Ho senolela matla a tal tal pitch: tataiso e felletseng

Rea u amohela! Ke Allen, le fekthering ea ka China, e nang le mela e Supileng e inehetseng, re bile ka pele ho tlhahiso le ho romella lintlha tse phahameng haholoLihlahisoa tsa mashala tsa mashala le li-coke tsa petroleumka lilemo tse ngata. Sengoliloeng sena se etsa se tebileng ho e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa rona tsa sekhutlo sa rona.Malinyane a maleal. U tla ithuta ka sebopeho sa eona, bo entsoe joang, ho sebelisoa haholo ho indasteri lefatšeng ka bophara, ho kenyeletsoa ho ba bareki ba thompson USA USA. Haeba u batla ho utloisisa boitsebiso bona bo ikhethang, karolo ea eona ho Aluminum e founela kaho ea tsela, u sebakeng se nepahetseng. Tataiso ena e loketse ho bala hobane e nyenyefatsaMalinyane a maleal, ho fana ka leseli la pono ea moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa moetsi oa thepa

Ha e le hantle ke tarch ea mashala ea mashala? Ho se behe sebopeho sa eona

Ha re bua kaMalinyane a maleal, re bolela ka letšo le letšo le le letšo kapa le sootho le soothoho jara masala. Ke se setseng kamoraHo khetholla tar ea caalkapa disclarillation eatal. Nahana kamashala talka boeona joalo ka aByproductea ho etsaCokeho tlohamashala a lerataNakong ea kharache e phahameng ea mocheso hoCokeoinns. Honamashala talke motsoako o rarahaneng, o nang le makholo, esita le a likete, oa lik'hemik'haleMetsoako. ThePitchKarohano ke karolo e kholo ho feta motsoako ona.

TheSebopeho sa PUal Tar Pitchke haholo-holo motsoako o khahlehang oa polycyclicmonko o monateHydrocarbons (Pahs), hammoho le litekanyo tsa tsona tsa Heterocyclic le li-ralivatives tse nyane. Tsenalikhamphani tse monko o monateke eng e fanangMalinyane a malealthepa ea eona e ikhethang. Ha e le hantlesebopeho sa tar ea caalle eonaPitche ka fapana ho latela mohloli oamashalale ts'ebetso ea carbonization, e kenyelletsa lintho tse kangBenzene, Phenol, Naphthalene, leAnthraceneka linako tse ling tse bobebe, 'mePitchho ba moahipolymeriationSehlahisoa sa ba bangata ba bona. Ke hahololi-viccousmokelikeli oa mocheso o phahameng empa e fetoha mocheso o boima oa boloi. Ea eonaNtlha e sotsangke tšobotsi ea mantlha e sebelisoang ho khetholla mefuta e fapaneng eaPitch.

Joaloka fektheri, re ele hloko ka hloko thepa ena. Mohlala, moreki e kang Matšoao a Thompson, a hlahelang mehlolimashala talLihlahisoa tsa likopo tse fapaneng, ho kopanyelletsa le li-sylters tsa aluminium le mithara tse ngata, li itšetleha ka boleng bo sa fetoheng laPitch. Motsoako o khethehileng oalikhamphani tse monko o monatee etsa qeto ea hore o na le boikarabello ba eonaTlamahanokapa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e meng. ThePitchehlile kee sa khathatseheka metsing empa e ka qhibiliha ke manyolo a itsengsolveljoalo kapyridinekapaBenzene. Ho utloisisa boemo bona bo rarahaneng ke mohato oa pele oa ho ananelang hore na hobanengMalinyane a maleale bohlokoa haholo indastering e mengata e fapaneng. Re netefatsa ronaPUL-ea boleng bo holimo ea mashalae kopana le litekanyetso tsena tse amanang.

Thmp ea mashala e hlahisoa joang? Sheba ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso

TheetsatsaMalinyane a malealke ts'ebetso e makatsang e qalang kamashala tal, leo, joalo ka ha ke boletse, ke aka sehlahisoae fumanoeng ho tsoa ho carbonization eamashalaho hlahisaCoke. Mehahong ea rona, re qala ka boleng bo holimotal. Thōlo ena e se e hatelloa ke li-disclal. Nahana o futhumatsamashala talbutle; e fapanengMetsoakoka hare ho eona o tla tsoha mochesong o fapaneng. Oli e bobebe, joalo ka oli e bobebe (e nang leBenzene, Tolueene, Xylene), oli ea carbolic (e nang lePhenolle li-cressions),NaphthaleneOli, hlatsoa oli, leAnthraceneOli, e bokelloa e le likaroloana tse arohaneng.

