswana kunye kwaye ibonelela ngempumelelo yombane eyimfuneko kunye namandla kwiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. SikwavelisaIifom ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-flakes kunye neebhloko, ukulungela ezi nkqubo zemveliso. Ezinye izicelo ezibalulekileyoI-pitch ibandakanyaukusebenzisa kwayoI-caayings yomphezulukwayeipeyintiIfomu, ukubonelela ngeepropathi ezinamanzi anembeko kunye ne-anti-sorrosion. IsetyenziselwaipoveIindlela kunye nezixhobo zophahla ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi.

Ngaphezulu, iintlobo ezizodwa zei-pitch, njengei-pitch coke, ziveliswa izicelo ezifuna umxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu kunye nokungcola okuphantsi, ngathi kwiukutshataishishini okanye njenge-carbon bogination kwimveliso yentsimbi. Ukusetyenziswa kweI-Coal tatkuthetha ukuba amaBanga athile aphuhliswa ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo, ukuthambisai-pitchIngasetyenziselwa amanzi, ngelixa kunzimai-pitchngecala eliphezuluindawo yokuthambisaiyafunekai-electrodeukuvelisa. Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza iibhondi ezinamandla kwaye kuxhathise iindawo ezinzima zenzaI-Coal tatIzinto ezithi, ngaphandle kwembali yayo ende, ihlala ibalulekile. Side sibone imfuno yeemveliso ze-asphalt ekhethekileyo, ezabelana ngemvelaphi ethile yezinto ezibonakalayo, njengawethuIimveliso ze-asphalt ze-asphalt zeoyile.

Kutheni le nto i-chack ye-coal pitch ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-aluminium kunye namashishini eentsimbi?

I-Coal tatidlala indima ebaluleke ngokupheleleyo njengei-binderkwiIshishini lealuminiumkunye nemveliso yentsimbi. Makhe sithethe nge-aluminium kuqala. Ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium ye-alumini kuthetha ukuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yeHolophu, ebandakanya ukuncitshiswa kwe-Aluminii. Le nkqubo ifuna ikhabhoni enkuluama-anodes. Eziama-anodeszitya ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, kwayeI-Coal tatNgabahloboi-binderyepetroleumi-cokeokanyei-pitch cokeI-Aggrestates ezi zenziwaama-anodes. Umgangatho wei-pitchImpembelelo ngokuthe ngqo intsebenzo kunye ne-wospan yeanode, ichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwei-aluminium inyibilikayo. Ipropathi ephambili njengexabiso eliphezulu lokuhamba, amandla amnzi omanzi, kunye namanqanaba asezantsi okungcola (njengeisalfurekwaye i-ash) yeyona nto iphambili.

Kwishishini lentsimbi,I-Coal tatibalulekile kwi-grafuelectrodes. Ezielectrodeszisetyenziswa ngombaneIziko le-ARC(I-imeyile) ukunyibilika intsimbi kwaye ivelise intsimbi entsha. I-EAFS isebenza kakhuluamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye ielectrodeskufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nale meko ngelixa ibonelela ngempumelelo yombane.I-Coal tatisebenza njengei-binderukwenzela ii-cokeamasuntswana (rhoqoInaliti coke) isetyenziselwa ukwenza le phofuelectrodes. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiukwenziwayeintlawuloIzixhobo, ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiizikongokwabo, ebakhusela kubushushu obukhulu. Ii-pitchI-carbonist ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhakai-electrodeokanyeintlawuloizitena, ukudala i-carbon yekhabhoni eyomeleleyo.

Kubathengi njengoMark Thompson, obonelela lo mveliso, ukungqinelana kunye nomgangatho weI-Coal tatazinakuthetha. Umahluko omncinci kwii-pitchumgangatho unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezibalulekileyo kwii-electrodeUkusebenza, njengamaxabiso anyukayo okanye ukungaphumeleli. Kungenxa yoko le nto, kumzi-mveliso wethu, sibambelela kumacandelo olawulo lomgangatho wolawulo lwebhanti nganye yeI-Coal tatilungiselelwe iIshishini lealuminiumokanye iimayile zentsimbi. Ibango lokucoceka okuphezului-pitchNgokukodwaAmanqaku athambileyokwaye amaxabiso okuhambahamba asigcina sigxile kuchanekileUkudityaniswa kwamalahleI-tar.

