I-Asphalt vs tar bitamen: chaza umahluko kwipeyinti, iindlela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso

Ididekile malungai-asphalt, tear, kwayei-bit? AWUKHO wedwa. La magama ahlala esetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngakumbi xa uthetha ngeendlela kwayeiindlela zokuqhuba, kodwa babhekisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinemvelaphi eyahlukileyo, iipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukuqonda iumahluko phakathi kwebhitumene, tear, kwayei-asphaltibalulekile nokuba uyabandakanyekaukwakhiwa kwendlela, izixhobo zokufumana iinkqubo zeenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso zifana ne-aluminium smelting okanye imveliso yentsimbi, okanye inomdla wokufumana izinto ezimnyama ezenza iindlela zethu. Eli nqaku liza kuyalihlolisisa ezi zixhobo, echaza into nganye, indlela eyahlukileyo (asphalt vs tare), kwaye kutheni ukukhetha ilungelo lokusebenza,ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza ngendleko. Njengomzi mveliso ngamava abanzi ekuveliseniI-coal tarIimveliso kunye nePetroleum Coke, siya kwabelana ngengqondo yokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezizizo.

Yintoni i-asphalt ikakhulu yenziwe?

I-asphalt, kwimeko yeukwakhiwa kwendlelakwaye ipeyinti, ayisiyonto enye kodwa endaweni yoko. Cinga ngayo njengekhonkrithi, esebenzisaisamentenjengei-binderkubahlanganisa(njengesanti kunye negrabile). Ngokufanayo,i-asphaltI-Poevement yintloko ye-raves ngumxube wehlanganisa.i-binder. Ii-bindersisitshixo esiphambili esibambehlanganisaNgokudibeneyo, ukubonelela ngokwakhiwo kunye nokuguquguquka.

Eyona ixhaphakileyoi-binderisetyenziswe namhlanjeyenza i-asphaltI-Poevement yilei-bit. Lei-bitixutywe nobungakanani obahlukeneyohlanganisa- ukusukacoarseamatye kwiI-Aggregate entleNjengentlabathi-kunye nefilillerisixhobo. Inxalenye ilawulwa ngononophelo ukufezekisa iimpawu ezithile zomsebenzi. Umxube ushushu (amaqondo obushushu phakathi kwe-300 ne-350I-Cegrees Celsius), ixube ngokucokisekileyo, emva koko ibekwe phantsi kwaye iqulunqwe ngelixa ishushu yokwenzazigudileyo, Umphezulu oqinisekileyo. Ke, xa abantu bethetha nge "I-Asphalt Road"okanye"I-Asphalt yokuqhuba", zihlala zibhekisa kwii-asphaltikhonkrithi, injineli efanelekileyoumxube we-bitumenkwayehlanganisa.

Yanamhlanjei-asphaltImixube yenzelwe ukuba ichanileimozuluIimeko kunye nemithwalo yezithuthi. Iipropathi zei-bit i-binderkunye nohlobo / ukuhlelwa kwehlanganisaImpembelelo ikakhulu kukungaxhathisi bendlela yokuqhekeza, ukuthoba, kunye nomonakalo wokufuma. Ukusetyenziswa kwei-asphaltIvumela iinjineli ukuba zidale iipakethi ezilungele yonke into ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlalaIindlela zokupaka kunye nokupakaininzi ukuya kwiindlela ezinzima. Oku kucocekile ngononopheloI-Asphalt ngumxubeoko kubonelela ngokuqina kwayeinto evikela amanzi umphezuluSixhomekeke mihla le.

I-Tar Icacisiwe: ivela phi kwaye yahlukile njani?

Ngokungafaniyoi-asphalt(ngokuyintloko isebenzisai-bitithathwe kwiI-Petroleum),tearyinto eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo.TearNgokwesiqhelongemvelisoifunyenwe kwiUkuchitheka okutshayileyo kwezinto eziphilayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zokufudumeza zinjeamalahle okanye iinkuningokungabikho komoya. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo olufanelekileyo ekufundeni ngokwembali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mvelisoI-coal tar, iveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba aphoamalahleifudunyelelwa ukuba ivelise i-coke (isetyenziswe kwi-steelmaing) kunye negesi yamalahle.