Se siiloeng kamora likarolo tsena tse sa fetoheng li tlositsoe keMalinyane a maleal. Honaho jara masalake ea boima haholoKarolelanomme e na le tse phahameng ka ho fetisisaNtlha e sotsang. Boholo ba distillation bo etsa hore thepa ea ho qetelaPitch, joalo ka eonaViscositymmeho nolofatsaLitšobotsi. Re ka laola ts'ebetso ea ho hlahisa limaraka tse fapaneng tsaPitch, ho kenyelletsa le bonolo, bohareng, kapa ka thataPitch, e etselitsoeng likopo tse ikhethileng tsa indasteri. Mohlala, thePitchE reretsoe ho baTlamahanohoKetso ea li-electrodeso hloka thepa e tobileng haholo.

Ts'ebetso eohle e shebiloe ka hloko ho netefatsa boleng le botsitso baMalinyane a maleal. Sena se kenyelletsa ho laola mocheso o nepahetseng le ho arohana hantle ha likaroloana tse fapaneng tse fapaneng. E hlahisitsoengPitchJoale, e ka sebetsoa hape, mohlomong ka ho tšoara lipalesa kapa lithibela-leseling, bakeng sa ho sebetsana le bareki ba rona USA, Europe le Australia. Netefatsa hore o tla tšeptjoaetsaTs'ebetso e bohlokoa hobane indasteri e itšetlehile ka thepa ena. Ka mohlala,Coke Coke, sehlahisoa se seng sa bohlokoa, se tsoa phekolo e fetang ea mocheso oaMalinyane a maleal. Morero ke kamehla ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea e mong le e mongKarolelano hlahisoa ka mashala.

Litšebelisano tsa mantlha tsa tar le molumo oa eona ke eng?

Thets'ebeliso ea tar ea mashalale qapa,Malinyane a maleal, li fapane haholo, li ama batho ba bangata ba indasteri ea indasteri. Nalane,mashala tale ne e bile e sebelisoa merero ea kalafo, e lumelle kapa che, ho phekola maemo a letlalo joalo kaPASORAISISmmeEczemaKa sebopeho sa litlolo, lisente, leshampoo. Le kajeno, oriti e itsengshampoose na lemashala talHo thusa kaDandruffle scalpPASORAISIS. Leha ho le joalo, boholo baMalinyane a malealHo hlahisoa litlhoko tsa indasteri.

E 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisaTs'ebeliso ea Tar Tal Pitche joaloTlamahano. Ke ntho e ntle haholoTlamahanobakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khabone, li e etsa e bohlokoa hoetsa sebopeho sa carbon le graphite electrodesBakeng sa motlakaseli-arc li silikae sebelisoang ho Steelmaking le bakeng sali-adeshoindasteri ea aluminium(ka ho khetheha bakeng saaluminium a holofatsa. ThePitche thusa ho tšoaraCokelikaroloana hammoho mme e fana ka ts'ebetso ea motlakase e hlokahalang le matla a hlokahalang holithemparetjha tse phahameng. Re boetse rea hlahisaMefuta e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le lipalesa le li-block, ho lumellana le mekhoa ena ea ho etsa lintho. Likopo tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng saho kenyelletsats'ebeliso ea eona hoLikotsi tsa bokaholimommepentaliforomo, ho fana ka thepa e ntle e nang le metsi le e thibelang lijalo tsa boea. E sebelisoa hopavelitsela le libakeng tsa marulelo ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa le ho hanyetsa ka metsi.

Ho feta moo, mefuta e khethehileng eaPitch, joalo kaCoke Coke, e hlahisoa bakeng sa likopo tse hlokang litaba tse ngata tsa khabone le litšila tse tlase, joalo ka hoFumaneindasteri kapa joalo ka ha carbon e kenyeletsoa tlhahisong ea tšepe. Phapang eaMalinyane a maleale bolela hore limaraka tse ikhethang li ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e lebisitsoeng. Mohlala, softerPitche kanna ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho nka metsi ho naha, ha e le thataPitche nang le holimoNtlha e sotsangho hlokahala bakeng saElectrodetlhahiso. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho theha litlamo tse matla le ho hanela tikoloho e thataMalinyane a malealLipole tseo, leha ho ne ho tloaelehile nalane, e ntse e le ea bohlokoa. Re bile re bona li batla lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa asphalt, tse arolelanang bokahong boo, joalo ka ronaLihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa asphalt bakeng sa lebala la oli.