UKUJONGA INDAWO YOKUZIPHATHA KWI-PARCH YOKUZIPHATHA KAKHULU NOKWENZA IZICWANGCISO ZOKUGQIBELA

Ngaphaya kosetyenziso lwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu,I-Coal tatinembali ende kwaye ephumeleleyo ekuphumeni nasezinzimeni zamanzi. Iipropathi zayo ezingahambelani kwamanzi zenza ukuba zibe lukhetho oluhle lokwenza ukhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuhlala ixesha elideukuthuthumelaiinkqubo. Xa isetyenziswa kwiNkqubo yoPhando eyakhayo (i-Bur), iiLayiI-Coal tatziyatshintshwa ngokuqinisa amalaphu ukuze kudalwe i-roustroof yamanzi e-membrane. Olu hlobo lweuphahlaYaziwa ngokuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokukwazi ukuzithanda izinto ezincinci, ngakumbi kwizicelo zophahla olusezantsi okanye olusezantsi.

IVidiyoUbume bobushushuI-Coal tatIvumela ukuba ihambe iye kwi-rocks kunye neengxowa zetywina, zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu kwi-ingeress yamanzi. Ikwanyangeka neekhemikhali ezininzi kunye nokukhula kweengcambu, kungenxa yoko le nto ihlala intlekele ye-plaza decks kunye nophahla oluhlaza. Ii-pitchYenza ibhondi eyomeleleyo, enembeko kumanye amazwe. Ngelixa ezinye iindlela zangoku zikhona,I-Coal tatIinkqubo-ezingasekelwanga iinkqubo zisacacisiwe kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukuSebenza okuphezulu kunye nenkonzo ende, ngakumbi apho amanzi ahamba khona yinkxalabo, njengokoI-Coal tatayihlanjwanga ngokuhlala ixesha elideukungakhuselekiemanzini.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweI-Coal tatkwezi zicelo zifuna ukuphatha ngononophelo ngenxa yeukungakhuselekiInkxalabo, endizokuchukumisa kamva. Ii-pitchkufuneka ifuduselwe kubushushu obuthile ukufezekisa ilungeloi-viscofityisicelo. Isiphumoukuthuthumelainzima kwaye iyaziqhelanisa. Ngelixa umbala omnyama unokukhokelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, oku kungancitshiswa nge-ofisi yokubonisa. Kuthi, ukuvelisai-pitchIlungele eziI-caayings yomphezulukuthetha ukuqinisekisa ilungeloindawo yokuthambisakunye neempawu zokuhamba, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kubunzimai-pitchisetyenziselweelectrodes. Ukungasebenzi ngaphakathiUhlobo lwe-pitchyindawo ephawulweyoI-coal tarukuqhubekeka.

Ngaba akhona amabakala awo ngokwahlukeneyo Ukuqonda umahluko

Ewe ngokupheleleyo!I-Coal tatAyisiyo-i-tit-bib-yonke impahla. Ihlelwe kumabakala ahlukeneyo asekweindawo yokuthambisa, liqondo lobushushu aphoi-pitchiqala ukuthambisa kunye nokuhamba phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo oluthile. Le ndawo ibalulekile kuba ichaza ukubai-pitchUya kuziphathela kwisicelo sayo sokusebenzisa. IUkudibana kwe-coal tarinokulawulwa ukuvelisai-pitchngoluhlu olubanzi lweAmanqaku athambileyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo sihlekisaI-Coal tatungene:

• IPHEPHA LOKUGQIBELA:Olu hlobo lunezantsiindawo yokuthambisa. Ingaphezulu kakhulu kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana nokupheliswa kwamanzi, iitag zendlela, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeipeyintikwayeukuthuthumelaapho bhetyebhetye kubalulekile.
• Ithayile yeqondo eliphakathi:Eli libanga eliqhelekileyo. BethuIqondo lobushushu eliphakathiIimveliso ziwela kolu luhlu, zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo zokubopha, kubandakanya ezinyeintlawuloiimveliso kunye nokungena.
• I-pitch enzima (iqondo lobushushu ephezulu):Lei-pitchinento ephezuluindawo yokuthambisakwaye i-brittle kubushushu begumbi. Ibalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nozinzo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, njengeukwenziwa kwe-elektronikiI-Aluminiyam kunye namashishini eentsimbi (Ikhabhoni kunye ne-elektroder), kunye nokuvelisa umgangatho ophezului-pitch coke. BethuIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluInjini yezi zinto zifunwayo.