I-coal tarngumnyama, mnyama,i-viscous manzienoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweI-Hydrocarbons. Ngokwembali,I-coal taryayisetyenziswa njengei-binderekwakhiweni kwendlela, ekhokelela kwigama "tarmac"(Ifutshane kwiTarmasadam, indlela yokuqhuba yomatshini wendlela enamalungelo awodwa ngu-Edgar Purnell Holey ebandakanyatearnelitye elityunyuzwayo). Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekwesiphani kuye konakaliswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi, ikakhulu kubangelwa ziinkxalabo zempilo kunye nezendalo ezinxulunyaniswa nezixhobo zokuhlala eziguqukayo (VOCs) ngexesha lokufudumeza kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ngelixa isetyenziselwa iindawo yendlelaIzicelo zilinganiselwe,I-coal tarkunye ne-distilats yayo (njengeI-Coal Tar Pitch Flakes) Zigcineni izinto ezingalunganga kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto zophahla, umbhobhoukuthuthumelaii-enamels, izityholo, iipende, kwaye zibalulekile, njengokoiibhasiI-carbon electrodes esetyenziswa kwi-aluminium smelmenting kunye nokuthambisa. EyahlukileyoIipropathi zeekhemikhaliyeI-Coal tat, ithathwe kwiamalahle, yenzele icandelo elibalulekileyo apho intsebenzo yeqondo lobushushu ephezulu kunye nezakhiwo ezithile zekhabhoni ziyafuneka. Ukuqonda iUmahluko phakathi kweBitumen kunye neTariqala ngemvelaphi yabo:i-bitukusukai-oyile endala, tearukusukaamalahle okanye iinkuniUkudibana.

I-Bitumen ingaveli: Ngaba ligama nje le-Asphalt?

Nantsi indawo eninzi yokudideka. Ngelixai-asphaltkwayei-bitzinxulumene, aziyonto inye, nangona imigaqo ihlala ihleliisetyenziselwe ukutshintsha, ngakumbi kwimimandla ethile.I-bitIngaba ii-bindericandelongaphakathi i-asphaltI-Poevement. Yiinamathela emnyama, kakhuluVidiyoqinile okanye ulweloivela kwi-petroleum. Ngokukodwa,i-bityeyona inzimaiqhekezaifunyenwe kwinxalenyeUkudibanayei-oyile endala-Entsalela eshiyekileyo emva kwamaqhezu akhanyayo njenge-petroli, idizili, kunye neoyile yokucoca i-oyile isusiwe. Le ntsalela ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yiyovacuum ezantsikwinkqubo yokucoca.

I-bitumen ecocekileyoyindalo eqhelekileyoukunamathela. Indima yayo ephambili kwii-asphaltI-Poevement kukubopha ihlanganisaAmasuntswana (i-Sund, i-Green, ilitye eliqhekeziweyo), ukudala i-cosheed kunye nezinzileindlelaUlwakhiwo. Ikwabonelela ngeempawu zokufumana amanzi, ukukhusela abenzi lwendlela yendlela ukusuka kwi-Ingress yamanzi.I-bitngokwayo ithambile kwaye iqondo lobushushu liyinto esetyenziswa njengeindawo yendlelangokwayo; Ifuna inkxaso yesakhiwohlanganisa. Cinga ngei-bitnjengeglue, kwayei-asphaltnjengesakhiwo se-bied (I-Aggregates kunye neBitumenzidityanisiwe).

Ke, ngelixai-bitsisitshixoisithakongaphakathii-asphaltindawo yokuhamba,i-asphaltibhekisa kwiIzinto ezihlanganisiweyoisetyenziselwa ukupela. Kweminye imimandla yehlabathi (njengeYurophu), "iBitumen" ligama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi-binder, ngelixa eMntla Merika, "i-asphalt"Ihlala isetyenziselwa isibophelelo, kwaye"i-asphaltIkhonkrithi "kumxube wokugqibela wendlela yokugqibela. Nokuba isigama,I-bittumen inamathele, Vidiyo i-binderithathwe kwii-oyile endala, ngokwahlukileyo kwitearokuvelaamalahle.

