Ho Senya 'Nete mabapi le Tal Taal le Pitch ea Cual: Ts'ireletso, Ho Tsepamisa Boitsebiso le Haufinyane

Taal Tar le Pitch ea Coal-Taal e fumaneha likopo tse ngata tsa likopo, ho tsoa mererong ea marulelo e ea ho tlhahiso ea marulelo. Leha ho le joalo, ho sebetsa le bona ho hloka hore lintho tse ka utloisisang thepa ea tsona, likotsi tse ka bang teng, leTšireletsehoMehato e hlokahalang ho sireletsa basebetsi. Sengoliloeng sena se fetela lintlheng tsa bohlokoa tsaCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala, e shebane leMosebetsi Mosebetsing polokeho le bophelo bo botle, likotsi tse amanang leMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala(CTPVS), le mekhoa ea bonaTsebisole taolo maemong a indasteri, ho kenyelletsa le ts'ebeliso ea bona hoMaruleloLikopo lelaboratoritlhahlobo. Ke ho balloa motho e mong ea bohlokoa bakeng sa matšoao a mang a Mark, ofisiri ea khokahano USAkahoea tsamaisang thepa ena. Joalo ka Allen, mong'a masimo china le Chaena e nang le thepa e potolohileng ho romelloa kantle ho nahaSebapali sa boleng bo holimo sa mashala sa mashala le morekisiLefatšeng ka bophara, ke batla ho arolelana leseli le sebetsang ho u thusa ho netefatsapolokeho ea mosebetsiLe ho latela, ho etsa liqeto tse tummeng ha li le har'a lihlahisoa tse kang tar ea caal le peteroleCoke.

Ho utloisisa metheo: tar ea mashala ea mashala le khoele ea mashala?

Joale, re bua ka eng ha re buaCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala? Tal tala ke metsi a boreleli, a lefifi, aByproducte fumanoeng ha mashala a entsoe ka carbonosized ho etsa Coke (joalo kaTlhahisoleseling ea Coke) kapa ho hatelloa ho etsaKhase ea CoalLihlahisoa. E nahane ka eona e le motsoako o rarahaneng oa likete tsaMetsoako ea lik'hemik'hale. Ha e le thatatar e khopisitsoe, e arola likarolo tse fapaneng, 'me lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa tse tsoang senadistillationTs'ebetso ke molumo oa mashala oa mashala. Pitch ena keho jara masalaka ho le letšehali kamora ho khetholla tar. E ka tsoa ho thepa e bonolo ea metsi e bonolo, e nang le metsi e tiileng, e tiile, ho latela boholo ba khethollo.

Thesebopehotsatal ea mashala kapa tal-taal-taalLihlahisoa li rarahane haholo, haholo-holo tse ka bang tengmonko o monate oa hydrocarbons, ho kenyelletsaPolycyclic monko o monate hydrocarbons(Pahs). Tse ling tse ikhethangMahala a mashala a caltse fetotsoeng bakeng sa thepa e fapaneng kapa mocheso. U tla fumanatal ea mashala e sebelisoaka tatellano e kholo ea lits'ebetso. Mohlala, ke motsoako oa manganga hoLisebelisoa tsa marulelo(joalo kamarulelo a marulelo,tselaBarekisi, E sirelletsakoaeLikopo, 'me e le mokhoa o mongata ho lihlahisoa tsa litsietsi bakeng saTlhahiso ea Aluminiumle ho itsamaisa. E boetse e le nalane ea nalanetloaetse ho phekola letlaloMaemo a kangPASORAISIS, leha ts'ebeliso ena e se e ntse e hlophisitsoe ka hloko ka lebaka la mathata a bophelo bo botle. Ho utloisisa taba enaTsebisoke mohato oa pele oa ho sebetsana le polokeho.

Joaloka moetsi, re hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng, joalo kaMashala a mashala a mashalae bonolo ho sebetsana le eona le ho tsamaisa. Mokhahlelo o itseng oa sekoti - e be mocheso o bohareng, mocheso o phahameng, kapa o feto-fetohang - o khetholla ho etsa qeto ea hore na kopo e itseng ea kopo e itseng. Bakeng sa likhoebo tse kang tsa Mareka Thompson, tse fanang ka thepa ena ho liindasteri tse fapaneng, tse tsebang mohloli le thepa ea motheo e bohlokoa bakeng sa tiiso ea boleng leTšireletseho.

Hobaneng ha ho pepesetsoa mesebetsi ea mashala ea massage ea mashala ho chefo (CTPVvs) kameho e kholo?