Ngaphaya kweindawo yokuthambisa, ezinye iimpawu ezinje ngexabiso lokuhamba (inani leintsalela ye-carbbonishiywe emva kokufudumeza), umxholo we-quineline (qi), umxholo we-Touluene onsullen (i-TI), kunye nomxholo we-TIO), kunye nomxholo we-ASS unceda ukuchaza inqanaba kunye nokufaneleka kweI-Coal tatNgeenjongo ezithile. Umzekelo,i-electrodeUkuvelisa kufuna ii-pitchngexabiso eliphezulu lokuhamba kunye ne-ash ephantsi kwayeisalfureUmxholo. Njengomvelisi, sisebenza ngokusondeleyo nabathengi njengoMark Thompson ukuze baqonde iimfuno zabo ngqo kwaye banike iUhlobo lwe-pitchIngqinelani ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkcazo zabo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo zabo, nokuba kunjaloi-aluminium inyibilikayookanye idala ikhethekileyoiibhasi.

Ukufumana i-Coal Tail: Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalasele?

Abathengi njengoMark Thompson, ongumnini wenkampani kunye negosa lokuthenga, ukufunyanwaI-Coal tatUkusuka kubathengisi bamanye amazwe abafana nathi eTshayina kubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili okuphambili. Phawula ubuthathaka obuthobileyo kodwa ujonge amaxabiso akhuphisana, ibhalansi eqhelekileyo kwimpahla yokuthengwa kwe-B2B. Iindawo zakhe eziphambili zokuthenga zingamazwe asaphuhlayo, kwaye uhlala efumana abathengisi ngemiboniso kunye nokukhangelwa kweGoogle.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo uphawu, kwaye kunjalo nawuphi na umthengi, kufuneka agxile:

1. Uvavanyo olusemgangathweni kunye nokungaguquguquki:Le yeyona nto iphambili. Ii-pitchKufuneka ihlangane ngokubonakalayo kwinkcazo efunekayo -indawo yokuthambisa, Ixabiso lokuhamba, i-QI, i-qi, i-ash, njl njl. njl. Kumzi-mveliso wam, siyigxininisa imigca yethu yemveliso yesi-7 kwaye sinamathele ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yehlabathi ukuqinisekisa oku.
2. Izatifikethi:Abathengi kufuneka bajonge abathengisi abanezelelo ezifanelekileyo, njengemigangatho ye-ISO yokulawula umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kwendalo. Ngelishwa, uphawu luye lwajamelana nobuqhetseba bamaxesha athile abongameli, nto leyo ebonisa isidingo sokukhuthala okufanelekileyo. Sisoloko sinika amaxwebhu abonakalayo kunye angqinisisiweyo.
3. Izixhobo kunye nokuThumela ukuthembeka:Ukulibaziseka ukuhanjiswa ngenqanawa kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iishedyuli zemveliso, inqaku eliphambili le-phawu. Izinto ezinokuthenjwa, kubandakanya ukupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo (i-E.G. Ukuthumela ngaphandle kwi-USA, iNyakami Melika, iYurophu nase-Australia, ngoko sinamava abalulekileyo ekulawuleni izinto ezibandayo zamanye amazwe.
4. Unxibelelwano nomthengisi:IMark ifumene unxibelelwano olungalunganga kunye nabameli bokuthengisa. Cacisa, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo lolwazi lubalulekile. Nangona uphawu lube nolwazi kwintengiso, ulele ubuchule obunzulu bobuchwephesha kwiI-Coal tat, ukuba umthengisi onokuthi achaze iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha ngokucacileyo. Iqela lam kwaye ndizabalazela ukuba ngamaqabane, hayi abathengisi.
5. Iindlela zokuhlawula:Ikhuselekile kwaye imiGaqo-mGangatho iQinisekisiweyo ibalulekile ekwenzeni ukuthembana kunye nokwenza lula ukuthengiselana okufanelekileyo.
6. Ukuqonda ukuSebenza:Umthengisi olungileyo kufuneka aqonde indlela aboI-Coal tatiya kusetyenziswa (E.G.,electrodes, intlawuloizixhobo,I-Coasthings) Ukuqinisekisa ukuba banikezela ngenqanaba elifanelekileyo kwaye banike ingcebiso ezifanelekileyo. Kulapho ubuchule bethu bungena khona, nceda abathengi bakhethe ilungeloUhlobo lwe-pitch.
7. Amaxabiso:Ngelixa umgangatho ophambili, amaxabiso okhuphiswano ngumqhubi. Abathengi bahlala bethelekisa izicatshulwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ziqwalasele iindleko zobukhulu, kubandakanya umgangatho, ukuthembeka, kunye nabathengisi abanokubakho.

