Ukuqonda i-Asphalt, iBitumen, kunye neTar: Umahluko ophambili kunye nokuSebenza kulwakhiwo lwendlela yanamhlanje

Xa sithetha ngokwakha iindlela okanye kwizicelo zemveliso ezifuna iiarhente ezibomeleleyo, amagama anjei-asphalt, i-bit, kwayetearihlala ivela. Ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha sasisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwincoko eqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zinemvelaphi eyahlukileyo, iipropathi kunye nokusebenzisa. Ukuqonda iUmahluko phakathi kwe-asphaltkwaye ezi zinto zinxulumene zibalulekile nakubani na kwiukwakhiwa kwendlelaUmzi mveliso, okanye amashishini afana ne-aluminium smelters kunye nemikhono yentsimbi exhomekeke kwiimveliso ezifunyenwe kubo. Eli nqaku liza kudla nzulu kwinto eyenza ukuba ngamnye akhethe, usetyenziso lwazo, kwaye kutheni ukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo, njengokukodwaUhlobo lwe-Asphalt, kubalulekile ukuba uphumelele. Njengomzi-mveliso enemigca yesixhenxe yemveliso ekhethekileyo kwimveliso yamalahle kunye nepetroleum coke, thina, kwiI-Zgghty. Makhe siyenze indlela yokucaca!

Eli nqaku likufanelekile ukuba lifundwe kuba liza:

• Chaza ngokucacileyoi-asphalt, i-bit, kwayetear.
• Chaza iUmahluko ophambilikubume babo kwayeIipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa.
• Xoxa ngezinto ezahlukeneyoiintlobo ze-asphaltkunye nokufaneleka kwabo kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo.
• Qinisekisa ukubaluleka kwezi zixhobo kwiukwakhiwa kwendlelakunye namanye amashishini.
• Nikeza ulwazi ekwenzeniisebenza kakuhle emaliniUkukhetha ngaphandle komgangatho ophambekayo, eyona nto iphambili kumagosa okuthengwa kwempahla efana noMark Thompson.

1. Yintoni i-asphalt, kwaye ihluke njani kwibhiyo?

Masiqale ngeziseko. Rhoqo, abantu bayadideka phakathii-asphaltkwayei-bit. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ngakumbi eMntla Merika, "i-asphalt"Ibhekisa kumxube ogqityiweyo osetyenzisiweyo kwiindlela zokupeyinta. Lo mxube uqhelei-bit, hlanganisa. Ke,I-Asphalt ngumxubephii-bitisebenza njengei-binder. Cinga ngayo njengekhekhe:i-bitngamaqanda kunye neoyile ibambe umgubo (i-aggregate) kunye ukwenza ikhekhe lokugqibela (I-Asphalt Povement).

Kwelinye icala,i-bityii-viscous manziokanye uhlobo oluqinileyo lweI-Petroleum. Yinto emnyama, inamathele, kwayeI-viscous kakhuluInto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo okanye ifunyenwe njenge-byproduct yeI-Petroleumukucokiswa. Ke,i-bityenye yezithako eziphambilingaphakathi i-asphalt. Igama elithile "i-bit"Ihlala isetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo ukubhekisa kule arhente yokubopha. Indima yayo iphambili kukubophahlanganisaamasuntswana kunye, enikezela amandla,ukuqina, kunye nokungena kwamanzi kwii-asphaltumxube. Umgangatho wei-bitichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kweI-Asphalt Povement, echaphazela ukumelanaukuqhekekaUkuqulunqwa kunye nokuSebenza phantsiukugcwala kwabantukwaye ezahlukeneyoIimeko zemozulu.

Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile. Xa umthengi enjengomthengi othanda uMark Thompson ovela e-USA uthetha malunga nokuthenga "i-asphalt," isenokubhekisa kumxube wesithuba esipheleleyo okanye ngamanye amaxesha, ngakumbi, iI-bittumer binderngokwayo, kuxhomekeka kwimeko yeemfuno zenkampani yakhe yokuthengisa kwiinkampani zokwakha ezindleleni. Sisoloko sicacisa le nto ukuqinisekisa ukuba sibonelela ngokuthe ngqo into efunekayo.

I-2.

Ngoku, iphitearilungele lo mfanekiso?Tear, ngokukodwa amalahletear, yahluke ngokupheleleyoi-asphaltkwayei-bitkwimvelaphi yayo. Ngelixai-bitiivela kwi-petroleum, amalahletearNgaba i-carblect ye-carbonis yamalahle, ihlala iveliswa ngexesha lokwenza i-coke kwishishini lentsimbi okanye igesi yamalahle. Kungumnyama, mnyama, kwayei-viscous manzi, kakhuluNjenge-bitumen, kodwa ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zahlukile. Ngokwembali, amalahletearyayiisetyenziswa rhoqoUkuncitshiswa kwendlela kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwayoukwakhiwa kwendlelaukwehla kakhulu kwimimandla emininzi ngenxaUkuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyokunye nomsebenzi ophezulu weI-Petroleum-Obuselei-bitkwizicelo ezininzi.