E 'ngoe ea mabaka a mantlha a ho tšoenyeha kaMosebetsi MosebetsingLitlhophiso keHo pepesetsoa thekeng ea mashala ea mashalaVolalant, e tsejoang e le CTPV. Ha Coal Tar kapa khoele ea mashala e futhumetse - joalo ka likopo tse kang marulelo a marulelong, e ntse e fofonela - e hula batho ba chesehang moeeng. CTPVS ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa lintho tse ngata tsa moea le mouoane tse 'maloa, tse ling tsa tsona li tsejoang kapa tsa li-carcinogens tse tsejoang kapa tse belaelloang joalokaBenzene. Honakgahlameloe ka hlahainhalation, ikopanye le letlalo, kapa esita leho kenellaHaeba litloaelo tse ntle li sa lateloa.

Boemo ba kotsi eaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalahangata ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa: TheTLHOKOMELISOea CTPV e moeeng, nako eakgahlamelo, e ikhethanglik'hemik'hale sebopehoea batho ba chesehang, le mehato ea taolo sebakeng. Basebetsi ba indasteri e kangFumaneTs'ebetso,CokeLimela Tse Oven, Aluminum a utloahala, le tselapavekelello ke e mong oa ba ka thulanang le bonaMosebetsi Mosebetsing Ho pepesetsoa tale ea caal. Bakeng sa beng ba likhoebo joalo ka liperekising Thompson, ho utloisisa likotsi tsena ho se bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea bona haeba ba sebetsana le bareki ba bona hopolokeho le bophelo bo botleli-protocol. Monyetla oa litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle oa nako e telele oa sebetsakgahlameloho CTPVS pele ho peleBophelo bo botle le polokehohomosebetsi.

Mehahong ea rona, re hatisa bohlokoa ba ho utloisisa likotsi tsena. Re lumela hore tsebo ke mola oa pele oa ts'ireletso. Ho ruta sehlopha le hore, ka bongata, bareki ba rona kaCTPVle bohlokoa ba ho fokotsaHo pepesetsoa tale ea caalke karolo ea mantlha ea boitlamo ba ronaTšireletseho. Mokhoa ona o ikemetseng o bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka mosebetsi o phetseng hantle le ho netefatsa botsamaisi ba sehlahisoa.

Re etsa joang hore re etse lintho tse netefatsang tse nepahetseng le tsa laboratoring tsa lihlahisoa tsa tar tsa mashala?

E nepahetseTsebisommelaboratoriTlhahlobo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le likotsi tse amanang leCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala. Sena se qala ka ho utloisisa sehlahisoa se itseng seo u se sebetsana le sona. Maqephe a fapaneng le mefuta ea molumo oa matloana oa mashala o tla ba le maemo a fapaneng a likarolo tse thata le thepa e fapaneng ea 'mele. Mohlala, ronaTlolo ea lesapo la mokokotlo oa acSphalte tla ba le litšobotsi tse fapaneng ho feta phapang e phahameng ea mocheso. E loketsengTsebisoE kenyelletsa ho tseba mohloli, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le ho ba le lits'oants'o tse qaqileng tsa Lihlahisoa le tsa polokeho (SDD).

Ha ho tluoa ho lekolaMosebetsi Mosebetsing kgahlamelo, sampling le tlhahloboMekhoa e hiriloeng. Hangata sena se kenyelletsa ho bokella moeasampolea tsoa libakeng tse phefumolohang tsa basebetsi kapa ho tloha ka kakaretsomosebetsilibaka mooMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalae kanna ea ba teng. Mehlala ena e romelloa ho tšoanelehalaboratoribakeng sa ho hlahlojoa. LaB hangata e tla sekaseka bakeng sa li-pahs tse ikhethang kapa bakeng sa karoloana e qhibilihang ea likarolo tse felletseng, tseo e leng tekanyo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa CTPV. Liphetho tsa senasampling le tlhahloboThusa ho tseba hore naTLHOKOMELISOea CTPV 'me u e bapise le eonaMosebetsi Mosebetsing Meeli ea ho pepeseha. Lintlha tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahloba katleho ea mehato ea taolo le ho netefatsa ho latelaTLHOKOMELISOs.

Bakeng sa ofisiri ea ts'ebetso joaloka Mareka, e netefatsa hore barekisi ba fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng, haeba ho hlokahala, tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhahlobo ke senotlolo. E thusa ka ho netefatsa boleng le ho fana ka bareki ba hae ka tlhaiso-leseling e hlokahalang bakeng sa bonaTšireletsehoLitlhahlobo. Fekthering ea rona, re tsamaisa taolo ea boleng bo thata, e kenyeletsanglaboratoriTLHOKOMELISO, Ho netefatsa Lihlahisoa tsa rona ho fihlela litlhaloso le ho fana ka tšitiso ho bareki ba rona ka lisebelisoa tseo ba li fumanang.