Ukujongana nezi zinto zixhalabisayo zinceda ukwakha ubudlelwane bexesha elide. Xa uMarko ufumana imiboniso, ezi ziingcaciso avavanyayo xa edibana nabathengisi beI-Coal tatkwayeI-Petroleum Coke.

Ngaphaya kwe-pitch: Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo ezenza amalahle i-coal tar?

NgelixaI-Coal tatyinkanyeziintsalelaukusukaUkudibana kwe-Coal, amaqhezu asikhaphukhaphu asuswe ngeli xesha le nkqubo axabiseke kakhulu.I-coal tarsisiphoso sobuncwane seIimpuphu, kwaye ukwahlula kwabo kuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali kunye neemveliso. La maqhezu aphumile kumaqondo ahlukeneyo obushushu.

Eminye yezinto eziphambili zexabiso, okanye i-distile, ifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba sifike kwii-pitchFaka:

• Ioyile yokukhanya (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-170 ° C):Leiqhekezaiqulethebenzene, i-toulue, kunye ne-xylenes (BTX), ezibonisa iibhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko zeshishini lekhemikhali, ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iiplasitiki, iibhulukhwe ezizezinye, idayisi, kwayeizinyibilikisi. Iqulethe ezinyeI-PYIrineiziseko.
• Ioyile yeCarbolic okanye ioyile ephakathi (i-170 ° C - 230 ° C):Esi sityebilephenol, I-Cress, kunye ne -Xyynols, yaziwa ngokuba yi-acid acids.PhenolNgaba yindawo enkulu ye-comphections esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-feodins ye-feolic (njenge-Bisphenol a (ye-polycarbonates kunye ne-epoxy kunye ne-epoloxy), i-caprolactam (ye-NYLOLO). Leiqhekezaiqulethenaphthalene.
• Ioli Naphthalene (200 ° - 250 ° C):Njengoko igama libonisa, lo ngowona mthombo uphambili wenaphthalene. Naphthaleneisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-anhydride ye-pHTHAYIDER (yangaphantsi, i-resins, kunye ne-dyes), kunye ne-mothballs, i-subfcants, kunye nezinye iichethi.
• Hlamba ioyile (230 ° C - 290 ° C):Leiqhekezaisetyenziswa njengearhente yokubhuqa ukuze ifumanebenzenekunye nezinye izinto eziguqukayoIimpuphukwigesi ye-coke oven. Iqulethe kakhulunaphthaleneI-Derivatives kunye nezinyeIimpuphu.
• Ioyile ye-Antracene okanye ioyile eluhlaza (290 ° C-360 ° C kwaye iphezulu):Le yeyona oyile inzima kakhuluiqhekezangaphambilii-pitch. Ngumthombo ophambili wei-anthracene, i-phenanthrene, kunye ne-carbalweni.I-anthraceneisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-anthraquinone, isikhuseli se-DYE Ioyile ngokwayo nayo inokusetyenziselwa ukulondolozwa kweenkuni (njengenxalenye yeI-creosote kunye ne-coal-tatchumxube) okanye njengeziko lokutyala ukuvelisa ikharbon emnyama.

Ukwahlukana okukufezekileyo kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwezi phunga kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ixabiso elivelaI-crade coal tear. Nganyeikhonkcookanye iqela leimijikelezoisebenza kwiimarike ezithile, kwaye ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunegalelo elikhulu kwi-uqoqosho ngokubanziamalahleukuqhubekeka. Ke, xa sithetha ngayoI-coal tar, yinto engaphezulu kwei-pitch; Ngumthombo onzima weekhemikhali ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuqonda ukuvezwa komsebenzi kwi-Coal tapt ye-Coal Tat: Ukhuseleko kuqala

Ukhuseleko luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu xa ujongene nayoI-Coal tat, ngakumbi malungaukuvezwa emsebenzini. I-Coal TA Gala i-volallies.i-pitchishushu okanye iphathwe - iqulethe i-polycyclicivumbaI-Hydrocarbons (Pahs), ezinye zazo ezaziwa okanye zikrokrelwaiibhloko ze-carcinoge. Ke ngoko, ukulawulaUkuvezwa kwe-coal taptluphambili oluphezulu kumashishini apho asetyenziswa khona.