Enye yeUmahluko ophambiliIngaba lonto yitearngokubanzi inomxholo ophezulu wezinto ezivulekileyo ezithelekiswa nazoi-bit. Ngelixa ezinye iipropathi zinokubonakala ngathi zifana kumphezulu - zombini zimnyama, ezinamatheleneyo-iikhemikhali zekhemikhali zikhokelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi kwayeImpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo. Njengokuba,tearIngathethwa ngakumbi kuguquko lobushushu kwaye linokukhulula amatye anqabileyo eqingqiweyo (VOCs). Namhlanje, iimveliso ezifanaI-Coal Tar Pitch Flakeszixatyisiwe kakhulu kwizicelo ezithile zeshishini, ezinje ngokuveliswa kwe-elektrodes zegrafiti, imiqeshi, kunye neengubo, kunokuba zixhaphakeukwenza indlela. Ke, hayi,tearayililo elinye igamai-asphaltokanyei-bit; Yinto eyahlukileyoImpahla engekasilwa.

Kubalulekile ukuba abathengi baqonde ukuba ukuba bafuna izixhobo zokupeyinta zendlela, zinokwenzeka kwimarike yei-asphalt(umxube) okanyei-bit(i-binder). Ukuba iimfuno zabo zezi nkqubo ezikhethekileyo zeshishini, emva koko ilahleko ephezulutearIimveliso zinokuba kanye le nto bayifunayo. Sivelisa uluhlu lwamalahleteariimveliso, kwaye izicelo zabo zahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezo zethuI-Petroleum Asphaltiminikelo.

3. Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Asphalt esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa?

Xa sithetha malungai-asphaltukwakhiwa, ngakumbiukwakhiwa kwendlela, ayisiyo-i-fil-tict-yonke impahla. NaziIindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-Asphalt, Ngale nto yenzelwe ukulungiselela iinjongo ezithile, imikhono kunye nemithwalo yezithuthi. Ukhetho lweUhlobo lwe-Asphaltinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kweindlela.

Nazi ezinyeIhlala isetyenziswa i-asphaltIindidi:

• Umxube oshushu I-Asphalt (HMA):Le yeyona nto ininziisetyenziswe i-asphalt uhlobongokupeyinta. Iveliswa kukufudumezai-bitukunciphisa i-viscofity yayo kunye nokomisa ihlanganisaukususa umswakama ngaphambi kokuxuba. Ixuba i-asphaltemva koko uzisiwe, ulale, kwaye uhlanganiswe ngelixa ushushu. I-HMA yaziwa ngamandla ayo,ukuqina, kunye nokufaneleka kweendawo eziphezulu zendlela eziphezulu ezinjengeendlela eziphezulu kunye neendlela zokuqhuba kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya. Sihlala sibonelela ngomgangatho ophezului-bityemveliso ye-hma.
• Umxube ofudumeleyo u-Asphalt (WMA):I-WMA iveliswa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kune-hma (ngokwesiqhelo i-20 ukuya kwengama-20 ° C ezisezantsi). Oku kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-sortitives ezizodwa okanye iinkqubo ezivumelai-bitukurhwebahlanganisangempumelelo kwezi zincitshisiweyoamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izibonelelo zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-piel ephantsi kwayeukukhutshwaNgexesha lemveliso, iwindow yesithuba eside, kunye neemeko zomsebenzi eziphuculweyo.
• Umxube obandayo we-Asphalt (CMA): Umxube obandayo we-asphaltiveliswa ngokukhulisa ii-bitNgamanzi kunye nearhente yokuthintela ngaphambi kokuxuba nayohlanganisa. Ngokungafaniyo ne-hma,umxube obandayo we-asphaltayifuni ukufudumeza kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiubushushu obugciniwe. Ihlala isetyenziselwa imingxunya yokuthambisa, indawo yokuhamba okwethutyana, kunye neendlela eziphantsi zendlela okanye kwiindlela zasemaphandleni. Ngelixa ungahlala uqina njenge-hma yeprayimariindawo yendlelaIzicelo, nguisebenza kakuhle emaliniIsisombululo sokulungiswa kunye neemeko ezinqabileyo.
• I-porous ye-asphalt:Leuhlobo lwe-asphaltIpesenti ephezulu ye-voids yomoya, ivumela amanzi ukuba aqalise kwiindlelaUmphezulu kwibhedi yelitye lokuvuselela phantsi. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa amanzi angaphezulu, ukuphucula ukunganyangeki, kunye nokunciphisaIngxolo yendlela. YiIndawo intleInketho yokulawula amanzi esitshi.
• I-mastic asphalt (okanye i-asphalt mastic):Esi sisidima, asisebenzii-asphaltyenziwe nge-overi-bitUmxholo. Ihlala ihleli, inamandla, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa izicelo ezikhethekileyo ezinjengebhulorho, uhlaselo, kunye nomgangatho.
• I-asphalt ye-aspharl:Ukomeleza ukusebenza,i-bitinokuguqulwa nge-polymers okanye ezinye izongezwa.I-asphalt ye-asphaltinika ukuphuculwa kokuchasana nokuchasana nokukhathazeka, kunye neqondo lokushisa. Oku kwenza ukuba ilungele iindawo ngeukugcwala kwabantuokanye ngokugqithileyoIimeko zemozulu.

