Ukuqonda i-bitumed ye-bitumed eguqulweyo: Izixhasi zePolymer ukuba zophahla kunye nendlela yokusebenza

I-quimen eguqulweyo imele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-asphalt, ihambisa iipropathi eziphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-bitu emveli. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi zombiniuphahlakwayeindlelaIzicelo, zibonelela ngaphezuluukuqina, bhetyebhetye, kwayeinto evikela amanziamandla. Eli nqaku liva kwihlabathi leGuqula i-bitumen, sikhangela ukuba yintoni, yahluke njani ngokwesiqheloi-asphalt, indima yei-polymerUkulungiswa, izicelo eziphambili zayo, kunye nezibonelelo ezikhulu azizisayo, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezifunaukwakhiwa kwendlelakwayeUphahla lwentengiso. Ukuqonda iUmahluko phakathi kweBitumen kwaye uguqulweI-bitumen ibalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Nokuba ubandakanyeka kwiziseko ezikhulu okanye ukukhusela iiasethi zesakhiwo ezixabisekileyo ngeUphahla lwe-bitumed bit, Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngokuqonda okuxabisekileyo kumlo womenzi.

Yintoni kanye kanye iBitumen kwaye isetyenziswa njani ngokwesiko?

I-bit, rhoqoekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-asphaltKweminye imimandla efana neMntla Merika, yindawo emnyama, inamathele, ethambekileyo yenzeka ngokwemvelo okanye ifunyenwe njengentsalela kwi-petroling distration.I-bitumen ngumxube ontsonkothileyoye-hydrocarbons. Ngokwesiko,I-bittumen ixhaphakileisetyenziswe njenge-binder ngaphakathiI-Asphalt Povementkwaye njengeUkuhamba kwamanziiarhente ngaphakathiuphahlaizicelo. Indalo yayoI-Adhesitive kunye neePropathi zePropathiYenza ilungele ukubopha i-Agegregates kunye ukwenza indawo enendlela eyomeleleyo kunye nokudala imiqobo yamanzi eluphahleni.

Isibongozo esiphambiliI-bittumen isetyenzisiweKwezi zicelo ziyiindleko zalo zokuxabisa kunye nokufumaneka.I-bittume isetyenzisiwekakhulu ngaphakathiUlwakhiwo lwendlela kunye nokulungiswakwihlabathi liphela. Iindlelaiposwe nge-bitumenNika umhlaba ogudileyo kunye nolomeleleyo. Eluphahleni,I-bittumen ininzi kakhuluIxabiso ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukudala engenamthungo,into evikela amanziIileyile, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwii-Pies ezininzi okanye njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuphumla eyakhiwe (i-PR). Nangona kunjalo, umgangathoI-bitumen inokuthiYiba nokusikelwa umda, ngakumbi malunga nokusebenza kwayo phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nemithwalo enzima. Yonainokubabrittle kwimozulu ebandayo kwayeukuthambisakakhulu ngaphakathiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ekhokelela ekukhawulezeni, i-rutet, okanye impatho ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuqonda isisekoIipropathi zeBitumenisitshixo. Intsebenzo yayo iphawulwa ngezinto ezifana neBanga lokuTyhiza (ebonisa iubunzima okanye ukuthamba kwe-bitumen), indawo ethambileyo, kunye nexesha. Ngelixa isebenza ngezicelo ezininzi ezisemgangathweni, imfuneko yokuphucula intsebenzo, ixesha elideUbomi Benkonzo, kwaye ukuxhathisa okungakumbi kwixabiso lokusingqongileyo kwavula indlela yokutshintsha. Ukupheliswa kwemida yendaloI-bitsumen izaUkukhanya kwiimeko ezifunwayo, kuqhubekisa ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo ephuculweyoI-polymer bitumed. NgokwesikoI-bit iboneleleIsiseko esomeleleyo, kodwaGuqula i-bitumenyakha kuwo kakhulu.

Ke, yintoni ebangela ukuba i-bitumes ilungisiwe yahluke?

IsisekoUmahluko phakathi kweBitumen kwaye uguqulweI-Bitumen ilele ngokongezwaIimodyulisi, uninzi lwee-polymers, ukuya kwisisekoi-asphalt. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokubaUkulungiswa kweBitumen, ngokusisiseko utshintsha ipropathi yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezinto zokuqala. Xa thinaGuqula i-bitumen, siyisiseko kubunjineli ukuba woyise ubuthathaka bemvelo lwendaloi-asphalt, ukudala i-binder ephezulu yokucela iziceloUphahla lwe-bitumed bitkunye netrafikhi ephezuluindlela.

