Ukuqonda i-volali ye-coal raltiles kwishishini lealuminiyam: Isikhokelo esibanzi

I-Coal Tare i-volalits (ctpvs)sisifundo esinzima, ngakumbi malungaukuvezwa emsebenzinikumashishini anjei-aluminiumukunyibilika. Ukuba ubandakanyeka ekuthengenisweni, njengoMarko thompson ukusuka e-USA, okanye umsebenzi kumacandelo asebenzisa iimveliso ze-Coal, ukuqonda amandlaingoziKwaye indlela yokuphatha ngayo kubalulekile. Eli nqaku lijolise ekupheliseni ii-CTPVs, xoxa ngezinto zazo, kwaye uphonononge indlela ekusetyenzwa ngayo kunye nokusingatha njani izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunokuba negalelo kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zomsebenzi. Siza kusebenza kuyoI-nioshKwaye eminye imizimba ithi, kwaye kutheni olu lwazi lubalulekile kwimisebenzi yakho kunye nentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi bakho. Kuba nabani na ohlawula izixhobo aphoIi-ctpvsinokuba yinkxalabo, okanye abo banqwenela ukuyiqonda le ntointoNgcono, esi sikhokelo siza kubonelela ngokuqonda okuxabisekileyo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-coal tala ye-volalits (ctpvs)?

Unokuba uyazibuza, zithini eziI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(CTPVs) Siva malunga? Ngamafutshane,Ii-ctpvsNgaba umxube onzima wothuli, iimpuphu, kunye neegesi ezikhutshwe xa uCoal Tat Cart Suitch ushushu. LeUkufudumeza kweCoal Taryinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini. I-ATA yeCoal ngokwayo ilukhuni, i-alwed i-mnyama, yimveliso yeUkudibanayamalahle ukuvelisai-cokeokanye igesi yamalahle. Xa le teet yamalahle iqhubekekile, umzekelo, ukwenza isandi, ezi ntlobo zibomvu ziveliswa. Ukwakhiwa kweIi-ctpvsingahluka, kodwa zaziwa kakhulu ukuba ziqulathe uluhlu lweI-Polycyclic ye-phydcrocarbrocarbons(Pahs).

EziPahsliqela elingaphezulu kwe-100 eyahlukileyoikhemikhaliIzinto ezihlanganisiweyo, uninzi lwazo zixhalabisayoImpilo yokusingqongileyo. Ezinye zezona zikhethekileyoPahsihlala ifumanekaIi-ctpvsNANGANGELA amagama aqhelekileyo kwabo bakwiishishini, njengei-pyrene, i-anthracene, kwayephenanthrene. Kubalulekile ukuyiqonda loo ntoI-coal tar isetyenzisiwekumacandelo amaninzi, nokukhululwa kwezii-volitsyinxalenye yendalo ebandakanya unyango lwe-thermal. Njengomzi mveliso kwiUmgangatho ophezulu womzi-mveliso we-Tar Tat kunye nomthengisi, Siyazi kakuhle uhlobo lwezi zinto kunye nokubaluleka kokuqonda iimpawu zabo. Eyona nto iphambili ngayoIi-ctpvskuvela amandla okubakhoukuvezwa emsebenzinikunye nempilo enxulumene nokoingozi.

Kutheni ukuboniswa komsebenzi kwi-CTPVs kuyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo?

Esona sizathu siphambiliukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaIi-ctpvsNgaba inkxalabo ephambili ibangelwaI-carcinogeniciipropathi. Uninzi lwePahsngaphakathiI-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesbahlelwa njengomntu owaziwayo okanye otyholwayoiibhloko ze-carcinoge. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba elide okanye eliphezuluukungakhuselekiinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezithile zeumhlaza. I-Arhente yamazwe aphesheya yophando kumhlaza (iarc), inxalenye yombutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, ine-pit ye-tect ye-tect ye-carcinogenic njenge-carcinogenic ebantwini (iQela 1). Lo ayisiyonto ithathelwe kukuthathwa kancinci, kwaye ibalaselisa imfuno ye-tenrintment ilawula kwiindawo zomsebenzi aphoUkuvezwa kwe-coal taptinokwenzeka.