Ukuvezwa emsebenziniinokwenzekainhalationyemilindi kunye nothuli,Unxibelelwano lwe-Dermalkunye nezinto, okanye ukuqhutywa (nangona ziqhelekile). Ixesha elide okanye ngaphezuluukungakhuselekiinokukhokelela kwiziphumo zempilo ezibi. Ixesha elifutshaneukungakhuselekiinokubangelaukucaphukisa ulusu, ilisoukucaphukisa, kwayeUkuphelisa ukuphefumla. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokwandisa i-sokosaI-coal tariimveliso. Ixesha elideukungakhuseleki, ngakumbi kwii-CTPvs, idityaniswe nomngcipheko ondindayo weumhlaza, kubandakanyaUmhlaza wolusu, I-Ling, I-Bladder, kunye neZintsoumhlaza. I-Arhente yamazwe aphesheya yophando ngomhlaza (iarc) ichazaI-Coal tatnjengeqela 1I-carcinogen(i-carcinogenic ebantwini).

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene neUkuvezwa kweCoal Tar, indawo yokusebenza isebenzisa amanyathelo aliqela olawulo:

• Ulawulo lobuNjineli:Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ezivalelweyo, ukuhla kwe-ventilaund yendawo yokufaka i-fumes kumthombo, kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha.
• Ulawulo lolawulo:Ukunciphisa umda kwixesha lokuchitha kwiindawo ezinokubakhoukungakhuseleki, ebonelela ngoqeqesho kwizenzo ezikhuselekileyo, nokuseka iinkqubo zokusebenza ezicacileyo.
• Izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE):Oku kubalulekile kwaye kubandakanya abaphenyi (ngakumbi xa beshushui-pitch), iigloves ezixhaphaza ngamachiza, iiovaroli, kunye nokukhusela kwamehlo ukukhuselaUnxibelelwano lwe-Dermalkwayeinhalation.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo:Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo rhoqo kubasebenzi abanokubakhoukungakhuseleki.

NangonaI-coal tarisetyenziselwe amayeza athile okuphezuluukuphazamiseka kwesikhumbanjengei-psoriasiskwayeeczema. IshishiniukungakhuselekiNgumbandela owahlukileyo kwaye kufuneka ulawulwe ngobuqhetseba. Njengomvelisi onoxanduva, siqinisekisa abasebenzi bethu bakhuselwe, kwaye sibonelela ngamaphepha edatha ezokhuseleko (i-SDS) kubathengi bethu abanjengoMark Thompson, echaza iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezikhuselekileyo zethuI-Coal tatiimveliso. Oku kuzinikela ekukhuseleni kubalulekile kuba ngelixaI-Coal tatsisixhobo esifanelekileyo esifanelekileyo, ukuphatha kwaso kufuna intlonipho kunye nokubambelela kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko ukuze kuthintelweImpilo engxengweyoIziphumo.

Ikamva leCart yeCart yeCart: i-Innovations kunye nokuzibophelela kwethu

Njengomnini-mveliso wase China, i, Allen, ndibone ikamvaI-Coal tatOko kumiselwa ngabo intsha kunye nokugxila okwandayo kuzinzo. Ngelixa kuyinto yesiko, iipropathi zayo ezahlukileyo, ngakumbi njengei-binderkwizicelo zeqondo lobushushu kunye nezodwa ezikhethekileyoI-Coasthings, qinisekisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Idrive yokuphumelela okuphezulu kumashishini anjei-aluminium inyibilikayokunye nemveliso yentsimbi kuthetha imfuno yenqanaba eliphezului-pitchNgeempawu ezithile - ezantsiPahsUmxholo apho kunokwenzeka, amaxabiso okuhamba ngcono, kwaye ayahambelana ngakumbimesophaseUphuhliso lwezixhobo zekhabhoni eziPhezulu.

Inkampani entsha kwiI-Coal tatUkulungiswa kunokubandakanya ubuchwephesha bokulinganisa obuphezulu ngakumbi bokuphinda usebenzise amaqhezu, okanye uhlengahlengiso kwii-pitchngokwayo ukomeleza ukusebenza okanye ukunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Umzekelo, uphando kwimvelisoi-pitchngesakhiwo esilawulayo semolekyuli okanye esitshai-polymerizationIindlela zobuchule zinokukhokelela kwi "umyili"i-pitchiimveliso zezicelo ze-niche. Kunomsebenzi oqhubekayo kwishishini ukunciphisaukukhutshwaamanqanaba ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngakumbiI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies. Oku kubandakanya uyilo olungcono lokwazisa, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokuphatha, kunye nonyango olunokubakhoukukhutshwa.