Ho tsamaisa libaka tse laoloang: Litataiso tsa methati le niosh bakeng sa ho pepesetsoa ke mashala?

Kutloisiso le ho latela melao ha li na thuso ha li sebetsana le thepa joalo kaCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala. United States, Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso ea Mosebetsi le ea Bophelo (Oha) ke ea mantlhaSetsi sa Agencyboikarabello ba ho beha le ho tiisa mosebetsipolokeho le bophelo bo botlelitekanyetso.Oha'sMelao e ikemiselitse homoeliMosebetsikgahlameloho dintho tse kotsi, ho kenyelletsaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala. Ka ho khetheha, OSHA e na le moeli o lumellanang oa CTPV, o lekantsoeng e le karoloana ea Benzene e qhibilihang ea ntho e felletseng ea likarolo. PEL ena e sebetsa ka molao, 'me bahiri ba tlameha ho netefatsa hore mosebetsikgahlameloha e fetise senamoeli.

Setsi sa Naha sa Ts'ireletso le Bophelo bo botle ba Mosebetsi (Niosh, karolo ea litsi tsa taolo ea maloetse le thibelo (CDC), e bapala karolo e fapaneng hanyane empa e le ea bohlokoa.NioshEtsa lipatlisiso ka lipatlisiso 'me u etsa hore litlhahiso tsa thibelo ea likotsi tse amanang le mosebetsi. Ha a ntse aNioshLimiti tsa ho pepeseha (Rels) ha li tlama ka molao joalo kaOhaPels, hangata ba thata haholo 'me ba ipapisitse le kutloisiso ea morao-rao ea mahlale a bophelo bo botle. Lik'hamphani tse ngata li khetha ho latelaNioshLitataiso e le tloaelo e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho itšireletsaMosebetsiBophelo bo botle. Ka bobeliOhammeNioshfana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata hoHo pepesetsoa ha meputso ea caal, puisano ea kotsi le mehato ea taolo. TheTLHOKOMELISOho potoloha lintho tsena ho etselitsoe ho sireletsa basebetsi, 'me ho bohlokoa hore mang kapa mang a tšoenyehiletal ea mashala kapa tal-taal-taalLihlahisoa tsa ho elelloa le ho latela melao ena. Litapole tsena ka ho tobapolokeho ea mosebetsi.

Bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse kang tsa Mareka, tsee ke lisebelisoa life tsa mohloli o tsoang linaheng tse kang China, ho hlakile hore li tiisa hore li latela tsenaMeeli ea ho pepeseha. Sena se totobatsa tlhoko ea puisano e hlakileng le barekisi mabapi le litsebi mabapi le litlhaloso tsa sehlahisoa le litaba tse sa utloahaleng tse sa utloahaleng. Ha re le mofani oa thepa, rona, 'me re loanele ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling eohle e hlokahalang ho thusa bareki ba rona ho thusa bareki tsena.

Bengese e tobileng ea bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi ba tobana le Benzene le Bennzene le li-CTPV tse ling?

Likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang leHo pepesetsoa tale ea caalle ho tšoantšela ha eona, haholo CTPV e joaloBenzenele tse lingPahs.Mosebetsi polokeho le bophelo bo botle. Nako e khutšoanekgahlameloe ka baka ho teneha letlalong, mahlo le pampitšana ea helpira. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa bofubelu, ho itlotsa, ho chesa methapo e tukang, le ho hlonama ha phefumoloho. Batho ba bang le bona ba ka fumana chelete e 'ngoe le bona ba fumanang lifotopollo, e bolelang hore letlalo la bona le ameha letsatsi la letsatsi kamora mookgahlamelo.

Nako e telele kapa e phetoaMosebetsi Mosebetsing kgahlameloe beha likotsi tse matla haholoanyane.Malinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalali khethollotsoe e le li-carcinogens tse tsebahalang tsa motho. E teleleinhalationkapa ho ikopanya le letlalo le CTPVS, ho kenyelletsaBenzene(Leukemogen e tsebahalang), e hokahane le kotsi e kholo ea bakuli ba bangata. Tsena li kenyeletsaKankere ea letlalo(Haholo-holo eo e seng ea melanoma letlalo la letlalo),kankere ea Lung, BladderKankere, leLiphioKankere. TheLenaneo la Naha la Toxicology'sTlaleha ho li-carcinogensMananeCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashalajoalo ka ha ho tsejoa ho ba litsebi tsa batho. Ho feta mofets'e, o sa folengkgahlameloE ka lebisa mathateng a mang a letlalo, joalo ka tar meutloa kapa folculitis, ebile e ka senya litho tse ling. Ha litokisetso tse ling tsa mashala a mashala atloaetse ho phekola letlaloMaemo a kangPASORAISISTlas'a tlhokomeliso ea bongaka, e sa laoloangMosebetsi Mosebetsing kgahlameloe fapane haholo ebile e baka likhakanyo tsa bohlokoa tsa bophelo bo botle.

Ho utloisisa likotsi tsena tse tobileng tsa bophelo bo botle, ho tloha ho tšabo e tloaelehileng ho maemo a tebileng joalo ka mofetše, o bohlokoa. E totobatsa Hobaneng ho latela maikutlo a ho khomarelaMeeli ea ho pepeseha, sebelisa ka nepo ho lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso (le lits'itiso tse sebetsang tsa boenjiniere tsa boenjiniere ha se feela litlhoko tsa bohlokoa empa litloaelo tsa tsohle tse sirelletsangMosebetsi e pepesitsoe ke mashalalihlahisoa tsa tar.

Ho khanna tlhahlobo e felletseng ea kotsi: Mehato ea taolo ea botsoalle ea indasteri?

Kotsi e phethahetsengTlhahloboke sekhutlo sa ho hlokomelaMosebetsi Mosebetsinglikotsi tse amanang leCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashalaHo eng kapa engLiindasteriho ipehela. Morero ke ho tseba mehloli eakgahlamelohoMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala, lekola likotsi, 'me ho kenya tšebetsong mehato e sebetsang ea taolo ea taolo ea ho thibelaTLHALOSOle ho sireletsaMosebetsiBophelo bo botle. Ts'ebetso ena ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botleBoleng ba moeahomosebetsi.

Mona ke mokhoa o akaretsang oa ho etsa kotsiTlhahlobo:

1. Qolla likotsi:Tseba hore na basebetsi ba ka ba hokaee pepesitsoe ke talLihlahisoa. Sena se kenyelletsa mesebetsi e lekanang ho futhumatsa, ho tšoloha, ho fafatsa, kapa lisebelisoa tse sehiloeng ka 'mala o mongata oa mashala. Nahana ka litsela tsohle tse ka bang teng tsakgahlamelo: inhalationea CTPV, ho ikopanya le letlalo lentho, le ka phoso ka phosoho kenella.
2. Supa hore na ke mang ea ka koetetsoeng le hore na:Thathamisa lethathamo la basebetsi kapa lihlopha tsa basebetsi ba kotsing ea ho ba kotsing, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle le tse boletsoeng pejana.
3. Lekola likotsi ebe u etsa qeto mabapi le liteko:
   • Lekanya kapa ho hakanya boemo bakgahlamelo. Sena se ka kenyelletsaBoleng ba moeaHo beha leihlo bakeng sa CTPVTLHOKOMELISO.
   • Bapisa maemo anaMosebetsi Mosebetsing Meeli ea ho pepeseha(e.,OhaPels,NioshRels).
   • Pele u beha likotsi likotsi 'me u tsebe hore na ho na le litaelo tse teng kapa haeba ho na le tse ling hape li hloka ho etsoa.
4. Mehato ea taolo ea taolo:Latela Hierarchy ea Lits'ebetso:
   • Elemination / Sebaka:Haeba ho khonahala, khutlisetsa lihlahisoa tsa tar tsa mashala ka mefuta e meng e sireletsehileng. (Hangata ha e khonehe ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso).
   • Litšitiso tsa boenjiniere:Ho kenya ts'ebetsong lits'ebetso tsa moea (ho sebelisa moea oa lehae hangata ho bohlokoa), likotlo kapa liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso ho fokotsa ho tsoa mohloling.
   • LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO:Fetola mekhoa ea mosebetsi, joalo ka ho fokotsakgahlameloNako, u fana ka koetliso, 'me u bolele mekhoa e metle ea bohloeki.
   • Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea motho (PPE):Fana ka ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lifofane, liatlana le liaparo tse sirelelitsoeng e le mohala oa ho qetela oa ts'ireletso.
5. Liphumano li rekota le ho kenya tšebetsong tsona:Ngola KotsiTlhahlobo, litaolo li sebelisitsoe, 'me koetliso efe kapa efe e fanoang.
6. Tlhahlobo le ntlafatso:Sekaseka kotsi kamehlaTlhahlobo(e.7., selemo le selemo, kapa ha lits'ebetso li fetoha) ho netefatsa hore e lula e sebetsa.

Bakeng sa mong'a k'hamphani joaloka Mareka Thompson, utloisiseng senaTlhahloboTs'ebetso e bohlokoa, le haeba a sa e tsamaisa ka kotloloho. Ho mo thusa ho utloisisa bohlokoa baTšireletsehoTlhahisoleseling eo a e fumanang ho tsoa ho barekisi le ho pheta-pheta bareki ba hae. Ho thibelaTLHALOSOmme o netefatsa polokehomosebetsike boikarabello bo arolelanoang.

Ntle le litaelo: Litšenyehelo tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Curker ea Coal Tarling?

Ha ho latelaOhammeNioshLitataiso ke tsa bohlokoa, li sa sebetseMosebetsi TšireletsehoMehato e tsoela pele ho ea pele ho etsa se sireletsehile e le kannetemosebetsitikoloho ha o sebetsana leCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala. Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlohlelletsa matlaTšireletsehoMoetlo o mong le o mongMosebetsie kopane ebile e fuoa matla. E se e le tse ngata ho feta feela ho kopana le bonyaneTLHOKOMELISO; Ke mabapi le ho loanela litekanyetso tse phahameng tsaBophelo bo botle le polokeho.

Ntho ea Bohlokoa ea Bohlokoa e kenyelletsa:

• Koetliso e felletseng:Basebetsi ba lokela ho fumana kotlo e nepahetseng eseng feela ka likotsi tsaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalale tse lingMetsoako ea lik'hemik'haleFana ka litsamaisong tsa mosebetsi tse sireletsehileng, tšebeliso e nepahetseng le tlhokomelo ea ppe (joalo ka mekhoa ea bohlola (e.G. Koetliso ena e lokela ho ba ea tsoela pele le ho khatholoha khafetsa.
• Bophelo bo botle ba bophelo bo botle le ho hlahlojoa:Ho kenya letsoho lenaneo la tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ho ka thusa pele ho la peleTsebisoea litaba life tse amanang le tsonakgahlamelo. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho hlahlobisisa letsoho le tloaelehileng bakeng sa basebetsi ba bohlokoakgahlamelole bongakaHo hlahlojoaJoalokaha ho khothalelitsoe keMosebetsi Mosebetsinglitsebi tsa bophelo bo botle.
• Khatiso ea Litlaleho tsa Boenjiniere:Pele ho tsebiso ea boenjiniere (joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa moea oa moea oa ho ntlafatsaBoleng ba moea) Ho latela popo ho phofo ke leano le sebetsang le sebetsang haholoanyane. Joaloka mong'a ntlo, ke lumela ho tsetela ho boenjiniere ba rona e tsetela ho batho ba rona.
• Puisano e bulehileng:Khothaletsa basebetsi ho tlaleha bothateng bofe kapa bofe kaTšireletseho, bokhonikgahlamelo, kapa matšoao a sa tšabe ho iphetetsa. Ho loop ea maikutlo ho thusa ho ntlafatsa ka ho sa felengpolokeho ea mosebetsimekhoa.
• Ho Tsoelisoa Hantle:Ho Boloka Motho ea Hloekileng le ea Hlophisangmosebetsie ka fokotsa boima ba bobelikgahlamelolitsela. Li-spirts li lokela ho hloekisoa hang-hang le ka nepo.

Mehato ena e sa sebetseng e kenya letsoho haholo ho akaretsa haholopolokeho le bophelo bo botle. Bakeng sa motho ea kang Mareka, ea sebelisang barekisi le bareki, a utloisisa hore k'hamphani e mo fa lebitso (joalo ka ha a etsa joaloTšireletsehoe ka ba sesupo se matla sa ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro le ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro. E bontša boitlamo bo fetang tekano ho latela bokhoni bo bonolo, bo u tšehali molemong oa bokhabane kaMosebetsi Mosebetsingho phela hantle.

Karolo e nyarosang ea ho beha leihlo la boleng ba moea ho tsamaisa ho pepesehela mesebetsi ea mesebetsi?

Boleng ba moeaHo beha leihlo ke sesebelisoa sa ho sebetsana le maemomosebetsi kgahlamelohoMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala(CTPVS). U ke ke ua laola seo u sa lekang sona. Ho beha leihlo ho thusa ho tsebahatsaTLHOKOMELISOea li-sinborne tsa moea, netefatsa hore maemo ao a ntse a tsoela pele a hlahaMosebetsi Mosebetsing Meeli ea ho pepesehaMehato eo ea taolo e sebetsa joalo ka ha ho reretsoe. Ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho latelaMaemo a Siriminant a moea bakeng sa indasteri ka kakaretso.

Ts'ebetso e tloaetse ho kenyelletsa:

• Tlhahlobo ea pele:Ha lihlahisoa tsa kholi li qala ho tsebisoa kapa ha ts'ebetso e fetoha, ea peleTlhahlobotsaBoleng ba moeae thusa ho theha motheokgahlameloPALE EA BOPHELO.
• Ho beha leihlo la hau:Sena se kenyelletsa ho beha sesebelisoa sa motho ea phefumolohang sebakeng se phefumolohang sa aMosebetsiHo lekanya motho ka mongkgahlameloho ae litšilaJoaloka CTPV kaofela ho pholletsa le mosebetsi oa bona. Sena se fana ka data e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa ea ho lekola kotsi e fapaneng ea kotsi.
• Ntlafatso ea tikoloho: Sampoles li bokelloa ho tloha libakeng tse tsitsitseng homosebetsiho lekola kakaretsoTLHOKOMELISOtsaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalalibakeng tse fapaneng. Sena se ka thusa ho khetholla "libaka tse chesang" kapa libaka tseo ho ka 'nang tsa li laola boenjhare li ka hloka ntlafatso.
• Kamehla / Boemo ba Nako:Ho ipapisitse le seo ho buuoang ka pele, mofuta oa mosebetsi le litlhoko tsa taolo, nako le nakoBoleng ba moeaHangata ho beha leihlo ho netefatsa ho latela melao ea matsoho e tsoelang pele le katleho e kholo ea taolo. Haeba lits'ebetso li fetoha kapa haeba ho na le lebaka la ho belaella keketseho eakgahlamelo, ho beha leihlo ho lokela ho phetoa.

Lintlha li bokelletsoe hosampling le tlhahloboea mehlala ena ea moea e bohlokoa. E tsebisa liqeto mabapi le tlhoko ea lits'ebeletso tse eketsehileng tsa boenjiniere, kapa mofuta oa ts'ireletso ea phefumoloho e hlokahalang. Bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse tsamaisang thepa joalo ka ronaMocheso o phahameng oa asphalt, ho tseba seoBoleng ba moeaTsamaiso e sebakeng sa mosebelisi pheletsong ea mosebelisi e netefatsa hore sehlahisoa se se se sebelisoa se sireletsehile. Tlhahisoleseling ena e bohlokoa hape bakeng sa ho bonts'a ho latelaOha'slitekanyetso, tse kangMaemo a Silantant a indasteri ka kakaretso.

Boemo ba niosh le tlatsetso ea koetliso ea mashala

Setsi sa Naha sa Ts'ireletso le Bophelo bo botle ba Mosebetsi (Niosh) e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, e nang le lipatlisiso mabapi le sebaka sapolokeho ea mashalammeMosebetsi MosebetsingBophelo bo botle. Ha a ntse aOhaSete le ho tiisa maemo a tlamang ka molao,Nioshe sebetsa e le lipatlisiso tsa senotloloSetsi sa Agency, e fana ka motheo oa mahlale ho tse ngata ebile li fana ka litlhahiso tsa ho thibela bokuli bo amanang le mosebetsi. TheSetsike karolo e nyarosang ea Lefapha la U.S. la tsa bophelo bo botle le lits'ebeletso tsa batho.

NioshMenehelo ea linoma e mabapi leCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashalakenyelletsa:

• Patlisiso: NioshLikhana tsa li khanna le chelete lipatlisisong tsa litlamorao tsaHo pepesetsoa thekeng ea mashala ea mashalaVolateр le lintho tse ling tse kotsi. Patlisiso ena e thusa ho utloisisa likamano tsa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo, ho supa ba hlaselehang habonoloMosebetsibaahi, 'me u lekola carcinogenicinicinicity ea mefuta e fapanengMetsoako ea lik'hemik'hale.
• Khokahano e khothalelitsoeng (Rels):Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana,Nioshe hlahelwang, eo hangata e sirelletsang ho fetaOhapels. Litlhahiso tsena li thehiloe ho se felletseng lipheletsong tse felletseng tsa data ea saense le sepheo sa ho sireletsa basebetsi ka ho fetisisa ho ka etsahala ka matla. Bakeng sa CTPVs,Nioshho tšeloa hangata ho tlase ho fetaOha'PEL, Bonahatsa mokhoa o moli o malem'a carcinogen ona e tsebahalang.
• Litokomane tsa tataiso le lingoliloeng:TheSetsi sa Naha sa Nahae hatisa leruo la tlhaiso-leseling, ho kopanyelletsa le litokomane tsa WEerria, lipelaelo tsa bohlale tsa morao-rao le tharollo ea mosebetsi, li fana ka tataiso e sebetsang mabapi le kotsiTsebiso, kotsiTlhahlobo, mehato ea taolo, mmesampling le tlhahloboMekhoa eaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala.
• Litlhahlobo tsa kotsi tsa bophelo (his): Nioshe ka tsamaisa li-hithe libakeng tsa sekolo mabapi le kopo ho tsoa ho bahiri kapa basebetsi ho etsa lipatlisiso likotsi tse ka bang kotsi ea bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa le ba tsoang hoHo pepesetsoa tale ea caal.

Bakeng sa likhoebo tse kang tsa Mareka Thompson, oa hlokomelaNioshLitlhahiso tsa ho ka li ka ba molemo. Leha e sa fuoe ka molao, ho amohelaNioshLitataiso li ka emela tloaelo e ntle ka ho fetisisa hopolokeho le bophelo bo botle, ho fokotsa likotsi tse telele tsa bophelo bo botle bakeng sa basebetsi le ho fokotsa mokoloto.Nioshmosebetsi oa ho thusaTsamaisa(ka kutloisiso e khothaletsoeng) le ho ntlafatsapolokeho ea mosebetsilitekanyetso tse ntseng li tsoela pele.

Mekhoa e Molemohali Bakeng sa Barekisi le Tlhahlobo: Netefatsa Tekanyo e Nepahetseng ea CTPVS ka laboratoring ea hau?

Tekanyo e nepahetseng eaMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala(CTPVS) ka neposampling le tlhahloboMekhoa ea ho lekola ho lekolaMosebetsi kgahlamelole ho netefatsa katleho ea mehato ea taolo. Hore na u khanna ka tlung ena kapa u sebelisa kantlelaboratori, ho latela mekhoa e metle e tiisa hore o tšepahala ha data ea hau. Sena ha se feela ho ikoetlisa ka theknoloji; Ke sekhechana sa hauTšireletsehoLenaneo.

Mona ke mekhoa e metle easampling le tlhahloboea CTPV:

1. Sebelisa mekhoa e netefalitsoeng:Sebelisa mekhoa e feteloang le e netefalitsoeng ea mohlala, joalo ka tse tsoetseng peleNioshkapaOha. Bakeng sa CTLPahs.
2. Lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa lisebelisoa:Etsa bonnete ba lisebelisoa tsohle tsa sample (li-pump, li-pump, likolobe) li ka lekanngoa ka nepo pele le kamora e mong le e mongsampolepokello. Litefiso tsa phallo e sa nepahalang li ka lebisa liphosong tsa bohlokoa ka moea o baliloengTLHOKOMELISOs.
3. Sampling ea Moemeli:Thesampolee lokela ho emela ka nepoMosebetsi's' nete 's' netekgahlamelokapa maemo sebakeng se itseng. Sena se bolela ho nka nako ea sampole, sebaka sa sampoler (e.g.
4. Sampole e se nang letho:Kenyelletsa likheo tsa tšimo le likheo tsa media ka sehlopha se seng le se seng sa lisoto tse rometsoeng holaboratori. Likhaletso tsa masimong li tsamaisoa joalo ka mehlala ea 'nete empa ha li na moea ka tsona, tse thusang ho tseba efe kapa efeTLHALOSOnakong ea ho sebetsana kapa ho tsamaisa. Likheo tsa mecha ke li-breeters tse senotsoeng.
5. Ketane ea setotu:Boloka ketane e nepahetseng ea ba totane bakeng sa mehlala eohle e tsoang ho pokello holaboratoritlhahlobo. Litokomane tsena li sebelisana le ho ts'oaroa hasampole'me le netefatse botšepehi ba lona.
6. Laboratori e nkhang hamonate:Sebelisa tse amoheloanglaboratoriBakeng sa ho hlahlojoa, ho feta kamoo e nang le boiphihlelo ba ho sekaseka CTPV kapamonko o monate oa hydrocarbons. Ho etsa qeto (e.g..laboratorie kopana le litekanyetso tsa boleng bo itseng.
7. Tlhaloso ea liphetho:Liphetho li lokela ho hlalosoa ke bohloeki bo tšoanelehang ba indasteri kapaTšireletsehosetsebi se utloisisang mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng, mefokolo ea data, le tse loketsengMosebetsi Mosebetsing Meeli ea ho pepeseha.

Ka ho latela mekhoa ena e metle, lik'hamphani li ka ba le tšepo e kholo ho fetisisakgahlamelo Tlhahloboya data. Sena se lumella liqeto tse tsebisang haholoanyane mabapi le maano a taolo mme o thusa ho netefatsa bophelo bo botlemosebetsi. Bakeng sa liofisiri tsa boitlamo joalo ka Mareka, ho utloisisa hore basebelisi ba bona ba fela ba ka ba ba qaqileng joalosampling le tlhahloboLintlha tsa totobatsa bohlokoa ba tšobotsi ea boleng bo lekanang le tlhaiso-leseling e tšoanang ho tsoa ho barekisi ba joaloka rona.

Ho tsoa fekthering ea rona ho ea hau: netefatsa boleng le polokeho ho limpho tsa mashala

Joalo ka Allen, mong'a feme ea Chaena Chaena o ikhethile hoLihlahisoa tsa mashala tsa mashala le li-coke tsa petroleum, boitlamo ba ka bo fetella bo sa na le tlhahiso e fela. Re utloisisa hore lihlahisoa tse kangCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashala, AnthraceneOli, le mefuta e fapaneng eaCokeLi-inputs tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri li tsoa hoTlhahiso ea AluminiumhoKaho ea tsela. Re boetse re amohela bohlokoa ba ho ba tengpolokeho le bophelo bo botlee amanang le lisebelisoa tsena, haholo-holo mabapi leMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashalammeMosebetsi Mosebetsing kgahlamelo.

Mehala ea rona e supileng ea tlhahiso e batla ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo. Sena se bolela taolo ea boleng bo bonolo mothapong o mong le o mong, ho tloha ka lihlahisoa tsa khabone ho sehlahisoa sa ho qetela, ebang kePitch Pitchkapa asphalt e khethehileng. Re fana ka limaraka tse fapaneng tsa mocheso le lihlahisoa tse fetotsoeng ho kopanaLiindasterilitlhoko. Ho latela melao ea machabeng hase lebokose la cheke feela; Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea filosofi ea rona e sebetsang. Rea tseba hore bareki joaloka Mareka Thompson ha ba batle feela litheko tsa tlholisano; Li tsotella boleng ba boleng bo botle ebile li amehile ka setifikeiti (joalo ka litekanyetso tsa Iso le ho latela tikoloho), thepa le ts'epahaloMekhoa ea Tefo.

Re loanela ho sebetsana le lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa bohloko, tse kang puisano e sa sebetseng hantle, ka ho bokella pepenene le ho fana ka litokomane tse ngata. Ha re ntse re le thepa, tsepamisa maikutlo ho boleng ba sehlahisoa leTšireletsehotlhahisoleseling (joalo ka SDS), re boetse re ts'ehetsa bareki ba rona ka ho fana ka data e hlakileng e ba thusang ho khonakgahlamelole ho latela melao ea bona ea lehae, joalo kaOha'sLitlhokahalo tsa USA. Re lumela hore moreki ea rutehileng ke moreki ea sireletsehileng, 'me moreki ea sireletsehileng ke molekane ea molelele. Phihlelo ea rona ho hlokomela USA, Amerika Leboea, Europe, le Australia ba re rutile bohlokoa ba mokhoa ona oa ho tsebahala hoTšireletseho, boleng ba boleng le sa bareki. Re ikemiselitse ho feta setsebi sa hae feela; Re ikemiselitse ho ba molekane ea tšepahalang katleho ea hau, netefatsa horeCual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashalaLihlahisoa tseo u li fumanang li kenya letsoho ka katleho le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng mesebetsing ea hau.

Key Picaways ea ho hopola:

• Kutloisiso ke senotlolo: Cual tar le molumo oa mashala oa mashalake lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tse tsoang mashala, 'meMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala(CTPVS) ho ba le mateaneMosebetsi MosebetsingKameho ea bophelo bo botle ka lebaka lakgahlameloLikotsi.
• Likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ke tsa 'nete: Kgahlameloho ctpvs, ho kenyelletsaBenzenele li-pahs tse ling, li ka lebisa ho ho teneha, ho nyalana le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle joalokaKankere ea letlalo, kankere ea Lung, leBladderKankere.
• LITLHAKISO SE KA KHETHA: OhaE beha meeli e lumelletsoeng e lumelletsoeng (li-pels), ha a ntse aNioshe fana ka meeli ea ho pepeseha ha meeli ea ho pepeseha (Rels) le tataiso eaMosebetsi Tšireletseho. Ho latela melao-motheo.
• Tlhahlobo ea Kotsi e bohlokoa:Kotsi e hlophisehilengTlhahloboe thusa ho tseba likotsi, ho lekola likotsi tsaTLHALOSO, le lits'ebetso tse sebetsang tsa taolo, ho tloha ho boenjiniere ho ea ho ppa, ho ntlafatsaBoleng ba moea.
• Ho lekola le ho hlahlojoa:KhafetsaBoleng ba moeaHo lekola le ho nepahalalaboratori sampling le tlhahloboea ctpvTLHOKOMELISOba bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlokomelakgahlamelo'Me ho netefatsa taolo ea ho tseba.
• Sephete sa polokeho ea polokeho:Fetisa ho feta kamoo feela. E totobatsa ba matlaTšireletsehoTloaelo ka koetliso e felletseng, motho ea ikemetseng ea bophelo le puisano e bulehileng ho sireletsa e mong le e mongMosebetsi.
• Tlhahiso ea Morekisi:Barekisi ba tšepahalang ba lokela ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e hlakileng ea sehlahisoa, maqephe a boloi a polokeho (SDS), le bareki ba ts'ehetsang ba ho utloisisapolokeho le bophelo bo botleLikarolo tsantho.