Ngaphaya komngcipheko weumhlaza, ukungakhuselekiukuyaIi-ctpvsinokukhokelela kuluhlu lwenyeIziphumo zezeMpilo ezibangeneyoZombinii-abution kunye nengapheliyoiimeko. Oku kunokubandakanya ukucaphukisa kolusu kunye nefotokopi (ukwenza ulusu luzenzeke ngakumbi ilanga), kunye neengxaki zokuphefumla. Abasebenziityhilwe ngamalahleIimveliso zeteyiti zinokufumana iimpawu ezifana nokukhohlela, eziveleni, okanye i-bronchitis. Ke, ukuqonda nokulawula iingoziidityaniswa neIi-ctpvsayisiyomfuneko nje yokulawula kodwa inyanzelekile indlela yokubakhuselayoImpilo nokhuseleko. Injongo ihlala inciphisaukungakhuselekikwelona nqanaba linokwenzeka.

Ngawaphi amashishini, ngakumbi imveliso yealuminium, ubuso be-CTPV bokubonisa umngcipheko?

Amashishini aliqela azibandakanya iinkqubo ezinokukhokelela kuzoukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyoImveliso ye-aluminium. Ngaphakathii-aluminium inyibilikayo, ngakumbi itekhnoloji ye-Söderberg okanye kwimveliso ye-onoded e-onbled, i-pitch ye-coal tatch isetyenziswa njenge-binder yeikhabhoniama-anode. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abandakanyeka kwezi nkqubo akhokelela kubungcali bePahs. Oku kwenzai-aluminiumUkwenza indawo ephambili yokugxila kulawulo lwe-CTPV.

Amanye amashishini anokubakhoI-ctpvs ivemIngozi ibandakanya:

• I-coke oveniUkusebenza: Abasebenzi kwii-coke oveniIzityalo ziphakathi kwezona zinto zifundwayo zeI-ctpvs ivemkunye nemiphumo yazo yezempilo.
• Izityalo zokuThuthiswa kweMaliI-Creosote, kunye nezinye iimveliso.
• Uphahla: Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisekwe kumalahle kwiflethiuphahlaUkungqubana kwamanzi kunokukhuphaIi-ctpvs, ngakumbi xa ushushu.
• Ukuhamba: Abanye bakhethekileyoi-asphaltIzicelo, nangona zingaqhelekanga ngoku, zinokubandakanya i-coal tar.
• Ukupheliswa kwe-electrode: I-pitch isetyenziswa njenge-binder apha.
• Iziseko: I-coal tatch ye-tetch ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo okanye izifungo zokumba.

Ngamava am njengomthengisi weemveliso ezifanaIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, Ndiyibonile indlela eyahlukeneyo yezixhobo ezinokubakho, kwaye iqinisa imfuneko yokwazisa kumacandelo amaninzi.

Ukuvezwa kwe-CTV ngokwenzeka njani kwishishini lealuminium?

KwiImveliso ye-aluminiumInkqubo, ngakumbi kwimigxobhozo, i-pitch ye-coal tatch licandelo elibalulekileyo. Isebenza njenge-binder yepetroleumi-cokeUkwenza i-carbon Anodes, ezichithwayo ngexesha lokuncitshiswa kwe-alumina ukuyai-aluminium. EyonaindlelayeukungakhuselekiukuyaIi-ctpvskubasebenzi kuleishishiniI-inhalation yemipu, uthuli, kunye namafutha aveliswe xa ezi zinto zibhakiwe okanye ngexesha lenkqubo yenyibilike. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abangela ukuba i-pitch ibole, ukukhulula umxube ontsonkothileyo wePahskunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziguqukayo kumoya wendawo yomsebenzi.