I-Asphalt vs tar bitamen: ngowuphi owona mahluko kwimvelaphi kunye neepropathi?

Masive ngokucacileyo iUmahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-asphalt, i-bit, kwayetear. Ukuqonda olu mahluko kubalulekile ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile, nokuba zisiphangileindlela yendlelaokanye usebenzise iinkqubo zemveliso.

IsisekoUmahluko phakathi kweBitumen kunye neTarUbuxoki kwimithombo yabo:i-bitisukaI-Petroleum, ngelixatearivela kwiamalahle(okanye ngamanye amaxesha iinkuni). Oku kukhokelela kumahluko obonakalayo kwiIipropathi zeekhemikhalikunye nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo.I-asphalt, ke, yimveliso ebanjiweyoukusebenzisa i-bitnjengeiarhente yokubophakubahlanganisaUkwenza i-stirableindlela umphezulu. I-bitngokubanzi inikezelaIipropathi ezinokubambelelakwaye iphantsiIqondo lokushisaxa kuthelekiswa nemvelitear, yenze ukuba ibe kukhetho olukhethiweyo lwangokuukwakhiwa kwendlela.

Ngaba i-tan isasetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuhamba kunye neendlela zokuqhuba?

Ngelixatear(ngokukodwaI-coal tar) Ngaba yayisisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokupela ngaphambili, esikhokelela kwigama "tarmac, "Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kule mihlaukwakhiwa kwendlelakwaye ngenxa yokupeyintaiindlela zokuqhubainciphile kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi. Izizathu eziphambili ziinkxalabo yezempilo kunye nezendalo ezinxulunyaniswa nezihloko eziguqukayo ezifunyenweI-coal tar. Xa usabele isicelo,tearUkukhupha umsi oqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezinokubakho, kubandakanya i-carcinogens. Ngapha koko,tear-izityholo ezisetyenzisiweyoIindlela zokupaka kunye nokupakaAmaqashiso anokunxiba kwaye angcolise umhlaba okufuphi kunye neendlela zamanzi.

Ngenxa yoko,i-bit-Obuselei-asphaltithathe indawo enkulutearkwizicelo zokupeyinta.I-asphaltumxube usebenzisai-bitNgokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengento ekhuselekileyo yokuphatha kwaye ivelise ukukhutshwa okumbalwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Baye bathanda ukubonelela ngeempawu ezingcono zokusebenza, kubandakanya ukuguquguquka okukhuluIimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, iphuculweukuqina, kwaye ukumelana ngcono ukuhlukana (aphoi-binderUkwahlula kwihlanganisa). Ngelixa ezinye izicelo ze-niche okanye imimandla ethile isenokusetyenziswatearIimveliso ezingasekekanga, ngakumbi ukutywina, akusekho mgangatho mtshaindlelaukwakhiwa.

Izicelo ezifuna ipropathi ethile yeI-coal tar, njengokuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu okanye izakhiwo ezithile zekhabhoni, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyaqhubeka kuseto lwemizi-mveliso. Oku kubandakanya imvelisoI-asphalt ekhethekileyo ye-odsfield yeoyile, izixhobo zokuphahla, kunye nobuqhetseba,I-Coal tatnjengei-binderkwikharbon electrodes kwi-aluminium kunye namashishini entsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweeprojekthi zepeyinti (indlela yendlela, ukuqhuba, Ukupaka iqashiso),i-bit-Obuselei-asphaltNgaba izinto ezikhethiweyo nezikhulu.

Ngaba iipropathi zekhemikhali zeBitumen kunye neTar Ifuthe lokusetyenziswa kwazo?