Ukukhetha ilungeloUhlobo lwe-Asphaltsisigqibo esibalulekileyo nakweyiphi naIprojekthi yokwakha. Ibandakanya ukuqwalasela izinto ezinje ngevolumu yendlela, imozulu, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kunye nobomi onqwenelekayoindlela. Njengomthengisi, sisebenza ngokusondeleyo nabathengi bethu ukuze baqonde iimfuno zabo ezithile zei-asphaltkwaye unike inqanaba elifanelekileyoi-bitokanye ikhethekileyoi-asphaltiimveliso.

4. Kutheni le nto i-Asphalt iyona nto iphambili kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezihambayo?

I-asphaltiye yaba yinto ekhokelayoukwakhiwa kwendlelaEhlabathini lonke, kunye nesizathu esivakalayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kungenxa yokudityaniswa kwezinto ezenza kulungele kakhulu ukudala i-quorable, igudile, kwayeisebenza kakuhle emalini indawo yendlelaIzisombululo. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeendlela ezipeyintiweyo e-USA, umzekelo,i-asphalt. Oku akwenzekanga ngengozi!

Esona sizathu siphambili sei-asphaltUkuthandwa kukuthandwa kukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.I-Asphalt Povementsziyaguquguquka, okuthethayo zinokukhulisa iindawo zokuhlala kunye nokuhamba ngaphandle kwangokoukuqhekekaukwakhiwa. Olu bhetyebhetye lube negalelo kuhambo olukhawulezileyo kunye nohambo olukhawulezayo xa kuthelekiswa nengqolowaindlelaiintlobo, ukunciphisaIngxolo yendlela. Ngapha koko,Iindlela ze-AsphaltNikezela ngokuchasene ne-skidi elungileyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwezithuthi. Iukuqinayenzelwe kakuhle kwaye yakhiweI-Asphalt Povementkuthetha ukuba inokuphathaItrafikhi enzima kunye nemozulu eyahlukeneyongokufezekileyo iminyaka emininzi.

Enye ilungelo elibalulekileyo yilei-asphaltyi-100% ihlaziyiwe.I-asphalt ye-asphalt ye-asphalt(I-rap) inokubandakanywa kwintshaI-Asphalt ixube, ukunciphisa isidingo sezinto zentombi kunye nokuphambukisa inkunkuma ukusuka kumhlaba. Oku kwenzai-asphaltngakumbiIndawo intleInkethokuthelekiswa nezinye izinto. Ukukwaziphinda usebenzise kwakhona isetyenziswe i-asphaltAyisiyo kuphela imithombo yendalo enjehlanganisakwayei-bitKodwa ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ngokupheleleyoisebenza kakuhle emaliniubume beUlwakhiwo lwendlela kunye nokulungiswa. Ukusuka kumava ethu, imfuno yomgangatho ophezului-bitOko kunokufaka i-rap ukwanda njengoko uzinzo kuba yinto enkulu ekugxilwe kuyo.

I-5. Indima ebalulekileyo yeBitumen: I-Binder e-Asphalt Hung

Njengoko siye sacinga,i-bitliqhawe elingaqhelekangai-asphaltumxube. Ngokwesiqhelo yenza malunga ne-5% yei-asphalt xubangobunzima, kodwa indima yayo njengei-binderkubaluleke kakhulu kwintsebenzo kwayeukuqinayeI-Asphalt Povement. Ngaphandlei-bit, i-asphaltingaba yimfumba yokukhululekahlanganisa.

Umsebenzi ophambili wei-bitkukubopha iI-Aggregates kunye neBitumenkunye, benza ubunzima obuphilayo kunye nesizinza. LeVidiyoImpahla yempahlahlanganisaamasuntswana, ukudala amaqhina amanendlalo. Ezi bhuti zibonelelai-asphaltNgamandla ayo ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo olubekiweyo ziindlela zendlela kunye nendawo okusingqongileyo. Umgangatho kunye nohlobo lweI-bittumen isetyenzisiweifuthe ngqo kwii-asphaltUkuchasana nokuncwina okuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukungcungcutheka (uxinzelelo kwiindlela zevili), ukhathalelo lokukhathazeka (ngenxa yokulayishwa okuphindaphindiweyo), kunye nokuqhekeka kobushushu (ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu). Amanqanaba ahlukeneyoi-bitzichaziwe kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zendlela zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukuthambisaI-bitumen inokuthiisetyenziswe kwimozulu ebandayo ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, ngelixa kunzimai-bitkukhethwa kwimozulu eshushu ukuxhathisa i-rut.