Cinga malunga nokusingqongileyo kwigumbi lembiza yei-aluminium inyibilikayoindawo. Kushushu, kwaye kukho impendulo eqhubekayo ye-elektroniki. Kulapho kunokwenzeka khonaI-ctpvs ivemihlala ilele. Imisebenzi enjengeseti ye-anode, icofe inyibilikisi enyibilikisiweyo, kunye nemisebenzi yolondolozo ejikeleze iimbiza zinako ukufaka isandla kwiumoya ukungakhuseleki. Ngelixa ulusu lolusu kunye nendawo engcolisekileyo ye-pitch kukwenzekaindlelayeukungakhuseleki, Ukuphefumla kweIi-ctpvsithathelwa ingqalelo ngokubanziingoziUkwenza igalelo kwinkquboIziphumo zezeMpilo ezibangeneyokwezi zikhombisi.

Yeyiphi imida yokubonakaliswa esekwe kwi-Coal Tylits?

Ukukhusela abasebenzi, amaziko olawulo kunye nemibutho yezempilo isekiweUkuveza imidakubaIi-ctpvs. KwiU.S.,IZiko likaZwelonkeUkhuseleko emsebenzini kunye neMpilo (I-niosh) kunye noLawulo lweMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (Osha) Ngabadlali abaphambili.I-nioshIcebisa umda wokuveza (PROS)I-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(ilinganiswe njengeiqhekeza lenziwe lulaiyonke i-protiments iyonke) yeI-0,1MG / M³ njengomndilili wexesha (i-T-) ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-10 zomsebenzi, iiyure ezingama-40 zomsebenzi.I-niosh ithathela ingqalelo i-coal tarI-Pitch ukuba ibe yindawo enokubakhoI-carcinogen ye-carcinogen.

Oshainomda wokuvezwa okufanelekileyo (i-pel) yeI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies(I-Benzene-inyibilikisi) ye-0.2 mg / m³. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le mida yenzelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kodwa intanda-bulumko, ngakumbiI-carcinogenicIzinto, zihlala zigcinaukungakhuselekiiphantsi ngendlela efanelekileyo (Alara). Ukongeza,I-nioshiseke ingozi ngokukhawuleza ebomini okanye impilo (Idlh) Ixabiso leIi-ctpvskwi-80 mg / m³. LeIdlhIxabiso libonisa uxinzelelo apho umsebenzi abanokubaleka ngaphandle kokubandezeleka okungenakuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo okunokubangela ukubaleka kwimeko yokuphefumla. UkulawulaukungakhuselekiIfuna ukuhlala kakuhle ngezantsi kwezi zinto zimiselweyo.

Ukuchazwa kwe-CTPV ekusetyenzisiweyo njani kwaye kuvavanywa emsebenzini?

Ukulinganisa nokwenza iuvavanyoyeI-ctpvs ivemKwindawo yokusebenza linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimpilo yabasebenzi. Oku kubandakanya isampulu yomoya ukumisela uxinzelelo lweumoya Ii-ctpvs. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyoiqhekeza lenziwe lulaUmcimbi opheleleyo oqokelelwa kwifilitha. Eli qhezu lithathwa njengento ebonisa iPahsUmxholo. Izixhobo ze-hygiene ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuzoba i-moya eyaziwayo yomoya ngokusebenzisa i-Sampling (njengesihluzi se-fiber seglasi) ngaphezulu kwexesha elithile, rhoqo utshintsho opheleleyo, ukufumana i-tbaukungakhuselekiinqanaba.

NgakumbiUvavanyoinokubandakanya iinkcukacha ngakumbiikhemikhaliUhlalutyo lokuchonga kunye nokulinganisa ngqoPahsnjengei-pyrene, i-benzo [a] pyrene, okanyei-anthracene. Oku kunokubonelela ngomfanekiso obanzi weukungakhuselekiIprofayile. Iinkqubo zokujonga rhoqo zibalulekile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu-i-coke oveniIibhetri okanyei-aluminium inyibilikayoamagumbi okuzithwathwa. Idatha eqokelelwe kuleuvavanyoinceda:

• Ukumisela ukubaUkuveza imidaidlulisiwe.
• Ukuchonga phezulu-ukungakhuselekiimisebenzi okanye iindawo.
• Ukuvavanya ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwamanyathelo olawulo.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelaOshaImigaqo.
• Ukubonelela IxabisoIdatha etyhefukwizifundo zefontiya.

Zeziphi iziphumo eziphambili zempilo ezibangelwe kukufumana i-CTPV?