Ukongeza ii-polymerokanye enyemodifierkuphucula iimpawu ezimbalwa eziphambili.Guqula i-bitumenNgokwesiqhelo bonisa ukuphuculwa kwe-elasticy, ukuxhathisa okungakumbi kwingxaki engapheliyo (i-Rututing) kwiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuqhekekaamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, Ukonyuka kobomi bokuzala, kwaye kungconoUmlinganisophakathi kwe-binder kunye ne-agegregates. Ii-polymerInethiwekhi eye yavela ngaphakathii-asphaltIMatrix inceda ukolula kwezinto kwaye uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ube ungaphantsi komonakalo ophethwe gwenxa ovela kwitrafiki yokugcwala okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kwiuphahla.

Cinga ngayo ngokungathi kongeza izithako ezizodwa kwiresiphi yokuphucula isitya sokugqibela. ThinaGuqula i-bitumenukuphucula imvulophu yayo yokusebenza. Ithetha ukubaI-polymer bitumedunakhoi-nestsUluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu kunye neemeko zokulayita xa kuthelekiswa neqabane lakhe elingafezekanga. Oku kuphuculweukuqinaUkuguqulela ngqo kwiindlela ezihlala zihleli kunye nophahla, ekugqibeleni ukunciphisaUkulungiswa kunye nokulungiswaiindleko ngaphezulu kweUbomi Benkonzoyesakhiwo. Injongo ihlala injaloGuqula i-bitumenngendlela eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngenjongo yayo, nokuba yeyona ndlela iphambili yendlela okanye kwintengiso yeflethiuphahla. IUkusetyenziswaI-bitumen iye yaqhelekile ngenxa yoku kuphuculwa kwendlela yokusebenza.

Kutheni le nto ukulungiswa kwePolymer kubalulekile kwizicelo ze-qunuse zanamhlanje?

Ukulungiswa kwePolymerayisiyonto yokwenzai-bitngcono kancinci; Ihlala ibalulekile ekufezekiseni iimfuno zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nemigangatho yokwakha. Njengoko imithamo yetrafikhi inyuka, imithwalo ye-AXLE ifumana ubunzima, kwaye iimeko zemozulu ziba gwenxa, uqhelekileyoi-asphaltImizabalazo yokunyamezela. IsidingoGuqula i-bitumenisuka kwimfuno yezixhobo ezinikezela ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo ebonakalayo kwayeukuqina. I-Polymer i-bitumed eguqulweyo (PMB)Idilesi ngokuthe ngqo ezi ngxaki.

Ukuqaliswa kwee-polymers kuphucula ipropathi ye-viscoelate yei-bit. Oku kuthetha ii-asphaltUngaziphathe ngakumbi njenge-elastic eqinile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukuhamba kunye nokurhoxisa, ngelixa ugcina ukuguquguquka okwaneleyo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi ukukhusela ukuqhekeka kwengqondo. Oku kuphuculweUkuchasana nokuSebenzaibalulekile ixesha elideindlelaiindawo eziphezulu. Ngokufanayo, kubaUphahla lwe-bitumed bit, okuphuculweyo kunye nobunzima obunikezelweyoUkulungiswa kwePolymervumelaIzixhobo zophahlaUkuhlabela ngcono ukwenziwa kwezakhiwo kwayei-nestsIimeko zemozulu ezinzima, kubandakanyaImvula enkulukunye ne-UV yokuvezwa, kuqinisekisa ukuba ngaphezuluUkuhamba kwamanziingqibelelo ngaphezulu kwexesha elideUbomi Benkonzo.

Ngapha koko,I-polymer bitumedihlala ibonisa ngaphezuluukunamathelaIimpawu. Oku kuphuculweUmlinganisoiphucula i-Bond phakathi kwe-binder kwaye idityaniswe ngaphakathiI-Asphalt Povement, ukunciphisa amathuba okutyibilika (apho i-binder izahlulahlula khona kwi-aggregate, rhoqo ngenxa yokufuma). Ngaphakathiuphahla, ngconoUmlinganisoIqinisekisa ukuba i-leps itywiniwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye i-membrane ihlala inamathiselwe ngokuqinileyo kwikhubalo. Ngokuyintloko, isigqibo seSebenzisa i-bitumeniguqulwe nge-polymers lutyalomali lobuchule kwintsebenzo, ixesha elide, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweendleko zomjikelo wobomi obubalulekileyouphahlakwayeukwakhiwa kwendlelaIiprojekthi. IUkusebenza kokuguqulwaI-bittumen ithethela indleko rhoqo kancinci. Sihlala sibonelelaIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu i-asphaltezifumana izibonelelo kakhulu kolu hlengahlengiso.

Zithini iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeemodyuli ezisetyenziswa kwiPolymer i-bitumed?

Ezahlukeneyoiintlobo zokuguqulwaI-bitsumen ikhona, ikakhulu ichazwe yiUhlobo lwe-bitumed eguqulweyo modifierisetyenzisiwe. Ngelixa izixhobo ezininzi zinokuba njaloidityaniswe ne-bitumes yokuphuculaIipropathi zayo, i-polymers yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isebenzeIimodyulisi. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-polymersisetyenzisiwe ngokubanziukuyaGuqula i-bitumenI-Elastomers kunye neePlastomers.

1. I-Elastomers (i-SBSE-STYREE-BUADOGE-STyRene):

   • I-sbsNgaba irabha ye-thermoplastic edlulisela ibalulekilei-elasticykwii-bit.
   • NiniI-sbsIsasazeke ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathii-asphalt, iyenza inethiwekhi eqhubekayo yePolymer, inika iGuqula i-bitumenIipropati zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ingakolula phantsi komthwalo kwaye ibuyele kwimeko yayo yoqobo.
   • I-SBS i-bitumed eguqulweyoixabiswe ikakhulu ukutshintsha kwayoamaqondo obushushu asezantsiUkungakhathaleli kwayo ukudinwa, kuyenza ilungele iindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu aphambili kunye nemithwalo enzima yezithuthi ngaphakathiukwakhiwa kwendlela, kunye nokusebenza okuphezuluUphahla lwe-bitumed bitii-membranes. Ephuculweyoi-elasticyincedauphahlaindawo yokuhlala.

2. IPlastomers (APP-APTIC POLYPROPLY):

   • I-App yi-thermoplastici-polymerOkonyusa ukuqina kwayeUkuchasana nokuSebenzayei-bit, ngakumbi kwiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
   • I-appI-bitumed bitidla ngokufumana indawo ephezulu yokuthambisa kwaye ibonelela ngokuchasene ne-UV efanelekileyo kunye nokuqina.
   • Ihlala isetyenziswaUphahla lwe-bitumed bitii-membranes, ngakumbi ezo zisetyenzisiweyo zisebenzisa iindlela ze-torch, njengoko i-app incedaI-bitsumen yokuhambakakuhle xa ushushu. Ngelixa i-elastiki incinci kuneI-sbsI-bitumed bitumed, i-APP ibonelela ngobuchule obukhethekileyo kunye nokuchasa kwemozulu yeiinkqubo zophahla.

NgaphayaI-sbskunye ne-app, enyeIimodyulisiinokusetyenziswa, ngamanye amaxesha zidityaniswe, kubandakanya:

• I-crumber irabha ye-bitumed (CRMB):Sebenzisa irabha ehlaziyiweyoGuqula i-bitumen, ukubonelela ngeengenelo zendalo ecaleni kwezenzo zomsebenzi njengokuphuculwa kokunyangwa kwe-Rut kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Le yindawo ekhulayo yozinzoukwakhiwa kwendlela.
• I-Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA):Enye iplastomerici-polymerisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu.
• I-asphalt ye-asphalt:Izixhobo ezinje nge-gilsonite okanye i-trinidad lake asphalt inokusetyenziswaGuqula i-bitumen, ukutshintsha iipropathi zayo.

Ukhetho lwemodifierKuxhomekeka kwisicelo esicetywayo (uphahlavsindlela), Iimfuno zentsebenzo ezithile (i.G., imozulu, umthwalo wendlela), kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwexabiso. Nganyemodifierdlulisela iimpawu ezizodwa, usivumela ukuba senze ilayitiGuqula i-bitumenUkudibana ngqoukucaciswaiimfuno.

Luhlaselo oluhle kakhulu oluhlekisayo lokukhusela njani ukukhusela?

Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitIinkqubo zibonisa ukuphuculwa kwe-asphalt yemveliuphahlaIsigqubuthelo, sinika ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nobomi bodwa kwizakhiwo zorhwebo nezomzi mveliso. Eyona nto iphambili kubuxoki obuphuculweyoGuqula i-bitumenngokwayo, eyenza i-coreUkuhamba kwamanziinto yeIzixhobo zophahla. Ngokubandakanya i-polymersI-sbsokanye i-app,Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitI-membranes izuze bhetyebhetye, amandla, kunye nokomelela okugqitha kakhului-asphalt.

Enye yezona zibonelelo ziphambili ziyaphuculwaUkungasebenzi kwamanzi. II-polymer bitumedkudala i-gold, engenamthungo, kwaye inamanzi kakhulumembrane. LeUkuhamba kwamanzi okugqibeleleyoibalulekile ukuba uphompi okanye uphahla olusezantsi lwethambeka, olusengozini ngakumbi ukuhambisa amanzi. Ephuculweyoi-elasticyyeI-SBS eguqulweyo, umzekelo, ivumela iuphahlaUkuzolula kunye nemvumelwano yokwakha intshukumo kunye notshintsho lobushushu ngaphandle kokuqhekeza okanye ukwahlula-hlula, ukugcina ingqibelelo, ukugcina ingqibelelo yalo. I-appUphahla lwe-bitumed bit.into evikela amanziukhuseleko.

Ngapha koko,Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitIinkqubo zaziwa ngamandla abo kwayeukuqina. Ziqhelekile zenziwa njengamashiti aveliswe ngumzi-mveliso okanye iirowu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubumncinci obuqhelekileyo kunye nobungqingqwa. Ezi membranes zihlala zibandakanya ukongeza i-Mats (E.G., i-polyester okanye i-fiberglass), ethi, idityaniswe nobunzimaGuqula i-bitumen ukuthuthumela, zikhokelela kwiIzixhobo zophahlainakoi-nestsUkuhamba ngeenyawo, ifuthe le-HIL, kunye nolunye uxinzelelo lomzimba. Ukuguqula okugwenxa kuguqula ixesha elideUbomi Benkonzokwayeincitshiswe iimfuno zokulungisa kuthelekiswa ne-bitu yendabukoUphahla, ukubonelela ngabanini bolwakhiwo ngexabiso lexesha elide kunye noxolo lwengqondo. IIipropathi ezinamanzi afanelekileyozidityanisiweukuqinayenzaUphahla lwe-bitumed bitukhetho olukhethiweyo lokuthenjwaiinkqubo zophahla.

Yintoni eyona nto iphambili kwi-bitimed ye-bitumed bibimed bibimes?

Iinkqubo ze-bitumen eziguqulweyoIindibano eziqhelekileyo ezininzi ezinamanqanaba amaninzi zenzelwe ukubonelela ngombaneUkuhamba kwamanzikwayeukuqina. Ngelixa ukwahluka kukhona ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo elithileukucaciswakunye nendlela yokwenza isicelo (ukunamathela, ukuzibophelela), izinto eziphambili ngokubanzi zibandakanya:

1. Ukuthuka:Isiseko sesakhiwo seuphahla(E.G., iinkuni, intsimbi, ikhonkrithi) aphoInkqubo yokuphumlaifakiwe.
2. Ukufakwa:Inika ukunganyangeki kobushushu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwendlela yokwakha. Ihlala ifakwe ngaphezulu kwedesika.
3. I-Vapor Barriers (ngokuzithandela):Isetyenziswe kwimozulu ethile okanye kwiindidi zokwakha ukuthintela umswakama umswakama ekufikelweni okanye ngaphantsi kweuphahlai-membrane.
4. Iphepha elisisiseko (s):Inye okanye engaphezulu ekhuselekileyo kwi-substrate (i-insulvesher okanye idesika). IIphepha elisisisekoibonelela ngesiseko sephepha leCAP kwaye inegalelo kulo lonkeUkuhamba kwamanzinamandla. Inokubangelwa ngoomatshini, kulandelwai-asphalt eshushuokanye ukubandaukunamathela, okanye uzilungiselele. EzinyeIphepha elisisisekoIindidi zidityanisiweGuqula i-bitumen.
5. I-bitumen ye-bitumed ye-bitumed (iphepha lesikhombi):Le yeyona nto iphambiliUkuhamba kwamanziungqimba kunye necandelo elichazayo lenkqubo. IqulatheI-polymer bitumed. Umphezulu ophezulu uhlala ugutyungelwe ziigranus (zonyuselo lwe-UV kunye ne-aesthetics), i-foil, okanye i-tilukuthuthumela. Lemembraneisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweIphepha elisisiseko, kunye ne-thung bangqengqeleka kwaye zitywinwe ukusebenzisa ubushushu be-welding (Torking),i-asphalt eshushu, ukubandaukunamathela, okanye itekhnoloji yokuzikhethela. Lo mzi-mveliso owenziweAmaphepha eBitumenQinisekisa ulawulo olusemgangathweni.
6. Ukuphambuka:Ukhusela iGuqula i-bitumenI-membrane evela kwimitha ye-UV kunye nemozulu, iphucula ukumelana komlilo, kwaye inokubonelela ngembonakalo yobuhle. Ukungasebenzi okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iigreyiti zezimbiwa ezifakwe kwimakhishithi ngexesha lemveliso, elenziwe yindawo yokulinganisaukunciphisa ukufunxa kobushushu), okanye iipakethi.

Ezi macandelo zisebenza kunye ngohlobo lwe-nengergastic ukuba zenze ezomeleleyo, ixesha elideiinkqubo zophahla. Umgangatho weGuqula i-bitumen membranengokwayo ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ufakelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwazo zonke iindawo kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni intsebenzo efanelekileyo kunye nokwandisa iUbomi Benkonzoyeuphahla. Inkqubo yenkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ukhuselo olungafunekiyo lukhuseleko kunye neqhinaUkuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokunamathela.

Ngaba i-quimemed iguqulwe kwakhona iphucula ukwakhiwa kweendlela kunye nokuqina kwendlela?

Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngelixa idla ngokunxulunyaniswauphahla, Guqula i-bitumenidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule mihlaukwakhiwa kwendlela, ukuphucula kakhulu iukuqinakunye nokusebenza kweI-Asphalt Povement. Imigaqo efanayo isebenza: ukongeza i-polymers okanye enyeIimodyulisiiphucula ii-bitukukwazii-nestsUxinzelelo olubekiweyo ziimeko ezinzima zendlela kunye nendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. ISebenzisa i-bitumen eguqulweyo ngendlelaIzicelo zedilesi ngokuthe ngqoindlelaukusilela.

I-polymer bitumedI-Binders ikhokelela kwii-asphaltumxube onophawu olubalaseleyoUkuchasana nokuSebenza, ngakumbi i-rutting ebangelwa yimithwalo enzimaamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ephuculweyoi-elasticyithathelwe ingqaleloIimodyulisinjengeI-sbsincedaindlelaI-flex phantsi komthwalo kwaye iphinde ibuyise, ukunciphisa ukomelela kokukhathazeka okwenzekayo phantsi koxinzelelo lwetrafiki ephindaphindiweyo. Ngapha koko,Guqula i-bitumenkuphucula ukuguquguquka kwiamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ukwenza iindlelaI-PREFA YOKUQHUTYELWA KWI-PARMAL BROLLL SUMB. Olu luhlu lweNtsebenzo eyandisiweyo yenzaGuqula i-bitumenIbalulekile kwiindlela eziphezulu, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, kunye neendlela ezihamba kakuhle eziziidolophu apho iimfuno zomsebenzi ziphezulu.

UkuphuculwaUmlinganisoiimpawu zeGuqula i-bitumenYiba negalelo kwiindlelaUbomi obude. Umanyano oluqinileyo phakathi kwei-asphaltI-Binder kunye namasuntswana ahlanganisayo enze umxube unganyangeki kwimonakaliso yokufuma (ukuqhekeka), unobangela waphambi kwexeshaindlelaukuwohloka. Ngokuthomalalisa i-ruteting, ukuqhekeza, kunye nokutsala,I-Asphalt PovementyakhiweGuqula i-bitumeninikezela ixesha elideUbomi Benkonzokwaye ifuna rhoqoUkulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa. Nangona iindleko zokuqala zinokuba ngaphezulu kancinci kuneI-bitu eqhelekileyo, Isongelo sexabiso lobomi lithathweukuqinakwayeincitshiswe iimfuno zokulungisayenzaGuqula i-bitumenukhetho olusebenzayo lwexabisoukwakhiwa kwendlelaIiprojekthi. Izixhobo ezinjengethuIbhloko yeqondo eliphakathi le-Asphaltinokwenziwa kwezi zinto ziphuculweyo.

Ngaba i-cruber yerabha ye-crumbe iguqulwe i-bitumed ukhetho oluzinzileyo?

Ewe,I-crumber irabha ye-crubemed eguqulweyo (CRMB)iya kwamkelwa njengendlela ezinzileyo ngaphakathi kweGuqula i-bitumenItekhnoloji, ngakumbiukwakhiwa kwendlela. LeUhlobo lwe-bitumed eguqulweyoSebenzisa irabha yerabha entle efunyenweyo kwi-scrap tires njengemodifierukwenzela ii-asphaltIsibonda. Ukuzinza kwayo kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili: ukuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma kunye nophuculo lwentsebenzo.

Okokuqala,I-crumbe irabha ye-crumbeInika indawo ebalulekileyo yokuphela kwamatayara obomi, ebeka umngeni obalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kubandakanya irabha ye-cruber kwii-asphaltIphelisa izigidi zeetayala ukusuka kwi-Landfills ukusuka okanye isitokhwe, ukukhuthaza indlela yoqoqosho ejikelezayo. Sebenzisa le mpahla isetyenzisiweyo kunciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto ezimbi (zombiniI-polymer modifierskwaye inokubakhoi-bit) Iyafuneka ekufezekiseni iimpawu zokusebenza ezinqwenelekayo kwiindlela. Eli nqaku lihambelana kakuhle nemigaqo ekhulayo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye namanyathelo agxininisiweyo kwinkunkuma kwakhona kunye nolondolozo lwezixhobo.

Okwesibini,I-crumbe irabha ye-crumbeihlala ihambisa izibonelelo zomsebenzi obalulekileyo. Amasuntswana erabhanikezela nge-bitumenizinto zobushushu obuphezulu ngexesha lemveliso, ukwandisa i-bindestity ye-binder, ukuguquguquka kwiamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kwayeUkuchasana nokuSebenza(i-raut) kunye nokukhathazeka. Iindlelaiposwe nge-bitumenIguqulwe ngerabha ye-crub ingabonisa ukuba iphuculwe i-skid engachanekanga kwaye inciphise ingxolo yendlelakuthelekiswa ne-bitu yendabukoIipavements. Ngelixa intsebenzo ethile inokwahluka ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwerabha, ubungakanani be-paricle, kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa,I-crmbihlala ibonelela ngokuphuculwaukuqinakwaye kunokuba ixesha elideUbomi Benkonzo, ndifaka isandla kwityalaUkunciphisa imfunekorhoqoUkulungiswa kunye nokulungiswakunye nokwakha kwakhona. Njengoko inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji,I-crumbe irabha ye-crumbeiyenzeka ngakumbi kwaye inomtsalaneGuqula i-bitumenkwiGreenukwakhiwa kwendlela.

Zeziphi izibonelelo zexesha elide kunye nobomi bexesha elide bokusebenzisa i-bitumed eguqulweyo?

IsigqiboGuqula i-bitumenNgeempawu ze-polymers okanye ezinye iiarhente ziguqulela kwizibonelelo zexesha elide, ngokuyintloko ziyindawo ephuculweyoukuqinakwaye yandisiweUbomi Benkonzokubiniuphahlakwayeindlelaizicelo. Ezi zibonelelo ekugqibeleni zikhokelela kwindleko ezingcono zobomikuthelekiswa ne-bitu yendabuko.

• Inkonzo yoBomi:Esi isenokuba sisibonelelo esikhulu kakhulu.Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitIinkqubo zingakwazi ukwenza iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwele-30 okanye ixesha elide nangaphezulu kufakelo olufanelekileyo kunye nolondolozo, ngokuyintloko kakhulu ezininziuphahlaiintlobo. Ngokufanayo,I-Asphalt PovementukusebenzisaGuqula i-bitumenUngabonisa i-Lifepan emide kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ifune ukubuyiselwa kwimeko enkulu, enokubakhoUbomi Benkonzonge-50% okanye ngaphezulu kwiimeko ezifunwayo. Ukungaxhathisi okuphezulu kwi-subrmol, i-rut, ukudinwa, kunye nemozulu yemozulu kuthetha ukuba izinto zihlala ixesha elide.
• IIMFUNO ZOKUGQIBELA IIMFUNO:KubaGuqula i-bitumenyindawo enganyangekiyo kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zexinzelelo, ukubuyela umva kunye nobungakanani beUkulungiswa kunye nokulungiswazihlala zincitshiswa. KubauphahlaOku kuthetha ukuba zimbalwa ukulungisa ukulungiswa okuvuza kunye nokugabha okungaphantsi. Kwiindlela, kuguqula ukutywinwa kweendlela ezincinci zokutywina kunye ne-pothole. Oku kungagcini kuphela iindleko zokulungisa ngqo kodwa kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene nemisebenzi yolondolozo (i.G., ukulibaziseka kwezithuthi, imisebenzi yokufikelela).
• Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo: Guqula i-bitumenGcina iipropathi zayo ezinqwenelekayo kuluhlu lobushushu. Ayifuniukuthambisakakhulu kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukuba bube buhlungu kubanda kakhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba ilungele ukuqina kweqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo unyaka wonke, nokuba nguuphahlaenyamezela ilanga nelanga kunye nobusika okanye iindlelaphantsi kwetrafikhi. Ukukwazii-nestsEzi zinto zigqithileyo ziphambili kwi-onngevision yayo.
• Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo:Ngeepavements, ukuphuculwa kokuxhathisa i-Rut kunye nokungaxhathisi okunokwenzeka kunegalelo kukhuseleko ezindleleni. Kubauphahla, ukuphuculwaukuqinakwayeUkuhamba kwamanziNika ukhuseleko olungcono lwabantu abahlali kunye neempahla zexabiso.
• Ukubuya okungcono kutyalo-mali:Ngelixa iindleko zokuqala ukuyaGuqula i-bitumenkwaye uyisebenzise ngokwakhiwa kunokuphezulu kunokusebenzisaI-bitu eqhelekileyo, eyandisiweyoUbomi Benkonzokwayeincitshiswe iimfuno zokulungisaNgokwesiqhelo kukhokelela kwiindleko eziphantsi zobomi, zibonelela ngotyalo-mali olungcono lwexesha elide. II-Lifepan yeBitumenIzicelo zibonelela ngexabiso elibonakalayo.

Eyona nto iphambili kuyoSebenzisa i-bitumenOko kuguqulweyo lutyalo-mali ekunyamezeleni nasemva kobomi, ukuhlawula izahlulo ngokunciphisa ukuncipha kunye nobomi obusebenza kakhulu.

Siqinisekisa njani ukuthotyelwa komgangatho kunye nokuchazwa kwimveliso ye-bitumed ye-bitumed?

Njengomvelisi onemigca eyi-7 yemveliso ekhethekileyo kwimveliso enjeI-Coal Tar Pitch Flakeskunye namabanga ahlukeneyo eAphalt, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokubambelela ngokungqongqoukucaciswaIimfuneko zeGuqula i-bitumenyinto enkulu. Kubaxumi njengophawu lwe-thompson, obeka phambili umgangatho ecaleni kwamaxabiso okhuphiswano, ulawulo olusemgangathweni olusemgangathweni alunakuphikiswa. Inkqubo yethu ibandakanya iitshekhi ezininzi kunye nokulinganisa.

Iqala ngokukhetha izinto ezingafunekiyo. Isisekoi-bitKufuneka ufezekise iikhrayitheriya ezithile zomgangatho ngaphambi kokuba ungena kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa. Ii-polymerokanye enyemodifier (I-sbs, App, irabha ye-crumb, njlnjl) kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho emiselweyo malunga nokwenziwa kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Sigcina ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nabathengisi bethu kunye nokuqhuba uhlolo lwezinto ezingenayo. Ngexesha leImveliso ye-bitumed ye-bitumedInkqubo ngokwayo, iiparamitha ezifana neqondo lokuxubha, ixesha lokuxuba, kunye nenqanaba leShear lilawulwa ngononophelo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezenzekelayo kwaye zibekwe esweni oochwephesha abanamava. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusasazeka ngokuchanekileyo kwemodifierngaphakathi kwii-bit, ekubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni ukuphuculwa okufunekayo kwiipropathi ezinjei-elasticy, Ukuchasana nokuSebenza, kwayeUmlinganiso.

Ngobuso, uvavanyo olujikelezayo lwenziwa kwilokugqibelaGuqula i-bitumenimveliso. Iisampulu zihlala zithathwa rhoqo kwiibatch zemveliso kwaye ziphantsi kwebhetri yovavanyo lwelebhu. Ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekisa izalathi zentsebenzo eziphambili njengoko zichaziwe kwimigangatho efanelekileyo yamazwe aphesheya okanye yabathengi (E.G., i-ASTM, en. Iimvavanyo zihlala zibandakanya:

• Indawo yokuthambisa
• Ukungena
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-elastic (ngakumbiI-sbsI-bitumed bitmen
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-Shear ye-Shear ye-Shear (DSR) (ukubeka i-viscoelastic indlela yokuziphatha kwamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo)
• Ukugoba i-beam rheometer (BRO) (i-BBR) (iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi)
• Nxibelelani ixesha
• Uzinzo lokugcina (ukuqinisekisa ii-polymerIhlala isasazeka)

Ngokugcina iinkqubo zolawulo ezisemgangathweni (ezihambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-ISO) kunye notyalomali kwizixhobo zobugcisa zikarhulumente, sinokuqinisekisa ngokuzithemba ukubaGuqula i-bitumenIimveliso ziyahlangana okufunekayoukucaciswakunye namanqanaba okusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezicelo ezifunwayoUphahla lwe-bitumed bitkunye nokusebenza nzimaindlela. Le ndlela yokuxinana inceda ukuthintela imiba efana ne-Striud Spriud Mark Ixhala kwaye iqinisekisa iUkusebenza kokuguqulwaI-bitumen ihlangabezana nokulindelwe.

Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo: Ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili ngokukhetha i-bitumed eguqulweyo

Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyoGuqula i-bitumenImveliso ifuna ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngononophelo kwizinto ezininzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikhethiweyo ziyahambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Iingcali zokuthengwa kwezinto ezinjengoMarkopson, ukulinganisa umgangatho, iindleko, kunye nokufaneleka kwesicelo kubalulekile. Nazi ezinye zeengqwalaselo eziphambili:

1. Isicelo:Ingaba iGuqula i-bitumenyenzelweuphahlaokanyeindlela? Iimfuno zomsebenzi zahlukile kakhulu.Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitihlala ibeka phambiliUkuhamba kwamanzi, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuchasana ne-UV, ngelixaindlelaIzicelo zigxile kwiUkuchasana nokuSebenza.
2. Uhlobo lwe-modifier:Ukhetho phakathiI-sbskunye ne-app (okanye enyeIimodyulisiNjengerabha ye-crumbe) ibalulekile.
   • I-SBS i-bitumed eguqulweyoinikezela ngaphezului-elasticykunye neqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, elilungele iindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu obukhulu okanye apho intshukumo ebalulekileyo ilindelwe (E.G., iiBridges, ezinyeiinkqubo zophahla).
   • I-appI-bitumed bitInika uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana ne-UV, ihlala ithandelwa yitotshiuphahlaii-membranes.
   • I-crumbe irabha ye-crumbeinika ibhalansi yepropathi enezibonelelo ezongeziweyo, ngakumbiukwakhiwa kwendlela.
3. Iimeko zemozulu:Amaqondo obushushu axhaphakileyo (i-rights kunye ne-lows) kunye namanqanaba okuqinisa kakhuluUhlobo lwe-bitumed eguqulweyo. Izixhobo kufuneka zikhethwei-nestsImozulu ethile yengingqi ngaphandle kokusilela kwangaphambili. Umzekelo, ingingqi enabakhuseli abandayo kakhulu inyanzelisa isibophelelo esinokuqaqanjelwa kobushushu obuphezulu (rhoqoI-sbs).
4. Ukulayishwa kwezithuthi (zepavement):Kubaukwakhiwa kwendlela, umthamo olindelekileyo kunye nobunzima bezithuthi zibalulekile. Imithwalo enzima inyanzela i-Binders ngeqhina eliphezulu kwaye lungconoUkuchasana nokuSebenzakwiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
5. Indlela yokufaka:Kubauphahla, indlela yokufaka isicelo esenzelwe (itotshi, i-mop eshushu, ukubandaukunamathela, ukuzibophelela) kunokuphembelela ukhetho lweGuqula i-bitumeni-membrane. Ezinye iimveliso zenzelwe ngokukodwa iindlela ezithile.
6. Ukuthobela ulwazi:Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yeshishini (i-ASTM, i-AASTTO, i-EN) okanye iimfuno zeprojekthi. Ukucela ukuba iingcebiso malunga neengxelo zovavanyo zibalulekile. Njengomthengisi, siyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwamaxwebhu angabonakaliyo.
7. UKUFAKWA KWABASEBENZI NOKUXHASA:Ukusebenzisana nomvelisi onolwazi onikezela ngenkxaso yezobugcisa kwaye unerekhodi eliqinisekisiweyo lomgangatho lubalulekile. Unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo kunye nempahla ethembekileyo, ukujongana namanqaku eentlungu zamanqaku, yinxalenye yesindululo sexabiso.

Ngokuzihlola ngononophelo ezi zinto, abathengi banokukhetha ngokuzithembaGuqula i-bitumenimveliso, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide,ukuqina, kunye nexabiso lotyalo-mali lwabouphahlaokanyeindlelaiziseko zophuhliso. IIzibonelelo zeBitumenUtshintsho lubonakele xa imveliso yasekunene ikhethwe umsebenzi.

ISIQINISEKISO NEENKCAZO

I-bitumed bitimele ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo ngaphezulu kweqhelekileyoi-asphalt, ukuhambisa izisombululo ezityunjiweyo zokufunauphahlakwayeindlelaizicelo. Ngokubandakanyai-polymersnjengeI-sbskunye ne-app, okanye enyeIimodyulisinjengokuyibhubhathi ye-crub, sinokuba yinjinelii-bitUkuhambisa iimpawu zentsebenzo eziphezulu zibaluleke kakhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso kunye nokukhusela ukwakha.

Nazi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Uhlengahlengiso luphucula ukusebenza:Eyona njongo iphambili yokudalaGuqula i-bitumenkukuphucula kwayoukuqina, ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu,Ukuchasana nokuSebenza, Ukuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye iyonkeUbomi Benkonzo.
• IZIPHUMO ZOQOQOSHO: I-sbs(i-Elastomer) ibonelelai-elasticykunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi, ngelixa i-app (iplastomer) ibonelela ngobuchule kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu.I-crumbe irabha ye-crumbeInika izibonelelo zomsebenzi ngeendlela ezizinzileyo.
• Izibonelelo zophahla: Uphahla lwe-bitumed bitibonelela ngombane, ixesha elideinto evikela amanziUkukhuselwa kweflethi kunye ne-phall-calts phalls, igqithisile ngaphakathiukuqinakwaye ukuxhathisa kwimozulu.
• Izibonelelo zeNdlela:Ngaphakathiukwakhiwa kwendlela, Guqula i-bitumenUkunciphisa kakhulu i-raut, ukudinwa, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-subrmal, kukhokelela ekukhuseleleni, ixesha elideI-Asphalt Povement.
• Isicelo sisitshixo:Ukhetho lweGuqula i-bitumenKuxhomekeka kakhulu ekusebenziseni (uphahlaI-VS. Indlela), imozulu, imithwalo yendlela, kunye nendlela yokufaka.
• Imicimbi yokuqinisekisa umgangatho:Ukusebenzisana nabavelisi abathembekileyo abalandela ngqo kulawulo olungqongqo ngokungqongqo kunyeukucaciswaImigangatho ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni intsebenzo elindelweyo kunye nobomi obude.
• Ixabiso lexesha elide:Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neendleko zokuqala,Guqula i-bitumenNgokwesiqhelo inika iindleko ezisezantsi zobomi ngenxa yokongezwaUbomi Benkonzokwayeincitshiswe iimfuno zokulungisa.

Ukuqonda iipropathi, izibonelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweIindidi ezahlukeneyoyeGuqula i-bitumenUkuxhobisa iinjineli, izixhobo zokuthengwa, kunye neengcali zempahla ezinjengoMark Thompson ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi, ezikhokelela kwiziseko ezikhoyo, ezomeleleyo, kunye nezakhiwo. Njengomzi onikezelwe kwimveliso ekumgangatho ophakathi kunye ne-Asphalt, siyabona ukubaluleka kwexabiso elifanelekileyoGuqula i-bitumenizisa abathengi bethu kwihlabathi liphela.