Ngapha koko,i-bitibonelela ngamanzi kwiI-Asphalt Povement. Igcwalisa i-voids phakathihlanganisaamasuntswana, okuthintela amanzi ukuba angene kwiindlelaUlwakhiwo. Oku kubalulekile kuba i-Ingress yamanzi inokwenza buthathaka abenze buthathaka abenzi bendlela, abakhokelela ekungathobeni kwangaphambili. Uhlobo lwe-i-bitinceda ukukhusela iindlelaFUNDA kwaye wandise ubomi benkonzo. Njengomthengisi wamabanga ahlukeneyo, kubandakanyaIqondo lokushisa eliphezulukunye neemveliso zobushushu eziphakathi, siyaqonda ukuba ukubonelela ngelungeloi-bitIqhosha lokufezekisa ixesha elideIindlela ze-Asphalt.

I-6. Ngaphaya kweendlela: Iipropathi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ye-asphalt kunye ne-bitumen

Ngelixaukwakhiwa kwendlelayeyona nto yaziwayo, eyahlukileyoIipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswayei-asphaltkwayei-bitYongeza kuluhlu olubanzi lwamanye amanye amacandelo omzi-mveliso kunye norhwebo. Ukuhamba kwabo amanzi kunye neempawu ezimbetheleyo zenza ukuba kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.

Nantsi ukujonga ezinye izicelo ezahlukeneyo:

• Uphahla: I-bitisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni uphahla lwe-shingles kwaye ivakalelwe.I-bimonousIzixhobo zophahla zibonelela ngesithintelo esihlala sinemigangatho, ethabathela kwizinto, ukukhusela izakhiwo ezivela ekuvuyeni nasemonakaliso wamanzi.
• Ukutywina kwamanzi kunye nokutywina: I-bitIzityholo ezikhutshiweyo kunye nezityholo zisetyenziselwa ukusekwa kwamanzi, iziseko, iibhulorho, imingxunya, kunye nee-canas.I-Bitumen EmulsionKwaye izisombululo zisetyenziswa kumphezulu wokwenza umaleko ongafanelekanga.
• Ikhreyithi yombhobho:Ukukhusela imibhobho ukusuka ekucoceni, ngakumbi abo bangcwatyelweyo phantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi,i-bitI-Poedings ihlala isetyenziswa. Oku kudlulela kwixesha lokuphila kwezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo.
• Isandi senziwe I-asphaltAmaphepha okanye iingubo ezisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa kumzi-mveliso we-automotive kunye nolwakhiwo lokunciphisa ingxolo kunye nokuntywila.
• Umgangatho wemizi-mveliso:I-mastici-asphaltibonelela ngesisombululo esinzima, esihlala sihlala singenamthungo semizi-mveliso yefektri, izindlu, kunye neendawo ezixhomekeke kuxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokukrazula.
• Iimveliso ezizodwa:Umzi-mveliso wethu, umzekelo, uvelisaI-asphalt ekhethekileyo ye-odsfield yeoyile. Ezi zikhethekileyoi-asphaltszenziwa ngepropathi ethile ukomeleza intsebenzo yokuntywila, ukulawula ilahleko ye-fluid, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwe-fallbore kwiI-Petroleumishishini. Ngokufanayo,I-Coal tat, Enye imveliso esiyigxinileyo kuyo, kubalulekile ekuveliseni i-carbon ama-anode ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium ye-Aluminium, igrafu ye-Steeelmenking, kunye nei-binderkwiimveliso zekharbon.

Ukusetyenziswa kweI-Asphalt kunye neBitumenIziqu ezivela kwiimpawu zazo ezisisiseko: zizolorikti (ithamsanqa xa ishushu, ilukhuni xa ipholile), inamathela, kwaye ixhathise amanzi kunye neechemicals ezininzi. Oku kubavumela ukuba bahlengahlengiswe ukuba baninziIipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa, zenza ukuba zibalulekileImpahla engekasilwaizinto kwishishini lanamhlanje.

I-7. I-Asphalt vs. bitsumen: Ukujonga ngokujonga ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo

Xa uthelekisaAsphalt vs. bit, kubalulekile ukuphindaphindaI-Asphalt ngumxubeiqulethei-bit. Ke, ukusebenza kwei-asphaltixhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho kunye nohlobo lweI-bittumen isetyenzisiwe, kunye nehlanganisakwaye udibanise uyilo. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuxoxa njanii-bitImpembelelo yempembeleloi-asphaltukusebenza kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo.