EyahlukileyoIipropathi zeekhemikhaliyei-bitkwayetearinoxanduva ngokuthe ngqo kwiziko labo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kunye nezicelo.I-bit, ukuba yintsalela ukusukai-oyile endala Ukudibana, inezifo ezinkulu ze-hydrocarbon ezinkulu, kubandakanya i-Asphaltenes, i-resins, kunye neoyile. Ezi zinto zinikai-bituphawu lwayoVidiyo, ukunamathela, kwayeinto evikela amanziIipropathi, zenza ukuba ibe yeyona ibalaseleyoi-binderkubahlanganisangaphakathii-asphaltIipavements. YayoUmlinganisokwi-mineralhlanganisayomelele, kwaye iipropathi zayo zinokuguqulwa (i.G., usebenzisa i-polymers) ukomeleza intsebenzo ngokulandelelanaimozulus okanye phantsi kwemithwalo enzima yezithuthi. Nangona kunjalo,i-bitIngachaphazeleka kwi-oxidation kunye nokwaluphala ekuhambeni kwexesha, inokuba njalobrittle.

I-coal tar, kubangelwaUKUQHUTYELWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA, zityebileI-Hydrocarbons, kubandakanya i-polycyclic hellrocarbons (pahs). Le phunga lemichiza linikatearUkungaxhathisi okuqatha emanzini kunye neekhemikhali, yiyo loo nto ixabisekileukuthuthumelakunye nezicelo zetywina. Nangona kunjalo,tearngokubanzi iphezuluIqondo lokushisakunokubai-bit.brittlekubanda. Ngapha koko, ubukho be-pahs bukhwela impilo kunye nenkxalabo yezendalo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibandakanya ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo okanye ezinokubangela ipeyinti.

EziIipropathi zeekhemikhalichaza izinto zazo eziphambili.I-bit'Biipropathi ezinamathela, Uzinzo olufanayo, kunye nemingcipheko esezantsi yempilo yenza ukuba ilungele imiqulu enkulu efunekayo kwiukwakhiwa kwendlela. TearUkunganyangeki okuthe ngqo kunye ne-carbon (kwimeko ye-pitch) kwenza ukuba ingabaluleki kwizicelo ze-niche njengeqondo lobushushuiibhasi(E.G.,Ibhloko yeqondo eliphakathi le-AsphaltIthathwe kwi-coal tapt ye-coal tatch IUmahluko phakathi kweBitumen kunye neTarKwimo yekhemikhali sisizathu esiyintloko sesona singenakuphikiswa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu.

Zithini iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-Asphalt esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa?

I-asphaltAyisiyo-i-tit-bib-yonke impahla. Eyahlukileyoiintlobo ze-asphaltumxube zenzelwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyoukwakhiwa kwendlelakunye nokugcinwa. Umahluko udla ngokubandakanya uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lei-bitisetyenzisiwe, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwehlanganisa, ubungakanani becandelo ngalinye, kunye nokongezwa kweemodyuli. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kuyanceda ukukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo kwayeuqoqoshoisisombululo seprojekthi esinikiweyo.

Nantsi into eqhelekileyoiintlobo ze-asphalt:

1. Umxube oshushu I-Asphalt (HMA):Olu lolona hlobo lusetyenzisiweyo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela eziphakamileyo,iindlela, kwayeiindlela zokuqhuba. Hlanganisakwayei-bitziyashushu (zihlala ziphakathiI-300 ne-350 degrees Celsius) kwaye uxutywe kwii-asphaltTyala ngaphambi kokuba uthuthwele kwindawo, abekwe, kwaye aqulunqe ngelixa eshushu. Inika amandla,hlalani, kwayezigudileyo umphezulu. Umahluko ukho ngaphakathi kwi-HMA, njengokuxuba kwemigangatho emiselweyo (kulungile konke-phambili), iMatrix yamatyei-asphalt.
2. Umxube ofudumeleyo u-Asphalt (WMA):Ifana ne-HMA, kodwa iveliswe kwaye isetyenzisiwe kubushushu obuphantsi (ngokwesiqhelo i-20 ukuya kwengama-20 ° C Ezantsi). Oku kufezekiswa kusetyenziswa ukongezwa okanye iinkqubo ezinciphisai-viscofityyei-bit i-binder. I-WMA ibonelela ngezibonelelo zendalo (ukukhutshwa okuncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwe-till engaphantsi) kwaye ivumela ukuhambisa imigama ixesha elide kunye nokuphola.
3. Umxube obandayo we-asphalt:Olu hlobo lusebenzisai-bit i-emulsionokanye ukusikai-bitOko akuncedi ukufudumeza isicelo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa imingxunya yokuthambisa, ukulungisa okwethutyana, okanye iindlela zokuhamba kancinci okanyeiindlela zokuqhuba. Iphantsi ngokubanzihlalanikune-HMA kodwa kube lula kwaye i-shoraper ukuba ifake isicelo, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi emincinci okanye kwiindawo ezikude.
4. I-Astic Asphalt:Umxube kakhulu, ongenamntu ongenantoi-bitUmxholo. Ihlala igalelwe kunokuba iqengqelwe kwaye ibonelelwe ngokugqwesileyointo evikela amanziIng kunyeukuqina. Isetyenziselwa ukuthuthuzela ibhulorho, ukuphahla, phantsi, kunye nekhethekileyoindawo yendlelaizicelo.
5. I-asphalt ye-aspharl:Oku kubandakanya ukongeza ii-polymers okanye ezinye iimodyuli kwii-bit i-binderUkuphucula iipropathi ezithile njenge-elasticy, ukumelana nokuhamba okanye ukuqhekeza, kunye nokusebenza kubenzi bamaqondo obushushu. Iimveliso ezinjeI-asphalt ye-asphaltokanyeIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluUkuwela kolu luhlu, ulungiselelwe iimeko ezifunwayo.

Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nevolumu yendlela,imozulu, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olufunekayo, kunye neemfuno ezithile zomsebenzi weindlela.

Kutheni le nto ukulawulwa komgangatho kubaluleke kakhulu xa kuphinde ukuqesha iimveliso ze-Asphalt kunye ne-tar?

Amagosa okuthengwa kwempahla efana noMark Thompson, efumana izixhobo ezifanai-asphaltIi-Binders (i-bit) okanye i-mvelisoteariimveliso (njengeI-Coal tat) kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokufumana nje ixabiso eliphantsi. Ulawulo oluphambili lweparamount kuba intsebenzo kunye nobomi obude bemveliso yokugqibela - nokuba yiindawo yendlela, i-aluminium anode, okanye ukukhuselaukuthuthumela-Uxhomekeke ngokunzulu kwipropathi ye-binder. Izinto ezingahambelaniyo okanye ezingasebenziyo zinokukhokelela ekungathobeni kwangaphambili, zilungiswe iindleko, ixesha lokuvelisa, kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ofanayo uqala inkqubo yokwenziwa komthengisi. Abathengisi abanokuthenjwa, njengomzi-mveliso wethu e-China kunye nemigca yemveliso yesi-7, baphumeze iitsheki ezingqongqo ezingqongqo kwimfundo eyahlukeneyo-ukusuka kuvavanyo lwezinto zokuvavanya (i-oyile endalaamaqhezui-bit, krwadaI-coal tarye-pitch) ukubeka iliso kwi-parameters yenkqubo (UkudibanaAmaqondo obushushu, ukuxuba umyinge) kwaye avavanye imveliso yokugqibela. Iiparameter eziphambili zei-bitFaka iBanga lokuTyala (ubukhali), indawo yokuthambisa (ukumelana nobushushu), i-viscosity, kunye nexesha. KubaI-Coal tat, izinto ezibalulekileyo yindawo ethambileyo, ixabiso leCineline i-Infollines (Qi), kunye ne-toluene i-insullows (i-TI), echaphazela intsebenzo yayo njengei-binderkwi-electrodes.

Abathengi bafuna isiqinisekiso sokuba izinto abazifumanayo zihlangabezana neenkcazo ezifunekayongalo lonke ixesha. Oku kubandakanya ukucela iifayile ezichaziweyo ezichazayo, ukuqonda inkqubo yolawulo lomthengisi (E.G., i-ISO 9001), kwaye inokuthi ifune iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-backt okanye izatifikethi zohlalutyo. Ukuze izicelo ezibalulekileyo, abathengi banokuqhuba uvavanyo lwabo oluzimeleyo kwiisampulu ngaphambi kokwamkela ukuthunyelwa. Ukutyalomali kulawulo lomgangatho kukuthintela iindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kunye neentloko zentloko phantsi komgca onxulumene nokusilela kwezinto zezinto. Le nkuthalo ibalulekile xa ujongene nezinto ezifanai-asphaltkwayetear, apho umahluko ocacileyo unokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ukuqinisekiswa kokungena kunye nezinto zokungena: zeziphi abathengi abathanda uMarkopson kufuneka azi

Ngaphaya komgangatho wemveliso, abathengi bamanye amazwe njengophawu lwe-thompson, ukufunwai-asphaltkwayetearIimveliso ezivela kumazwe afana ne-china okanye i-vietnam, jongana nemiceli mngeni enxulumene nokuthathwa kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungenisa kakuhle kwaye kuthintele ukulibaziseka kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezi zinto. Ababoneleli kufuneka babonelele ngamaxwebhu achanekileyo kunye angqinisisayo ukuze afezekise imigaqo yokungenisa kunye nokwanelisa iimfuno zomthengi.

Izatifikethi:Iinkxalabo eziphambili zihlala zibandakanya:

• Ulawulo loMgangatho:Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001 sinika isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo esekwe ngokusemgangathweni.
• Ukuthotyelwa kwendalo:Kuxhomekeka kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, iziqinisekiso ezinxulumene nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo (i-E.G., ISO 14001) okanye iMigaqo yeZinto ezithile (ngokungathi yimfuneko eYurophu) kunokuba yimfuneko. Abathengi kufuneka batshintshe ubuqhetseba ngesatifikethi, indawo yentlungu eyaziwayo, kwaye kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba kuqinisekiswe iziqinisekiso ngokuzimeleyo ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Inkcazo yemveliso:Izatifikethi zohlalutyo (i-COA) kwi-batch nganye, eqinisekisa ukubai-asphalt, i-bit, okanyetearImveliso ihlangabezana neenkcazo zobugcisa ekuvunyelwene ngazo, zibalulekile.

IZIPHUMO:Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ukuthintela ukulibaziseka okuhambisayo, nto leyo inokuphazamisa iishedyuli zemveliso. Ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili kubandakanya:

• Ukupakisha:Iimveliso ezinjeI-Coal tatokanye uqinilei-bitInokuthunyelwa ezingxoweni, imigqomo, okanye iibhloko ezomeleleyo. Ulweloi-bitifuna iitanki ezikhethekileyo ezifudumeleyo okanye izikhongozeli. Ukupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo kuthintela ungcoliseko kwaye luqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Imigaqo yokuhambisa (i-Incoterms):Uxanduva oluchaza ngokucacileyo ukuthunyelwa, i-inshurensi, kunye nokuvuzwa kweseti (i.G., FOB, i-cif) kubalulekile.
• Imigca yokuhambisa kunye namaxesha othutho:Ukusebenza ngemigca ethembekileyo yokuhambisa kunye nokuqonda amaxesha okuhamba okuqinisekileyo kuyanceda ekucwangcisweni.
• Ukususwa ozenzele kona:Ukuqinisekisa onke amaxwebhu afunekayo (i-invoice yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, iBhili yeZiqinisekiso) ichanekile kwaye inikezwe ukuqhubela phambili ukukhutshwa kwesiko eligudileyo kwilizwe elifihlakeleyo (i-USA).
• Unxibelelwano:Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo ukusuka kumthengisi malunga nenqanaba lokuthumela, ukulibaziseka okunokubakho, kunye namaxwebhu kubalulekile. Unxibelelwano olungalunganga luyinto enkulu yokudandatheka kwabathengi.

Ukujongana nala manqaku ngokuxoxa ngokucacisa ngokucacileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukubanakho ukusungula, kunye nokuseka iindlela zonxibelelwano ezicacileyo - kungalinciphisa umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nokwakhiwa kwemali yeTar kunye ne-asphaltiimveliso.

Ukukhetha umthengisi wakho: izinto ezingaphaya kwexabiso le-Asphalt kunye neBitumen

Ngelixa amaxabiso okhuphiswano kuhlala kuyinto, amagosa okuthenga anamava aqondayo ukuba ukhetha umthengisi wezinto ezigxekayoi-asphalt, i-bit, okanyeI-coal tarIimveliso zibandakanya ukuvavanya ngaphezulu kweendleko nje ngetoni nganye. Ukuthembeka, ukungqinelana okusemgangathweni, inkxaso yezobugcisa, kunye nonxibelelwano zilingana ngokulinganayo, ukuba azikho ngaphezulu, ukuba zibalulekile kwintsebenziswano yexesha elide. Ukufunyanwa kwamazwe asaphuhlayo njenge-China kunokubonelela ngeendleko zexabiso, kodwa kufuna ukulungisa ngononophelo.

Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umthengisi:

1. Ingxelo eqinisekisiweyo kunye namava:Jonga iifektri ezimiselweyo eneminyaka yamava ekuveliseni iimveliso ezithile ozifunayo (E.G.,Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi, Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, I-Coal tat). Amava ahlala eguqulela kulawulo olungcono lwenkqubo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zokusombulula iingxaki. BethuUmgangatho ophezulu womzi-mveliso we-Tar Tat kunye nomthengisiIsazisi sithetha noku.
2. Imveliso kunye nokubanakho:Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unethanga elaneleyo (njengemigca yethu yesi-7) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zevolumu rhoqo kwaye zinokuvelisa amabanga athile okanye iimveliso eziguqulweyo ozifunayo.
3. Iinkqubo Zolawulo loMgangatho:Qinisekisa iinkqubo zabo zokulawula umgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso (i-ISO 9001). Ngaba bakulungele ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwe-batch kwaye bakwazi ukuhlalisa uhlolo lwesithathu?
4. Ubungcali bobuchwephesha:Nokuba umthengi ayisiyo ingcali yezobuchwephesha, umthengisi kufuneka abe nabasebenzi abanolwazi abanokuxoxa ngeenkcazo, iinkqubo, kunye nemicimbi enokubakho. Ngelixa uphawu lwe-thompson luyazazi ukuthengisa, ukuba nomnxibelelanisi womthengisiyenzaIyaqonda ukuba icala lobuchwephesha libalulekile.
5. Unxibelelwano & Newqwalaselo:Vavanya indlela yabo yokunxibelelana. Ngaba bayakhawuleza, bacace, kwaye basebenza? Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubalulekile ukuze kusonjululwe imicimbi kunye nokulawula izinto ngokufanelekileyo, ukujongana nenqaku lentlungu eliphambili.
6. Izixhobo kunye namaxwebhu:Vavanya amava abo ngokuthumela ilizwe lakho (i-USA, eYurophu, njl njl). Ngaba banokuphatha ukupakisha okufunekayo, amalungiselelo okuhambisa, kwaye banike amaxwebhu achanekileyo ngokuthembekileyo?
7. Ukuthembeka kunye nokuthenjwa:Jonga ukungafihli kunye nokuvuma ukwakha ubudlelwane bexesha elide. Izalathiso okanye utyelelo lwesiza (ukuba kunokwenzeka) kunokunceda ukwakha ukuzithemba. Ukuya kwishishiniImibonisoYindlela elungileyo yokufikelela kubathengisi ubuso ngobuso kunye nokulinganisa ubungcali babo.

Ukugxila kuphela kwixabiso eliphantsi kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezifihliweyo ezinxulumene nomgangatho ongalunganga, ukulibaziseka kokuhambisa, okanye ukuhlukana konxibelelwano. Umthengisi onokuthenjwa uliqabane lakho kwimpumelelo yakho.

Indlela Ezayo: Ukuzinza kunye nokurisayikilisha kwiShishini le-Asphalt

Ikamva leukwakhiwa kwendlelakwaye ii-asphaltUmzi mveliso ugxile kwizigqibo kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Ngelixai-asphaltIipavements sele zaziweukuqinakunye neuqoqoshoIindleko zobomi, iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukuba zenze ukuba zibe noluhlaza.Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhonaInendima enkulu kule.

I-Asphalt Povementyenye yezona zinto zisetyenzisiweyo zehlabathi. I-Asphalt ye-Asphalt ye-Asphalt (i-rap) inokususwa kwiindlela ezindala, zityumkile, kwaye zifakwe kumxube omtsha oshushui-asphalt. Ukusebenzisa i-rap kunciphisa imfuneko yentombii-bitkwayehlanganisa, ukulondolozwa kwezixhobo zendalo kunye nokwehlisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lemveliso. Ipesenti ephezulu ye-rap inokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuphambanisa ukusebenza kwendlela, ukwenzai-asphaltukhetho oluzinzileyo oluzinzileyoindawo yendlela. Iindlela zobuchule njengomxube ofudumeleyoI-asphalt.

Ngaphaya koko, uphando luyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ii-bibors (ezivela kwi-oils-esekwe kwi-oils-esekwe kwizityalo okanye iimveliso zenkunkuma) njengenxalenye ye-petroleum esekwei-bit. Intshayelelo kwi-Povement uyilo Injongo yendlela ehlala ixesha elide ("iipavepes ezingapheliyo") efuna kuphela ukuvuselelwa komphezulu wexesha kunokuba kusebenze kwakhona ifuthe kwakhona, ukunciphisa iindleko zobomi. Ishishini likwakhangela iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwei-asphaltSebenzisa iimodyuli eziphambili kunye nokongezwa, kukhokelela kwipavements ezingcono kakhulu kwitrafikhi enkulu kunye nokugqithisaimozuluiimeko, ukwandisa ubomi babo ngenkonzo kunye negalelo kuzinzo ngokubanzi. Ngelixa izinto zesintui-bitHlala ulawula, ukuqhuba ukuya kwiZisombululo eziGreeneri-asphaltimbonakalo yomhlaba.

I-theawas ephambili: i-asphalt vs tar voit bit

Ukushwankathela ngokukhawuleza amanqaku aphambili:

• I-bitume:Mnyama,Vidiyo, ukunamathela i-binderifunyenwe kwiUkudibanayei-oyile endala (I-Petroleum). Yi "glue" kwii-asphaltI-Poevement.
• I-Tar (Coal tare):Mnyama,i-viscous manziiveliswe yiUKUQHUTYELWA KWEXESHA LOKUGQIBELA. Ngokwahlukileyo kwii-bit, ngomxholo ophakamileyo wenukane kunye neenkxalabo zempilo ezinxulumene nazo zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo xa kusenziwa. Isabalulekile kwezinye iinkqubo zeshishini (i.G., i-electrode BindersI-Coal tat).
• I-Asphalt (ipaviment):Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezenziwe ngokuxubai-bit(i-binder) ngehlanganisa(amatye, isanti, igravel). Lo mxube wenza oko kuqinileyoumphezuluKwindlela,iindlela zokuqhuba, njl.
• Umahluko ophambili:Imvelaphi (I-Petroleumvsamalahle), Ukuqulunqwa kwamachiza (i-Aliphatic vs. i-aromatic), izicelo ezisisiseko, kunye neeprofayili ezinxulumene noko.
• Ukuhamba namhlanje: I-bit-Obuselei-asphaltngumgangatho wale mihlaukwakhiwa kwendlelaNgenxa yokusebenza okungcono kunye nemingcipheko yempilo esezantsi ngokuthelekiswa nayotear. Tearayifane isetyenziselwe ukutyhala iindlela ezintsha.
• Imicimbi esemgangathweni:Umgangatho ongaguqukiyo, iziqinisekiso ezithembekileyo, kwaye izinto ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile xa zifunyanwei-asphaltii-binds okanyeteariimveliso kwilizwe liphela. Ukukhetha umthengisi ofanelekileyo kubandakanya ukujonga ngaphaya kwexabiso nje.
• Ukuzinza:Ii-asphaltUmzi mveliso ujolise kakhuluukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona.

Ukuqonda la mahluko kunceda ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nabathengisi beemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nezamashishini.