Ukuzinikela kwethu kwi-Zgghty kukuqhubeka nomthengisi othembekileyo weIimveliso ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu, kubandakanyaI-Coal tat, ipetroleumi-coke, kwayeI-asphalt ye-asphalt. Sityala imali kwimveliso yethu yemveliso yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho ohlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi. Siyayiqonda inkxalabo yabathengi njengoMarko Thompson malunga nomgangatho ongaguqukiyo, izinto ezinokuthenjwa, kunye nonxibelelwano olucacileyo. Sithatha inxaxheba kwiImibonisoUkunxibelelana nabathengi kwaye uhlale une-Allrest yendlela yeshishini. Siyakholelwa ukuba ngokugxila kumgangatho wemveliso, ukwenziwa kwemveliso enoxanduva (ukulungisaukuvezwa emsebenzinikunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo), kunye neemfuno zabathengi,I-Coal tatiya kuhlala ibalulekile. Umceli mngeni kukulinganisa imfuneko yemizi-mveliso kunye nobugebenga bokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, sicela umngeni sizinikele ekuhlanganiseni. Ukuphuculwa kwento ephezului-carbonjodiimveliso, ezivela kwi-Ouperi-pitch, iya kuqhuba imfuno yexesha elizayo.

Uhambo lwehlabathiI-Coal tatityhila umbandela omandulo obini kwimvelaphi yayo (njengei-byproductyeamalahleukuqhubekeka) kunye nokumangalisa namhlanje kwizicelo zayo. Ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-aluminium kunye nentsimbi ukuya kwizakhiwo ezihlala ixeshanaI-Coasthings, Ukusebenza kwayo akunakuphikiswa.

I-fetays eziphambili ekufuneka ikhumbule:

• I-Coal tatmnyama,I-Vikous intsalelaukusukaUkudibana kwe-Coal, etyebileyo kwiPolycyclicivumbaI-Hydrocarbons (Pahs).
• Iveliswe ngokuyintloko ngenxalenyeUkudibana kwe-coal tar, yona ngokwayoi-byproductyei-coke ukwenziwaukusukaI-bimouminous yamalahle.
• IsitshixoUkusetyenziswa kwe-pitch ye-coal tatch kubandakanyaNjengomntu obaluleke kakhului-binderkwiukwenziwa kwe-elektronikii-aluminium kunye namashishini entsimbi, ngaphakathiintlawuloizixhobo, ukuphahla, ukupela, kwayeipeyinti/ukuthuthumelaizicelo.
• Amabakala ahlukeneyo ekhoindawo yokuthambisakunye nezinye iipropathi, zilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyoi-aluminium inyibilikayoama-anodes okanye indlelaI-caayings yomphezulu.
• UkufunwaI-Coal tatifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kumgangatho, iziqinisekiso, izinto, unxibelelwano lwabathengisi, kunye nokuqonda kweukuvezwa emsebenziniumngcipheko.
• I-coal tarikwavelisa amanye amaqhezu axabisekileyobenzene, phenol, naphthalene, kwayeIoyile ye-Anthracene, ibalulekile kwishishini lekhemikhali.
• Ukhuseleko luyinto enkulu: UkulawulaUkuvezwa kwe-coal ral votiesibalulekile ngenxa yemingcipheko yezempilo enokubandakanyaumhlaza, efuna ulawulo lobunjineli, iiPPE, kunye neendlela zomsebenzi ezikhuselekileyo.
• Ikamva leI-Coal tatUbuxoki bokuqhubeka nobuchule kumgangatho ophezulu, amabakala azodwa, kunye neendlela zokwenza uzinzo.

Njenge-Allen, ndinebhongo ukukhokela umzi-mveliso ofaka igalelo kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo kumashishini ehlabathi. Siyaziqonda iimfuno zabaxumi njengoMarko Thompson kwaye sinikezelwe ekuboneleleni hayi nje iimveliso, kodwa izisombululo kunye nokuthembeka.I-Coal tat, ngokwahlukileyoi-binderIzakhono kunye nezinye iipropathi, ziya kuqhubeka zizinto ezisesikweni iminyaka emininzi ezayo.