IIziphumo zezeMpilo ezibangeneyoukusukaukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesyinkxalabo enzulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yeI-carcinogenicUbume bemimandla yayo. Ixesha elideukungakhuselekiInxulumene nomngcipheko owonyukayo womhlaza ohlukeneyo.Umhlaza wemiphungangumngcipheko obalulekileyo, ngakumbi abasebenzi kwiindawo eziphakamileyoumoyaUkugxininiswa kweIi-ctpvs, njengembalii-coke oveniUseto. Ulusuumhlazayenye inkxalabo ephambili, idla ngokudibana nolusu ngqo kunye neemveliso ze-Coal Tar okanye i-volaties ehlehliweyo, eqhutywa ziifotoselali. Kukho ubungqina obuphakamisa amakhonkco kwiUmhlaza womtshatokunye nomhlaza weukugayaInkqubo, kwaye inokubakhoUmhlaza wezintso.

Ngaphayaumhlaza, nazii-abution kunye nengapheliyoIziphumo zeMpilo ezingekhoyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• Imicimbi ye-Dermatological:Ukucaphukisa ulusu, i-dermatitis, kunye ne-Phototocity (ilanga elinzima-njengokuphendula kwilangaukungakhuselekiEmva kokuqhagamshelwa kunyeIi-ctpvs).
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla:Ukucaphuka kwephecana lokuphefumla, i-bronchitis, kunye nokuncitshiswaimiphungaumsebenzi.
• Ukucaphukisa ngamehlo:Ukutsha, ukubomvu, kunye nokungalunganga.
  IInkqubo ye-Toolognology'sXela nge-carcinogensUluhlu lweetayile zeCoal kunye neMijelo yeCoal-Tar awaziwayoiibhloko ze-carcinoge. Leisazisiisekwe kwindiza ebanzii-pidemiologicalIzifundo kunyeI-Toolotologyuphando, kubandakanyaIsifundo sokufaIziphumo zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi abaPhezulu. Ukuqonda ezi ntsimi linyathelo lokuqala lokuthintela okunempumelelo kunye nokunciphisa.

Yeyiphi indima ye-niosh kunye ne-osha yokudlala elawula ukuvezwa kwe-CTPV?

IIZiko likaZwelonkeUkhuseleko emsebenzini kunye neMpilo (I-niosh) kunye noLawulo lweMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (Osha) Dlala inqaku elibalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iindima zokulungisa iingoziyeI-ctpvs ivemkwiU.S. I-niosh, Inxalenye yamaZiko eLawula ukulawulwa kwezifo kunye noThintelo, ngokuyintlokoiZiko. Iqhuba uphando lwenzululwazi kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, kubandakanyaikhemikhaliukuveza ngokungathiIi-ctpvs. Ngokusekwe kolu phando,I-nioshukhulisa izindululo zokuthintela ukulimala ngokunxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nezifo, kubandakanya iminquba encongelweyo (i-Rels) kunye nezikhokelo zokulawulaukungakhuseleki. "Iikhrayitheriya zabo zomgangatho ocetyiswayo: Ukuboniswa kwemveliso ye-Coal Par" luhlobo oluphambili kule ndawo.

OshaKwelinye icala, iarhente yomthetho phantsi kweSebe lezaBasebenzi. Inkonzo yayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo nezempilo ngokuseta kunye nokunyanzelisa imigangatho nangokubonelela ngoqeqesho, ekufikeleleni, kunye noncedo.OshaUkuseka imida evumelekileyo ngokusemthethweni (iipels) zezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies. Ezi yinxalenye yabanziUmgangatho ongcolileyo womoya kumzi-mveliso ngokubanzi(I-29 cfr 1910.1000). NgelixaI-nioshicebisa,Oshaunakholawulakwaye nyanzela. II-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwendalo(I-EPA) ikwadlala indima ngokulawulaukukhutshwayePahsnjengokoIingcongconi zomoyaKwimo engqongileyo ngokubanzi, enokuphembelela ngendlela engathanga ngqo emsebenzini kwaye inciphise iyonkeUngcoliseko.

Singayinciphisa njani ngokufanelekileyo ingozi ye-CTPV ekubonakaliseni useto lomsebenzi?