I-bitngokwayo, njengei-binder, iphawulwa nguVilosity, iBanga lokuThunyelwa kweTeneration (ilukhuni), indawo yokuthambisa, kunye nexesha. Ezi ndawo zibonisa ukubaI-asphalt xuba i-asphaltiya kubaphatha phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• A i-bitngexabiso lokutyikitywa eliphantsi (kuya kuba nzimai-bit) iya kukhokelela kwii-asphaltInganyangeki ngakumbi kwi-desformationamaqondo obushushu aphezuluKodwa kunokuba ntweni ngakumbi ekuqhekezeni amaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
• Ngokuchaseneyo, ai-bitngexabiso lokutyikitywa eliphezulu (ukuthambisai-bit) Uya kuvelisa bhetyebhetye ngakumbii-asphalt, ilunge ngakumbi kwimozulu ebandayo kodwa enokubakho kancinci phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kwimozulu eshushu.

Ngokwendlela yokufaka isicelo,I-bitume isetyenziswa rhoqonjengeyona nto iphambili ekutshithweni (amatywina e-chip okanye ukunxiba okungaphezulu), apho ungqimba khonai-bitumen eshushuitshiswe kwindawo yendlela, ilandelwa ngumaleko wehlanganisa. Oku yiisebenza kakuhle emaliniIndlela yokutywina iipakethi ezikhoyo kunye nokuphucula ukunganyangeki kwe-skid.Kanti i-bitumenlicandelo,i-asphalt(Izinto ezithile ezihlanganisiweyo) zisetyenziselwa imingxunya yesakhiwoindlela, ukubonelela ngomthamo ophambili womthwalo. EyahlukileyoI-Asphalt ixube.Ii-Asphalt Lawersngaphakathi kwiindlelaUlwakhiwo (ikhosi yesiseko, ikhosi ye-Binder, inxibe ikhosiukuqina.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwahlukaI-bitsumen okanye i-asphaltIimveliso ekugqibeleni zixhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeIprojekthi yokwakha. Umzekelo, indlela ephezulu yendlela ephezulu iya kufuna iqhinaUmxube oshushu we-asphaltNge-polymer-iguqulwei-bitukuphuculwaukuqina, ngelixa i-driveway yendawo yasemaphandleni inokufumana ngokwaneleyoIzixhobo ze-Asphalt. Ukuqonda i-nuesAsphalt vs bitumenInceda iinjineli kunye neengcali zempahla ezinje ngomanqaku e-Thompson zenza ezona zigqibo zinolwazi lokuqinisekisa ukuba imeko yolo mvelo kunye nendleko.

8. Zithini izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye nefuthe lokusebenzisa i-asphalt kunye nebhitumene?

IImpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyoyei-asphaltkwayei-bitImveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kukuqwalaselwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwiUmzi mveliso wase-Asphalt. Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yeshishini ebandakanyaI-PetroleumIimveliso, kukho imiceli mngeni, kodwa ikwanani kunye neendlela ezibalulekileyo ezenziwa kukuzinza.

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili zemeko yokusingqongileyo zinxulumene neukukhutshwaNgexesha lokuveliswa kweUmxube oshushu we-asphalt. UkufudumezaI-bitumen kunye ne-agergatesukuyaamaqondo obushushu aphezuluSebenzisa amandla kwaye unokukhupha igesi eluhlaza kunye neegesi ze-greenhough kunye ne-orting ye-organic computers (VOCs). Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lisebenze ngenkuthalo ukunciphisa oku. Uphuhliso lomxube ofudumeleyoI-asphalt(I-WMA) ngumntu ophambili. NgokuvumelaImveliso ye-Asphaltkumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, i-WMA inciphisaUkusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa. Oku akupheleli kuphelaImpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyoKodwa kunokukhokelela kwimali engahlawulelwayo.

Enye inkalo elungileyo kukuphinda usebenzise kwakhonai-asphalt. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili,I-Asphalt Povementyenye yezona zinto zisetyenzisiweyo zehlabathi.I-asphalt ye-asphalt ye-asphalt(I-rap) inokubandakanywa kwintshaI-Asphalt ixubeKwiipesenti eziphezulu, ukunciphisa imfuneko yentombii-bitkwayehlanganisa, ukulondolozwa kwezixhobo zendalo, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokugcwalisa umhlaba. Le meko yeSetyhula iyophulisa kakhulu iprofayili yokuzivocavocaIindlela ze-Asphalt. Ukongeza, ukuqhubela phambili ngaphakathiI-Asphalt Technologieskubandakanya uphuhliso lweI-porourals asphalt, enceda ekulawuleni amanzi e-cruiff, ukunciphisa izikhukula kwaye kungcolise ukungcola. Iinzame zikwakhona ukuqhubela phambili ukutshatisa ii-bio-binds ezivela kwizibonelelo ezihlaziyiweyo njengenxalenye yenxalenye okanye zitshintshiweI-bitum yepetroleum, ndijolise ukuqhubela phambilinciphisa i-carbon yonyawoyeukwakhiwa kwendlela.