Hobaneng ha mashala a masoa a mashala a le bohlokoa ho liindasteri tsa aluminium le tsa tšepe?

Malinyane a maleale phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo joalokaTlamahanohoindasteri ea aluminiumle tlhahiso ea tšepe. Ha re bue ka Aluminium pele. Ho hlahisoa ha aluminium ea mantlha ho itšetleha ka ts'ebetso ea holo ea holo ea holo, e kenyelletsa phokotso ea elektronente ea alumina. Ts'ebetso ena e hloka khabone e kholo ea khaboneli-ades. Tsenali-adesli jeoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha, 'meMalinyane a malealke seo se ratoangTlamahanobakeng sa peteroleCokekapaCoke CokeAkaretsa sena bakeng sa litsili-ades. Boleng baPitche ama ka kotloloho tšebetsong le li-difespan tsaAode, e amang katleho eaaluminium a holofatsa. Thepa ea senotlolo joalo ka boleng bo phahameng ba ho roka, bokhoni bo botle ba ho koloba, le maemo a tlase a litšila (joalo kasebabolele molora) li boima.

Indastering ea tšepe,Malinyane a maleale bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea graphiteelectrode. Tsenaelectrodeli sebelisoa ho motlakaseli-arc li silika(Eafs) ho qhibiliha tšepe le ho hlahisa tšepe e ncha. Basebetsi ba sebetsa hahololithemparetjha tse phahameng, leelectrodee tlameha ho mamella maemo ana ha a ntse a fana ka boitšoaro bo botle ba motlakase.Malinyane a maleale sebetsa joalo kaTlamahanoBakeng saCokelikaroloana (hangataCoke ea Nale) e sebelisitsoe ho etsa graphite enaelectrode. E sebelisoa hape hoetsatsaDispacuryLisebelisoa, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho li bitsaLi-Furnacesbona, ka bo bona, ba ba sirelelitse ho tsoa mocheso o matla. ThePitche thata nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho baka eaElectrodekapaDispacurylitene, ho theha tlamo e matla ea khabone.

Bakeng sa bareki ba kang Mareka Thompson, ea fanang ka indasteri ena, e le ea ho lumela le boleng baMalinyane a malealha li thuise. Phapang e nyane hoPitchboleng bo ka lebisa mathateng a maholoElectrodets'ebetso, joalo ka litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa tšebeliso kapa esita le ho hloleha. Ke kahoo, fekthering ea rona, re latela mehato ea taolo ea matla a likhoka bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng saMalinyane a maleale reretsoeindasteri ea aluminiumkapa li-mill tsa tšepe. Tlhokahalo ea bohloeki bo phahamengPitchka ho tobaLintlha tse nolofatsangle litekanyetso tsa boea li re boloka re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tse hlakileng ho ronaho khetholla mashalatar.

Ho hlahloba leqhubu la mashala 'mapa ka marulelo a marulelong le lits'ebetsong tse sa keneleng metsi

Ntle le lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa mocheso o phahameng,Malinyane a maleale na le nalane e telele le e atlehileng e marulelong ebile e na le metsi. Mesebetsi ea eona ea metsi e sa tloaelehang ea metsi e e khetholla e etsa khetho e ntle ea ho etsa tšireletso e tšoarellang le e telelekoaelitsamaiso. Ha e sebelisoa marulelong a hahiloeng ka marulelo a hahiloeng (bur) litsamaiso tsaMalinyane a malealha li fetoleloe ka masela ho theha masela ho theha khatello ea metsi, monolithic e sa keneleng metsi. Mofuta ona oaMaruleloe tsejoa ka ho phela nako e telele le bokhoni ba ho iphelisa, haholo-holo likopo tse batang kapa tse tlase.