Ukunciphisa iingoziyeukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaI-Coal TA Gala i-volalliesIfuna indlela eyahlukeneyo eyahlukeneyo, edla ngokubhekiswa kuyo njengolawulo lolawulo. Ezona ndlela zisebenzayo zijolise ekupheliseni okanye ukunciphisa iingozikumthombo wayo. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ulawulo lobuNjineli:Ezi zenzelwe ukususa okanye ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka emoyeni. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
  • Iinkqubo zokuphucula umoyaukukhutshwa, enje ngaphezului-coke oveniIibhetri okanye i-aluminium inyibilikisi.
  • Ebiyelwe iinkqubo zokuthintelaIi-ctpvsukubaleka kwindawo yomsebenzi.
  • Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo, mhlawumbi usebenzisa izixhobo ezivelisa ii-volaties ezimbalwa ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Ulawulo lolawulo:Oku kubandakanya utshintsho kwiindlela zomsebenzi okanye iinkqubo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
  • Ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abavezwayo okanye ixesha leukungakhuseleki.
  • Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezithile zomsebenzi ezikhuselekileyo zomsebenzi wemisebenzi ephezuluukungakhuselekiamandla.
  • Ukuseka iindawo ezithintelweyo.
• Izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE):Oku kuthathwa njengomgca wokugqibela wokuzikhusela xa olunye ulawulo alunakunciphisa ngokufanelekileyoukungakhuseleki. KubaIi-ctpvs, I-PPE inokubandakanya:
  • Ukukhusela ukuphefumla
  • Impahla ekhuselayo ukuthintela unxibelelwano lwesikhumba (iigloves, iiseli).
  • Iliso kunye nokukhusela ubuso.

Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kunye nemfundo malunga neengozi zeIi-ctpvskunye neendlela zomsebenzi ezikhuselekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Njengomthengisi, sihlala sixoxa ngeendlela zokuphatha iimveliso ezinjengethuI-Coal Tar Pitch FlakesUkunceda abathengi uqiniseke la manyathelo okhuseleko esiphelweni sawo. RhoqoImpilo nokhuselekouphicotho kunyeUvavanyoAmanyathelo olawulo aqinisekiswa ukuba bahlala besebenza.

Ukuzibophelela kwethu kwi-Zgghty: Ukubeka phambili umgangatho wokubeka phambili ukunciphisa iinkxalabo ze-CTPV

Njenge-allen, emele umzi-mveliso wam ngemigca yesixhenxe yokuvelisa e-China, ndifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi baseMelika kunye namaqabane e-Eust Erika, eYurophu nase-Australia ekufuneka siyiphatheleleI-Coal TA Gala i-volallieskakhulu. Imodeli yethu yeshishini yakhiwa ukubonelelaIimveliso ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zeCetroleum kunye ne-Petroleum Coke. Siyaqonda ukuba umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza unokuphembelela iimpawu zeukukhutshwaNgexesha lokusebenzisa kwabo, umzekeloi-aluminium inyibilikayookanye xa isetyenziselwaipoveIindlela ezikhethekileyoi-asphalt.

Siyakholelwa ukuba ngokugxila kulawulo lobuchwephesha beemveliso ezifana neyethuIbhloko yeqondo eliphakathi le-Asphaltokanye amabakala ohlukeneyo epetroleumi-coke, sifaka igalelo kwiinkqubo ezinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi nezingalawulekayo zabathengi bethu. Ngelixa isizukulwane saIi-ctpvsikwabandakanyekile ekusebenziseni ezi zixhobo kubushushu obuphezulu, ngokuhambelana, ekumgangatho ophezuluintoUnokuziphatha ngakumbi, incedise kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwamanyathelo olawulo. Sibeka phambili unxibelelwano olubonakalayo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zethu zihlangabezane nemigangatho yehlabathi, ixhaswa yimfundo eyimfuneko. Oku kujongana neenkxalabo eziphambili kumagosa okuthengwa malunga nokuhlolwa okusemgangathweni kunye namaxwebhu athembekileyo, ancede ukunqanda imiba efana nobuqhetseba kwesatifikethi xa besebenzisa abathengisi beentlungu. Injongo yethu kukuba liqabane lokukhuthaza ukhuselekileemsebenziniiindawo ezihlala

Ukuhamba ngekamva: Ukuzibandakanya kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokulawula ukuvezwa kwe-CTPV

Imbonakalo yolawuloukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaIi-ctpvsiyaqhubeka ivela. Kukho uphando oluqhubekayo ngamaziko naphakathiishishiniUkufumana iindlela zokuqhubela phambili ekunciphiseni umsebenziukungakhuselekikunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukuphonononga uhlengahlengiso kwiimveliso zepitch, njengokukhulaI-asphalt ye-asphaltkunye nezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-tar ekhethekileyo ezinokubakho umxholo ophantsi okanye otshintshiweyoPahsIiprofayili, ezinokubakho ezinokubakho ukuze kuncitshisweUkukhutshwa kwe-ctpvs. Izinto ezintsha ezintsha kubunjineli ulawulo lobunjineli, njengamaqhina afanelekileyo okuqhubela phambili kwezemoya okanye uyilo oluphuculweyo lokuyila iinkqubo ezifanai-coke oveniimisebenzi okanyeImveliso ye-aluminium, nayo i-qhosha.

Ngapha koko, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokubeka esweni kunokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo nangakumbiuvavanyoyeukungakhuselekiamanqanaba, avumele ungenelelo olukhawulezileyo. Izenzo ezilungileyo zigxininisa indlela epheleleyoImpilo nokhuselekoiinkqubo zolawulo, ukudibanisa ulawulo lwe-CTPV lube lubanziImpilo yokusingqongileyoIinkqubo zokhuseleko. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamashishini (njenge-aluminium, intsimbi, kwayeikhabhoniabavelisi abanemveliso), imizimba elawulayo enjeOshakwaye iI-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwendalo, kunye nemibutho yophando injeI-nioshibalulekile. Ukwabelana Ulwazi,Idatha etyhefu, kwaye iindlela zokulawula eziphumeleleyo ziya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni okwangoku nekamvaAbemi ngokubanziyabasebenzi abavela kwiingozi ezinxulumene nazoI-Coal TA Gala i-volallies. Njengomvelisi, sizibophelele ekunyamezeleni le phuculo kunye nokulungelelanisa iindlela zethu zokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zethu.

I-fetays eziphambili ekufuneka ikhumbule:

• I-Coal Tare i-volalits (ctpvs)Imixube entsonkothileyo, ngokuyintloko iqulatheI-Polycyclic i-Hydrocarbons ye-phydcrocar (pahs), ikhutshiwe xa i-coal teat ishushu.
• Ukuvezwa emsebenziniukuyaIi-ctpvsyimpilo ebalulekileyoingozi, kunye namakhonkco ukuyaumhlaza(ngakumbiimiphunga, ulusu,ibhedi) kunye nezinye iimeko zokuphefumla kunye nolusu.
• Amashishini anjeImveliso ye-aluminium, i-coke oveniimisebenzi, kunye nophahla ubuso obuphezulu beI-ctpvs ivem.
• I-nioshkwayeOshaNika izikhokelo nemigaqo (i-rels kunye neepels, zihlala zisekwe kwiiqhekeza lenziwe lula) ukunciphisa umdaukungakhuseleki. IdlhIinqobo zokuziphatha zibonisa amanqanaba emngcipheko onamandla.
• Ukuthomancitshiswa kubandakanya ulawulo lobunjineli, ulawulo lolawulo, kunye nezixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE).
• Umgangatho weemveliso zeCarlit Coal zinokuba nefutheUkukhutshwa kwe-ctpvs; Abathengisi abadumileyo bagxile ekungaguqukini nasekubekweni ukubambelela kwimigangatho.
• Uphando oluqhubayo kunye nokusebenzisana kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukuphathwa kweI-ctpvs ivemkunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwiishishini.
• Ukuqonda nokulawula umngcipheko onxulumene nayoIi-ctpvskubalulekile ukuba kuzo zombini ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukukhusela impilo emsebenzini okunokwenzekaInto ye-carcinogenic.