Ngelixatear, ngakumbi amalahletear.ukwakhiwa kwendlelangoku zincinci kwiindawo ezininzi. Yanamhlanjei-bitUkuhlaziywa kweenkqubo kunye neendlela zokulawulwa ngononophelo zijolise ekuveliseni ii-bibors ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo xa zisetyenziswaI-Asphalt Povements. Kubathengi bethu, ngakumbi abo bakwimimandla enemigaqo engqongqo yendalo enjengaseYurophu naseMelika, siyaqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu zihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokuthobela. Ukuzibophelela KuUkuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyoibalulekile.

9. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo: Ungayikhetha njani i-asphalt yeendleko kwiimfuno zakho?

Ukukhetha ilungeloUhlobo lwe-Asphaltokanyei-bitIbanga kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni iIprojekthi yokwakhaiphumelele zombini kwayeisebenza kakuhle emalini. Kumnini-mveliso kunye neGosa lokuThengwa kweMfudyulo enjengeMark Thompson, ukulinganisa umgangatho kunye namaxabiso okhuphiswano yeyona nto iphambili. Ayisiyo malunga neendleko zokuqala zeIzixhobo ze-Asphalt, kodwa malunga nokusebenza kwexesha elide kwayeIindleko zokugcina.

Nantsi indlela esebenzayoUkukhetha i-asphalt elungileyo:

1. Ukuqonda iimfuno zeprojekthi:

   • Umthwalo wetrafikhi:Ngaba iindlelaInkxaso ukukhanya, phakathi, okanyeukugcwala kwabantu? Iindawo zendlela eziphakamileyo zifuna ngakumbiI-Asphalt ixubengeukuqina.
   • Iimeko zemozulu:Cinga ngemozulu yendawo. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo (bobabini ashushu kwaye kubanda), imvula, kunye nemijikelezo ye-freeze-thaw iya kuba nefuthe ekukhethenii-bitIbanga kwayeUhlobo lwe-Asphalt. Umzekelo, aIbhloko yeqondo eliphakathi le-Asphaltinokulungele imeko ethile kunye nezicelo ezithile.
   • Ulindelo lwe-Lifepan:Yintoni inkonzo yenkonzo oyifunayoindlela? Ixesha elinde elide linokucacisa utyalomali oluphezulu oluphezulu kwizinto zeprimiyamu ezinjenge-polymeri-asphalt.
   • Isicelo esithile:Yiyo entshaIprojekthi yokwakha endleleni, Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona, ukugabha, okanye ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kwimizi mveliso? Inye ifuna indlela eyahlukileyo.

2. Vavanya iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-asphalt:

   • Umxube oshushu I-Asphalt (HMA):Eyona ilungileyoukuqinakunye neendawo eziphakamileyo zendlela, kodwa zinokubiza kakhulu.
   • Umxube ofudumeleyo u-Asphalt (WMA):Ibonelela ngentsebenzo elungileyo kunye nezibonelelo zexabiso lengqongileyo kunye nexabiso elinokubakho ngenxa yobushushu bemveliso esezantsi.Inika ngconoukusebenza.
   • Umxube obandayo we-Asphalt (CMA):Kaninziisebenza kakuhle emaliniUkulungiswa okwethutyana, iindawo ezikude, iindlela eziphantsi.Ifakwe kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, iyenza ilungele imisebenzi encinci.
   • I-asphalt ye-aspharl:Cinga ngenkqubo yokufuna umsebenzi ophuculweyo.ukuqhekekaUkuchasana) kubalulekile, nokuba iindleko eziphezulu ziphezulu.

3. Cinga ngeendleko zexesha elide:

   • Ityhefui-asphaltInketho inokugcina imali ekuqaleni kodwa inokukhokelela kwiphezuluIindleko zokugcinakwaye i-lifepan emfutshane, ekugqibeleni ixabisa ngaphezulu. Ukutyala imali kumgangathoi-bitkwaye kufanelekilei-asphalt xubaUyilo luhlala luhlawula.
   • Into enokubakho ekusebenziseniiphinde yafumana i-asphalt(Rat), enokunciphisa iindleko zezinto kwaye yiIndawo intleukhetho.

4. Sebenza nabathengisi abanokuthenjwa:

   • Umboneleli onobuchule (njengathi!) Unokubonelela ngesikhokelo kweyona ilungileyoi-asphaltokanyei-bitkwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Siyaqonda ukuba "ixabiso" elibandakanya amaxabiso kunye nomgangatho. Siqinisekisa iimveliso zethu, nokuba ngumgangathoi-bitokanye ikhethekileyoi-asphalts, dibana nemigangatho yamazwe aphesheya.