Theli-viccoustlhaho ea futhumatsaMalinyane a malealE e lumella ho phalla ho kena le ho tiisa mapetso le melala ea kelello, ho fana ka tšireletso e phahameng khahlanong le interess ea metsi. E boetse e tšoaelisoa ke lik'hemik'hale tse ngata le hore na ke hobaneng ha li etsoa hangata bakeng sa litulo tsa claza le marulelo a matala. ThePitche theha tlamo e matla, e khomarelang ho substrate e fapaneng. Ha mefuta e meng ea kajeno e teng,Malinyane a malealLitsamaiso tsa-Onka li ntse li boletsoe bakeng sa merero e batlang e batla ts'ebetso e phahameng le bophelo bo bolelele, haholo moo metsi a potileng e leng taba e tšoanang, joalo kaMalinyane a malealha e nyenyefatsoe ke nako e telelekgahlameloho metsi.

Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tšebeliso eaMalinyane a malealLikopong tsena li hloka ho sebetsana ka hloko ka lebaka lakgahlameloMatšoenyeho, ao ke tla a ama hamorao. ThePitche hloka ho futhumatsa mocheso o itseng ho fihlella ka nepoViscositybakeng sa kopo. E hlahisitsoengkoaee thata ebile e ka ba leqe. Le ha 'mala o moputsoa o ka lebisa mochesong o phahameng oa mocheso, sena se ka fokotsoa ka lipotoloso tse bonts'itsoeng. Bakeng sa rona, lihlahisoaPitche loketse tsenaLikotsi tsa bokaholimoho bolela ho netefatsa tokeloNtlha e sotsangle litšobotsi tse phallang, tse fapaneng le tse thataPitche sebedisoang bakeng saelectrode. Phapang ena homofuta oa molumoke letšoao lamashala talho sebetsa.

Na ho na le limaraka tse fapaneng tsa tal ea mashala? Ho utloisisa lithempareletso

E, ka ho feletseng!Malinyane a malealha se boholo bo boholo - thepa eohle. E khethollotsoe litende tse fapaneng tse thehiloeng ho eona haholoNtlha e sotsang, e leng mocheso oo ho oonaPitche qala ho nolofatsa le ho phalla tlasa maemo a itseng a liteko. Thepa ena e bohlokoa hobane e ea hoPitche tla itshwara ka kopo ya ona ya ho qeta. TheHo khetholla tar ea caale ka laoloa ho hlahisaPitchka mefuta e fapaneng eaLintlha tse nolofatsang.

Ka tloaelo re arolaMalinyane a malealho:

• Pitch e bonolo:Mofuta ona o na le tlaseNtlha e sotsang. E ea sebetsa le ho feta hangata ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong joalo ka likopo tse kang metsi, litseleng tsa 'mila le mefuta e meng eapentammekoaemoo ho beleha ho bohlokoa.
• Pitch ea mocheso o mahareng:Ena ke sehlopha se sa fetoheng. RonaMeroho ea moea e boharengLihlahisoa li oela sehlopheng sena, se loketse lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tse tlamang, ho kenyelletsa tse lingDispacurylihlahisoa le tse sa sebetseng.
• Hard Pitch (Mocheso o phahameng):HonaPitche na le phahamengNtlha e sotsang'me e boetse e batla e le mocheso oa kamore. Ho bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang matla le botsitso bo phahameng ba thekeng, joalo kaKetso ea li-electrodesBakeng sa liindasteri tsa Aluminium le Steel (Carbon le Graphie Electrodes), le bakeng sa ho hlahisa boleng bo phahamengCoke Coke. Ronamocheso o phahameng oa asphaltke enjene ea ts'ebeliso ena e hlokang.

Ntle leNtlha e sotsang, litšobotsi tse ling tse kang boleng ba koae (palo eaLesala la Carbonizedka ho le letšehali kamora ho futhumatsa), Quinobone Insulin Collal (Qi) Lits'oants'o tsa TolueneMalinyane a malealka sepheo se itseng. Ka mohlala,ElectrodeHo etsa lihlahisoa ho hloka aPitchka boleng bo phahameng bo holimo le molora o tlase mmesebaboledikahare. Joaloka moetsi, re sebetsa haufi-ufi le bareki joaloka Mareka Thompson ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa bona tse hlakileng le ho fana kamofuta oa molumoSeo se tsamaisana le litlhaloso tsa bona hantle, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng lits'ebetsong tsa bona, ebang ke tsaaluminium a holofatsakapa ho theha e ikhethangbanyane.

Mokokotlo oa mashala oa mashala oa mashala oa mashala: Ke lintlha life tsa bohlokoa tseo bareki ba lokelang ho nahana ka tsona?

Bakeng sa bareki ba kang Mark thompson, eo e leng mong'a k'hamphani le ofisiri ea ho khelosa, khomaretsoMalinyane a malealHo tsoa ho barekisi ba machaba ba tšoanang le rona Chaena ho kenyelletsa ho etsa tlhahlobo e 'maloa. Mareka o tebile boleng empa a boetse a batla tlholisano ea tlholisano, tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ho litlolo tsa B2b. Libaka tsa hae tsa bohlokoa tse rekang ke linaha tse tsoelang pele, 'me hangata o fumana barekisi ka lipontšo le ho bapa ha Google lipatlisiso.

Matšoao a bohlokoa ke enoa, 'me ho na le moreki leha e le ofe, o lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho:

1. Tlhahlobo ea boleng bo boleng le ho nahanisisa kaHona hoa bohlokoa. ThePitcho tlameha ho kopana le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang -Ntlha e sotsang, boleng ba bofung, qi, tis, ti, ti, ti, tri, joalo-teng Tlalehong ea ka, re hatisa mela ea rona ea 7 ea tlhahiso 'me re khomaretse ka thata litekanyetsong tsa machabeng ho netefatsa sena.
2. LITLHAKISO:Bareki ba lokela ho batla barekisi ka litloholo tse nang le netefatso e nepahetseng, joalo ka melao ea ISO bakeng sa taolo ea boleng le tikoloho ea tikoloho. Ka bomalimabe, Mareka o thulana le bosholu ba Setifikeiti ho barekisi ba bang ba tsoang barekisi ba bang ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea barekisi ba bang ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea cheseho. Kamehla re fana ka litokomane tse pepeneneng le tse netefatsang.
3. Ho tšepahala le ho tsamaisa thepa:Lits'enyehelo tsa thomello li ka ba le lithibelo tsa tlhahiso ka matla, sebaka se seholo sa Mareka. Lisebelisoa tse tšepahalang, ho kenyelletsa le liphutheloana tse nepahetseng (e.g., lipalesa, kapa ho romelloa ka nako le ho tšoaea ka nako e hlakileng. Ha re romella USA, Amerika Leboea, Europe le Australia, ka hona re na le boiphihlelo bo pharaletseng ho lekola thepa e hlokometsoeng ke thepa ea machaba.
4. Puisano le Mohlahisi:Mareka o bile le puisano e sa sebetseng hantle le baemeli ba thekiso. Hlakileng, potlakisitsoeng, 'me puisano e nang le tsebo ea bohlokoa e bohlokoa. Le ha Mareka a ntse a na le thepa ea thekiso, o haelloa ke boiphihlelo bo tebileng ba theknoloji hoMalinyane a maleal, ka hona ho ba le morekisi ea ka hlalosang lintlha tsa seqoqo hantle ho molemo. 'Na le sehlopha sa ka re loanela ho ba balekane, eseng barekisi feela ba fanang ka thepa.
5. Mekhoa ea Tefo:Lipehelo tse sireletsehileng tsa tefo tse sireletsehileng le tse lumellanang tsa tefo li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho haha ​​ts'epo le ho tsamaisa lits'ebetso tse boreleli.
6. Kutloisiso ea Ts'ebeliso ea Qetellong:Morekisi ea hantle o lokela ho utloisisa hore na ba bona joangMalinyane a maleale tla sebelisoa (e.g., bakeng saelectrode, DispacuryLisebelisoa,Likotsi) Ho netefatsa hore ba fana ka sehlopha se loketseng ka ho fetisisa le ho fana ka likeletso tse nepahetseng. Mona ke moo tsebo ea rona e tla ho eona, e thusa bareki ba khethang tokelomofuta oa molumo.
7. Litheko:Le ha boleng ba bohlokoa, tlholisano le bona ke mokhanni. Hangata bareki hangata ba bapisa mantsoe a qotsitsoeng, empa ho le bohlokoa ho nahana ka litšenyehelo tsohle tsa beng ka kakaretso, ho kenyelletsa le boleng, ba ho ts'epahala, barekisi ba sa tšepahaleng.

Ho sebetsana le lintho tse mabapi le lintho tsena ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho thusa ho haha ​​likamano tsa nako e telele. Ha Matsoho a paka litlhaloso, tsena ke lintlha tseo a li hlahlobang ha a kopana le barekisi baMalinyane a malealmmeCoke ea peteroleum.

Ntle ho Pitch: Ke likarolo life tsa bohlokoa li etsa likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa?

Ha a ntse aMalinyane a malealke naleliho jara masalaho tlohamashala khalase, likaroloana tse bobebe tse tlositsoeng nakong ena li bohlokoa haholo.Mashala talke treave ea letlotlo lalikhamphani tse monko o monate, 'me ho arohana le ho li arola ho lumella mefuta e mengata ea pherekano ea lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale. Likarolo tsena li hlahisoa ka mocheso o fapaneng.

Tse ling tsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa bohlokoa, kapa litsietsi, tse fumanoeng pele re fihla hoPitchkenyelletsa:

• Oli e bobebe (ho fihlela ho 170 ° C):HonaKarolelanoe na leBenzene, Tolueene le Xylenes (BTX), eo e leng lithibelo tsa mantlha tsa moaho bakeng sa indasteri ea lik'nyemik'hale, e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa polasetiki, li-rapicber tsa syvens, daes, lesolvel. E na le tse lingpyridineMases.
• Koloi ea 'mala oa carbolic kapa oli e bohareng (170 ° C - 230 ° C):Sena se ruile hoPhenol, CRORSION, le Xywlen, e tsejoang ka ho kopanya li-acids.PhenolNa lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tsa boikhathollo li sebelisoa ho hlahisa boloi ba Phunolic (joalo ka Bakelite), Bisphenol A (bakeng sa Polycarbonates le Caprolachoam (bakeng sa nylon). HonaKarolelanohape e na leNaphthalene.
• NAPHTHALENE oli ea NAPHTHALENE (200 ° C - C.S0 ° C.Joalokaha lebitso le bontša, ena ke mohloli oa mantlha oaNaphthalene. Naphthalenee sebelisoa ho etsa phthalide moithydride (ea balebeli, e keteka le daes), hammoho le li-moths cooket.
• Hlatsoa oli (230 ° C - 290 ° C.HonaKarolelanoe sebelisoa e le moemeli ea hlabang ho monyaBenzenele tse ling tse sa fetohenglikhamphani tse monko o monateho tsoa ho mafura a coke. E na le ho chesa haholoNaphthaleneli-sorivatives le tse linglikhamphani tse monko o monate.
• Arinacone oli kapa oli e tala (30 ° C - 360 ° C - 360 °):Ena ke oli e boima ka ho fetisisaKarolelanopelePitch. Ke mohloli oa mantlha oaAnthracene, Phenanhrene le Carbazole.Anthracenee sebelisetsoa ho etsa anthraquinone, selelekela sa daes. Oli ena ka boeona e ka sebelisoa hape bakeng sa poloko ea patsi (e le karolo eaPitso Eate le matloana a mashalamotsoako) kapa joalo ka phepelo ea ho hlahisa carbon e ntšo.

Karohano e ntle le tlhoekiso ea likaroloana tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho holisa boleng bo tsoang hotal. E mong le e mongMultindkapa sehlopha saMetsoakoHo sebeletsa 'maraka o ikhethang,' me ho pholoha ha bona ho kenya letsoho haholo ho moruo ka kakaretso oamashalaho sebetsa. Kahoo, ha re bua kamashala tal, e feta feelaPitch; Ke mohloli o thata oa lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tsa bohlokoa.

Ho utloisisa ho pepesetsoa ha meputso ea mashala ea massage: polokeho pele

Polokeho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ha e sebetsana leMalinyane a maleal, haholo-holo mabapi leTLHOKOMELISO EA Mosebetsi. Malinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala(CTPVS) - mosi le lerōle le filoeng nengPitche futhumatsoa kapa e sebetsoa - e na le polycyclicmonko o monateHydrocarbons (Pahs), tse ling tsa tsona li tsejoa kapa li belaelloali-carcinogens. Ka hona, ho laolaHo pepesetsoa thekeng ea mashala ea mashalake ntho e tlang pele ka indasteri moo e sebelisoang.

TLHOKOMELISO EA Mosebetsie ka hlahainhalationea mosi le lerōle,Kopano ea Drmatalka boitsebiso boo, kapa ho kenella (leha ho le joalo. Nako e telele kapa e feteletsengkgahlameloe ka lebisa litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa bophelo bo botle. Nako e khutšoanekgahlameloe kanna ea bakaho teneha ha letlalo, leihloHo teneha, lePherekano ea Pherekano ea Pherekano. Khanya ea letsatsi e ka mpefatsa maikutlo a letlalo (Photosensitization) ho batho ba pepesitsoengmashala talLihlahisoa. Nako e telelekgahlamelo, haholo-holo ho CTPV, e hokahane le kotsi e eketsehileng eaKankere, ho kenyelletsaKankere ea letlalo, matšoafo, bladder, le liphioKankere. Setsi sa machabeng sa Patlisiso ho mofets'e (Iarc) e hlahelletsengMalinyane a malealJoaloka sehlopha sa 1Carciinogen(Carcinogenic ho batho).

Ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang leHo pepesetsoa tale ea caal, basebetsi ba sebetsang ka ho kenya tšebetsong mehato e mengata ea taolo:

• Litšitiso tsa boenjiniere:Sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tse kentsoeng, lehae la lehae la lehae la ho hapa mothating oa mohloli le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ho sebetsana le tsona.
• LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO:Ho fokotsa nako ea basebetsi ba qeta libakeng tse nang le menyetlakgahlamelo, e fana ka koetliso menahanong e sireletsehileng ea ho sebetsana le ho sebetsa, le ho theha mekhoa e hlakileng ea mosebetsi.
• Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea motho (PPE):Sena se bohlokoa ebile se kenyelletsa redpiratsi (haholo ha a futhumatsaPitch)Kopano ea Drmatalmmeinhalation.
• TLHOKOMELISO:Litlhahlobo tsa bophelo bo botle tsa kamehla bakeng sa basebetsi ba nang le bokhonikgahlamelo.

Leha ho le joalomashala tale sebelisitsoe meriana e meng ea sehlooho bakeng saMathata a Skinjoalo kaPASORAISISmmeEczema(ka lebaka la thepa ea eona ea ho ikatisa le e sa khaotseng), batho ba bangata ba nyenyefatsang), ba ka hlaseloa ke tšebeliso ea boits'oaro ba boitšoaro bo laoloang. Liindasterikgahlameloke taba e fapaneng 'me e tlameha ho tea ka thata. Joaloka moetsi ea ikarabellang, re netefatsa hore basebetsi ba rona ba sirelelitsoe, 'me re fana ka maqephe a polokelo ea matsoho (SDS) ho bareki ba rona ba ratang ho sebetsana le matsoho a sireletsehileng bakeng sa ronaMalinyane a malealLihlahisoa. Boitlamo bona ba polokeho bo bohlokoa hobane ba ntse ba le tengMalinyane a malealke lintho tse nang le thuso tse bohlokoa, ho mo thatafalloa ke ho hlompha le ho khomarela li-protocol tsa polokeho ho thibelabophelo bo botle bo bobesephetho.

Bokamoso ba TR PUal Pitch: LITLHAKISO TSA BOTSOALLE LE TLHOKOMELISO EA RONA

Joaloka mong'a ntlo ea Chaena, 'na, Allen, bona bokamoso bakeng saMalinyane a malealSeo se bopetsoe ke boqapi le ho eketseha ha maikutlo a ntseng a eketseha ho matlafatsa. Ha e le boitsebiso ba setso, thepa ea eona e ikhethang, haholo-holo joalokaTlamahanoka likopo tse phahameng tsa mocheso le bakeng sa tse ikhethangLikotsi, netefatsa hore boemo ba eona bo tsoela pele. Drive bakeng sa katleho e phahameng ea indasteri e tjenaaluminium a holofatsamme tlhahiso ea tšepe e bolela tlhokeho ea boleng bo holimoPitchKa litšobotsi tse ikhethang - tlasePahsLikahare moo ho ka khonehang, boleng bo botle bo botle le ho fetaMesophaseNts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele.

Ngata hoMalinyane a malealHo sebetsa ho ka kenyelletsa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e tsoileng matsoho ho hlakola likarohano, kapa liphetoho hoPitchka boeona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso kapa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Mohlala, lipatlisiso ho hlahisaPitchka sebopeho se laoloang haholo kapa se ntseng se tsoela pele sechapolymeriationMekhoa e ka lebisa ho "Moqapi"PitchLihlahisoa tsa lits'ebetso tsa niche. Ho boetse ho na le mosebetsi o sa feleng indastering ho fokotsaembiseMaemo Nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea eona, haholoholoMalinyane a mashala a mashala a mashala. Sena se kenyelletsa meralo e ntle ea bohlooho, mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho tsamaisa thepa, ebile e leng pokello ea tlhahlobo eaembises.

Boitlamo ba rona ba Zgperty ke ho tsoela pele ho ba mofani oaLihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng ba mashala, ho kenyelletsaMalinyane a maleal, petroleumCoke, leasphalt e fetotsoeng. Re tsetela ho mela ea rona ea 7 ho netefatsa katleho le boleng bo hohelang melao ea machaba. Re utloisisa lintho tse u tšoenyang tsa bareki ba kang matšoao Thompson mabapi le boleng ba boleng bo feto-fetohang, ba tšepahalang le puisano e hlakileng. Re nka karolo ka mafolofoloPontšoHo ikopanya le bareki mme o lule o le masene a ho bua ka mekhoa ea indasteri. Re lumela hore ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho boleng ba sehlahisoa, ntho e nang le boikarabello (ho rarollaTLHOKOMELISO EA MosebetsiMatšoenyeho a tikoloho) le litlhoko tsa bareki,Malinyane a maleale tla lula e le thepa ea bohlokoa. Phephetso ke ho lekanya tlhoko ea eona ea indasteri le polokeho ea tikoloho eo re ikemiselitseng ho e etela. Nts'etsopele ea ho sebetsa ka thatacarbonozedLihlahisoa, tse tsoang ho tse phahamengPitch, e tla boela ea khanna tlhoko ea kamoso.

Leetong la lefats'e laMalinyane a maleale senola thepa e kholo ea mantlha ea mantlha ho tsa mantlha (joalo kaByproducttsamashalaE ntse e sebetsa) le sejoale-joale se seng le se seng ka likopo tsa sona. Ho tloha ho thusa tlhahiso ea aluminium le tšepe ho sireletsa meaho e tšoarellangLikotsi, semelo sa eona se ke ke safatsoa.

Key Picaways ea ho hopola:

• Malinyane a maleale ntšo,Lipapatso tsa Viscousho tlohamashala khalase, e ruile ka polycyclicmonko o monateHydrocarbons (Pahs).
• E hlahisitsoe haholo ka karoloHo khetholla tar ea caal, eo ka boeona keByproducttsaCoke etsaho tlohamashala a lerata.
• Senotlolots'ebeliso ea tal ea mashala e kenyeletsajoalo ka ho nyatsaTlamahanohoKetso ea li-electrodesBakeng sa liindasteri tsa Aluminium le Steels, hoDispacuryLisebelisoa, marulelo, a ipata, lepenta/koaeLikopo.
• Limaraka tse fapaneng (tse bonolo, tse bonolo, tse thata / mocheso o phahameng) ho ipapisitsoe leNtlha e sotsangle thepa e 'ngoe, e talimisitsoeng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e ikhethang joalo kaaluminium a holofatsali-ades kapa tselaLikotsi tsa bokaholimo.
• MoputsoMalinyane a malealE hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi haholo ho boleng, netefatso, thepa, puisano, puisano ea bafani le kutloisiso eaTLHOKOMELISO EA MosebetsiLikotsi.
• Mashala talhape e hlahisa likaroloana tse ling tsa bohlokoa joalo kaBenzene, Phenol, Naphthalene, leoli ea anthracene, e bohlokoa bakeng sa indasteri ea lik'nyetsoe.
• Polokeho ke paramount: Ho laolaHo pepesehela massage ea mashala ea mashala ea mashalae bohlokoa ka lebaka la likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsaKankere, e hlokang taolo ea boenjiniere, popo le mekhoa e bolokehileng ea mosebetsi.
• Bokamoso baMalinyane a malealMashano a tsoelang pele ho boetapele bo phahameng ba limaraka tsa boleng bo phahameng, limaraka tse khethehileng le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tlhahiso.

Joalokaha Allen, ke motlotlo ho etella pele lisebelisoa tse bohlokoa ho indastering ea lefatše. Re utloisisa litlhoko tsa bareki joaloka Matšoao Thompson 'me re inehetse ho ea fana ka lihlahisoa, empa tharollo le ho ts'epahala.Malinyane a maleal, le ikhethangTlamahanoBonolo le thepa e meng, ba tla tsoela pele ho ba taba e ngata lilemong tse ngata tse tlang.