Ngokuzibandakanya ngononophelo ezi zinto, amashishini anokubakhoyenza olwazi ngakumbiisigqibo, siqinisekisa ukuba bathenga iI-Asphalt esebenzayoisisombululo esihambisa ukusebenza okufunekayo kunyeukuqina.

I-10. Ukufuna i-asphalt ephezulu kunye ne-bitume: Yintoni ekufuneka bayifune abathengi?

Kubathengi njengoMark Thompson, othengayoi-asphaltkwayei-bitIimveliso ezivela kumazwe asaphuhlayo njenge china, ukufunyanwa kwezinto eziphezulu eziphezulu yinkxalabo ephezulu. Umgangatho weImpahla engekasilwaImpembelelo ngqo kwimpumelelo yeeprojekthi zabathengi, nokuba zii-aluminium smelters, iinyibiliki zentsimbi, okanyeukwakhiwa kwendlelaiinkampani. Nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ziziphilisa ezi mveliso:

• Uvavanyo olusemgangathweni kunye neZatifikethi:Oku akunakuphikiswa. Abathengi kufuneka banyanzelise kwiingxelo zokuhlola umgangatho ngokubanzi kwi-batch nganye yei-asphaltokanyei-bit. Jonga abathengisi abalandela imigangatho yamazwe (e.G., i-ASTM, AASTTO, EN). Ukuqinisekiswa njenge-ISO 9001 (yoLawulo loMgangatho) kunye ne-ISO 14001 (kulawulo lwendalo) zizimpawu ezilungileyo zokuzibophelela komxhasi kumgangatho osemgangathweni noxanduva. Umzekelo, siziqhayise kwindlela yethu yolawulo lomgangatho kwimigca yethu yesi-7. "Ubuqhetseba lwesiqinisekiso yindawo yentlungu yokwenyani," uMark wandixelela. "Sifuna abathengisi sinokuthembela."
• Udumo lwabathengisi kunye namava:Khetha abathengisi ngemikhondo eqinisekisiweyo kunye namava ekuthumezwe kwingingqi yakho (i-USA, eMantla Melika, eYurophu, eOstreliya, eOstreliya, njl.njl.). Umzi-mveliso omiselweyo kunokwenzeka ukuba neenkqubo zokuveliswa kwemveliso kwaye uqonde ubunzima bokurhweba kwamanye amazwe. Ukufundwa kobungqina okanye ukucela izingqinisiso kunokuba luncedo.
• Inkcazo yobugcisa:Chaza ngokucacileyo inkcazo yobugcisa obufunekayo yei-asphaltokanyei-bit. Oku kubandakanya iBanga lokuTya, indawo yokuthambisa, i-viscosity, kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno ezithile zokuguqulwai-asphaltsokanye iimveliso ezikhethekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unokuhlangabezana nale ngcaciso.
• Izixhobo kunye nokuHambisa:Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ukuphepha ukulibaziseka okunokuphazamisa iishedyuli zemveliso. Xoxa ngamagama okuhambisa, amaxesha akhokelela, ukupakisha (i.G., imigqomo, ininzi, okanye iifom ezikhethekileyo ezifanai-asphalt powder), kwaye amava omthengisi anezixhobo zamanye amazwe. Umthengisi onokuthenjwa uya kunxibelelana ngokuqinileyo malunga nemeko yokuhambisa.
• Unxibelelwano neNkxaso:Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubalulekile kwintengiselwano egudileyo. Abameli bentengiso yabathengisi kufuneka babe nolwazi, baphendule, kwaye bakwazi ukulungisa imibuzo yobugcisa. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukungaqondani kunye nokusombulula nayiphi na imiba ngokukhawuleza. UMark uhlala ugxininisa ukuba "unxibelelwano olungalunganga lungabiza njengendleko njengeqela elibi lezinto."
• Iindlela zokuhlawula:Qinisekisa iindlela zokuhlawula ezibonakalayo nezikhuselekileyo ziyafumaneka. Xoxa ngomgaqo ngokucacileyo.

Ngokujonga kwezi zinto, abathengi banokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko kwaye bakhe ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nabathengisi abathembekileyoi-asphaltkwayei-bit, qinisekisa ukuba bafumana izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana nezidingo zabo zeprojekthi kunye nolindelo lwabathengi.

I-11. I-Innovations kwiTekhnoloji ye-Asphalt: Ukutsala ikamva leziseko zendlela

IUmzi mveliso wase-Asphaltayisiyonto inqabileyo; Iyaqhubeka ivelaInkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-Asphaltijolise ekuphuculeni intsebenzo, uzinzo, kunye nokusebenza ngendleko. Ezi zicelo ziyinto entsha zibumba ikamva leIzibonelelo zeNdlelakwaye sicinga njanii-asphaltkwayei-bit.

Ezinye izinto ezinomdla zibandakanya:

• I-Asphalt ye-asphalt:Abaphandi bayaphuhlisai-asphaltsIngalungisa i-rocks encinci ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukubandakanya i-microcaps equlethe ii-rejuetors okanye iintsinga zentsimbi ukuba, xa zifudumele, zinyibilikei-bitukutywina kwetywina. Oku kunganciphisa kakhuluIindleko zokugcinakwaye wandiseindlelaUbomi.
• Iindlela zokuvelisa amandla:Iiprojekthi zePilot zivavanyaI-Asphalt PovementsIfakwe i-Crystals ye-piezoelectric enokuvelisa umbane kuxinzelelo lwezithuthi ezidlulayo. Xa kusekho kumanqanaba okuqala, oku kunokujika iindlela zibe yimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.
• Iindlela ezipholileyo:Zezii-asphaltsYenzelwe ukubonisa imitha engaphezulu ye-solar kunye nokuphucula ukwandiswa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa ubushushu bomphezulu. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa isiphumo seSiqithi sase-Urbac eRhiner, ukuSebenzisa amandla asezantsi okupholisa, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya.
• I-Bio-Asphalt kunye ne-Bio-Binders:Uphando olubalulekileyo luya kuphuhlisai-bitiindlela ezizezinye ukusukaI-PetroleumImithombo efana ne-LINGIN (ukusuka enkuni), microalisa, okanye ioyile yokupheka yenkunkuma. Ezi bio-bindrs zijolise ekudaleni ngakumbiI-Asphalt enobuhlobo kwindaloIzinketho kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwifosili yefosili.
• Iindlela eziphuculweyo zokurisayikilisha:I-Innovations iphucula amandla okusebenzisa ipesenti ephezulu yeI-asphalt ye-asphalt ye-asphalt(Rap) kunye ne-Asphalt ye-Asphalt Shingles (RAS) eNewI-Asphalt ixubengaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kubandakanya itekhnoloji engcono yoRejintunari ukubuyisela iipropathi zabantu abadalai-bit.
• Iindlela ze-smart ezinezinzwa ezingenisiweyo:Ukudibanisa oosoyeza kwiIi-Asphalt Lawersinokubonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani kwiimeko zendlela,indlelaimpilo, kwayeIimeko zemozulu, ukumisela ukugcinwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kolawulo lweendlela.

EziI-Asphalt Technologiesbonakalisa ukuzibophelela ekudaleni ixesha elide, uzinzo, kwaye ukrelekreleIzibonelelo zeNdlela. Njengomzi-mveliso unikezelwe ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezului-asphaltkunye namalahletearIimveliso, silandela kakhulu le nkqubela. Ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha kuya kusivumela ukuba sinikeleIlungileIimveliso ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezinto eziguqukayo zanamhlanjeukwakhiwa kwendlelakunye nezicelo zemizi mveliso, ekugqibeleni zinegalelo ngconoUmgangatho weNdlelakunye nekamva elizinzileyo. Uhambo lwei-asphaltukude kakhulu; Kulungiswa ngokutsha.

Iqhosha le-Geaways:

• I-asphaltNgaba izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zenziwei-bit(i-binder) kwayehlanganisa, ngokuyintlokoisetyenziswe kulwakhiwo lwendlela.
• I-bityiVidiyo, ifomu emnyama, eqinileyo yeI-Petroleum, ukubamba njengento ebalulekileyoi-binderngaphakathiI-Asphalt ixube.
• Tear(Ngokukodwa amalahletear) ithathiwe kumalahle, ngokwahlukileyoi-bit, kwaye ngoku isebenzise ngakumbi kwizicelo ezizodwa zophuhliso kunembaliukwenza indlela.
• Kukho ezahlukeneyoiintlobo ze-asphalt(Umxube oshushu, umxube oshushu,Umxube obandayo we-asphalt, I-porous, iguqulwe) ilungiselelwe izicelo ezahlukeneyo, imikhono, kunye nemithwalo yezithuthi.
• I-asphaltiphambili ngaphakathiukwakhiwa kwendlelangenxa yayoukuqina, bhetyebhetye, ukubuyisela kwakhona, kwayeisebenza kakuhle emaliniindalo.
• Xa ukhunjulwai-asphaltokanyei-bit, Gxila kuhlolo olusemgangathweni, iziqinisekiso (i-IS), udumo lwabathengisi, inkcazo ecacileyo yobugcisa, izinto ezinokuthenjwa, kunye nonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo.
• IUmzi mveliso wase-Asphaltyintshabalalo, kunye nenkqubela phambili njengokuphilisai-asphalts, Iindlela ezipholileyo, kunye nee-bio-binds zijolise ekuzinzeni okuzinzileyo kwaye zomeleleIzibonelelo zeNdlela.
• Ukuqonda iUmahluko ophambilikwayeIipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswakwezi zinto zincedaUkukhetha ilungeloInketho nayo nayiphi naIprojekthi yokwakha, ukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza.