Ferekane kaAsphalt, tar, leBitumen? Ha u mong. Hangata mantsoe ana a sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang, haholo ha a bua ka litsela ledriveways, empa li bua ka lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng tse nang le sistimi e fapaneng, thepa le lits'ebetso. Ho utloisisaphapang lipakeng tsa sebaliana, tar, leAsphalte bohlokoa hore na o kenella hoKaho ea tsela, lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanya lits'ebetso tsa indasteri joalo ka aluminum a nkha kapa a tšepe, kapa feela ho tseba lintho tse ntšo tse etsang litsela tse ntšo. Sengoliloeng sena se tla fokola lisebelisoa tsena, tse hlalosang seo e mong le se seng, se fapana ka (Asphall vs Tar), ke hobane'ng ha u khetha lintho tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso,Ho Tšoara, 'me katleho e theko e tlaase. E le fektheri e nang le boiphihlelo bo boholo ho hlahisamashala talLihlahisoa le likokoana-hloko tsa peterole, re tla arolelana leseli la ho u thusa ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo.
Asphalt e entsoe haholo ka eng?
Asphalt, maemong aKaho ea tselale ho ipata, ha se ntho e le 'ngoe empa e le ntho e qalang. Nahana ka eona joaloka konkreite, e sebelisangsamentejoalo kaTlamahanobakeng saAggregate(joalo ka lehlabathe le lehlohlojane). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang,AsphaltSebaka sa bohlokoa ke hore ke motsoako oaAggregate(Lejoe le hlahiloeng, lehlabathe kapa lehlohlojane, le etsa bongata ba thepa ea thepa) le aTlamahano. TheTlamahanoke motsoako oa bohlokoa o tšoerengAggregatehammoho, ho fana ka maemo le maemo.
E atileng haholoTlamahanosebelisoa kajeno hoetsa asphalttsela keBitumen. HonaBitumene kopantsoe le boholo bo fapaneng baAggregate- ho tlohaCoarseMajoe hoAggregate e ntlejoalo ka lehlabathe - hammoho le afillerthepa. Boholo ba taolo e laoloa ka hloko ho fihlela litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa ts'ebetso. Motsoako o futhumatsoa (lithemparetjha tse pakeng tsa 300 le 350degrees celsius), e tsoakotsoa ka botlalo, ebe e robala le ho ratoa ha e ntse e sebetsa ho thehaboreleli, bokaholimo bo tšoarellang. Kahoo, ha batho ba bua ka "Asphalt Road"kapa"Asphalt Driveway", hangata li bua kaAsphaltkonkreite, enjineri e ngotsoeng ka nepomotsoako oa bitumenmmeAggregate.
KajenoAsphaltmotsoako o etselitsoe ka kotlolohoBoemo ba leholimomaemo le mojaro oa sephethephethe. Thepa eaBitumen Tlamahanole mofuta / grading eaAggregateTšohleha haholo ho hanyetsa ha tsela ea ho hanyetsa ho ea ho moqolo, ho ruruha le tšenyo ea mongobo. Phapang eaAsphalte lumella baenjiniere ho theha litsebe tse loketseng ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ho tsoa ho bolulodriveways le ho paka makoloilotho e kholo ea litsela tse kholo. ENKELE E MOLEMOAsphalt ke motsoakoe fanang ka maqeba leha e kenele metsi bokantleRe ithaopela letsatsi le letsatsi.
Taea e hlalositsoeng: E tsoa kae mme e fapane joang?
Ho fapanaAsphalt(e sebelisoang haholoBitumene tsoang hopetroleum,tarke ntho e fapaneng le e fapaneng haholo.Tarhangata keka sehlahisoae fumanoang ho tsoa hoHo khetholla lintho tse senyang tsa thepa ea manyolo. Sena se bolela ho futhumatsa thepa joalomashala kapa patsiha ho na moea. Sebopeho se tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa se nang le ts'ebetso ea nalane le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri kemashala tal, e hlahisitsoeng nakong ea bosholu ba bosholu moomashalae futhumetse ho hlahisa Coke (e sebelisitsoeng ho Steelmaking) le khase ea mashala.
Mashala tale boima, e ntšo,Li-viscous metsi a liketsahaloe nang le khatello e phahameng eamonko o monate oa hydrocarbons. Nalane,mashala tale sebelisitsoe joalo ka aTlamahanoKaho ea Mmila, e le pele ho polelo "Tarmac"tarle lejoe le robehileng). Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea eona ho eona e ka utloisisoa haholo libakeng tse ngata tsa lefatše, haholo-holo tse amanang le metsoako ea bophelo bo botle.
Ha e sebelisoa hapebokaholimoHona joale lits'ebetso li na le moeli,mashala talle litsie tsa eona (joalo kaMashala a mashala a mashala• Lula lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa tlhophiso tsa indastering e fapaneng. Li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea thepa ea marulelo, phalakoaeEnamel, liqhetsoana, litšoantšo, le bohlokoa, joalo kabanyaneBakeng sa li-elektrone tsa khabone tse sebelisitsoeng ho Aluminim ho fofonela le ho itsamaisa. E ikhethangLi-commituri tsa lik'hemik'haletsaMalinyane a maleal, e tsoang homashala, e etse karolo ea bohlokoa eo ts'ebetso ea mocheso o phahameng le meaho e ikhethang ea carbon ea hlokahala. Ho utloisisaphapang lipakeng tsa li-bitumen le tare qala ka tšimoloho ea bona:Bitumenho tlohaOli e sephara, tarho tlohamashala kapa patsidistillation.
Bilumen e senotsoe: Na ke lebitso le leng feela bakeng sa asphalt?
Mona ke kae pherekano e ngata. Ha a ntse aAsphaltmmeBitumenli amana, ha li na ntho e tšoanang, leha lipehelo li lula li le tengsebelisoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang, haholo-holo libakeng tse ling.BilumenkeTlamahanoKaroloka hare Asphalttsela. Kee khubunyane, hahololi-viccoussemi-e tiileng kapa metsie nkiloeng ho peterole. Ka ho khetheha,Bitumenke ea boima haholoKarolelanoe fumanoeng ho tsoa karohanongdistillationtsaOli e sephara- Ke masala a siiloeng ka mor'a likhohlano tse bobebe joalo ka ha peterole, sofele le libricating li tlositsoe. Masala ana hangata a bitsoa joalo kaPhumunu ka tlasets'ebetsong ea ho hloekisa.
Botulu bo hloekilengha e le hantle ke ea tlhahoKholiseho. Karolo ea eona ea mantlha hoAsphaltho tsamaisa thepa ke ho tlamaAggregatelikaroloana (lehlabathetselasebopeho. E boetse e fana ka litšobotsi tse sa sireletsehang tse nang le metsi, ho sireletsa likarolo tse ka tlas'a metsi ho tloha Way ea metsi.Bilumenka boeona e bonolo ebile e na le mocheso haholo ea ho sebelisoa e le abokaholimoka boyena; e hloka tšehetso ea sebopeho saAggregate. Nahana kaBitumenjoalo ka sekhomaretsi, 'meAsphaltjoalo ka sebopeho se tlotsitsoeng (li-aggregs le bitumene kopantsoe).
Kahoo, haBitumenke senotlolomotsoakohoAsphalttsela,Asphalte bua kaLintho tse ling tsohle tse kopanenge sebedisoang bakeng sa ho thella. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefatše (joaloka Europe), "bitumen" ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo o sebelisetsoang ho bua ka bongata, "asphall samente" kapa feela "AsphaltHangata hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa binder, le "Asphaltkonkreite "bakeng sa motsoako oa ho qetela. Ho sa tsotelehe polelo,Bilumen ke seriti, li-viccous Tlamahanoe tsoang hoOli e sephara, e khethollatare tsoang homashala.
Asphalt vs Tar vs Birumen: Phapang ke efe mabapi le tšimoloho le thepa?
Ha re hlalose ka ho hlakaPhapang ea Bohlokoa pakeng tsa asphalt, Bitumen, letar. Ho utloisisa khetho ena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khetha boitsebiso bo nepahetseng bakeng sa likopo tse tobileng, hore na e ntse e sebetsa atselakapa u sebelise lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri.
Tšobotsi | Bilumen | Tar (tar tar) | Asphalt (Tsela ea) |
---|---|---|---|
Tšimoloho | Oli e sephara (petroleum) masala a litheolelo | Ho khetholla lintho tse senyang tsa thepa ea manyolo(haholo-holomashala) | Motsoako o sebelisaBitumenjoalo kaTlamahano |
Tlhaho ea mantlha | Tlamahano, Kholiseho, Li-viscous metsi a liketsahalo/ semi re tiile | Li-viscous metsi a liketsahalo, ka sehlahisoaea bosholu | Lintho tse qabolang (Aggregate + Tlamahano) |
Sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale | Haholo-holo anifatic hydrocarbons | Taba ea mantlhaMonko o monate oa hydrocarbons | Motsoako (ho latelaAggregate&Tlamahano) |
Ts'ebeliso e Tloaelehileng | TlamahanohoAsphaltho jala, marulelo,ha e kenele metsiing | Lits'ebetso tsa indasteri (li-electrodes, li-cookis, balants), li ipata joang.Tarmac) | Kaho ea tsela, driveways, Ho paka makoloi, shingles ka marulelo |
Mmala | Sootho / bosoeu bo lefifi | E ntšo | Mofuta o moputsoa / o lefifi |
Fulubility | Soluble e khabisitsoeng ea khabone, soltroleum solvent | E sa qhibilihe ka li-soltroleum li-solvet tsa petroleum, tse sa qhibilihe ka li-solven tse somahanyang | Ho latela likarolo |
Matšoenyeho a Bophelo | Ka kakaretso ho tšoenyeha ho tlase ho feta tar ea mashala | Kameho e phahameng ka lebaka la vocs le li-carcinogens | E amanang leBitumenmosi |
TLHOKOMELISOphapang lipakeng tsa li-bitumen le tare lutse mohloling oa bona:Bitumene tsoa hopetroleum, hatare tsoa homashala(kapa ka linako tse ling lehong). Sena se lebisa ho liphapang tsa bohlokoa ho bonaLi-commituri tsa lik'hemik'halele ho ba le boikarabello ba likopo tse fapaneng.AsphaltJoale, ke sehlahisoa sa enjineu sebelisa Bitumenjoalo kaBasebetsi ba tlamangbakeng saAggregateho etsa se tšoarellangtsela bokantle. Bilumenka kakaretso e fana kaThepa e ntle e khahlehangle tlasemocheso oa mochesobapisoa le setsotar, e e etsa khetho e ratoang ea kajenoKaho ea tsela.
Na Tal e ntse e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa litsela tse jang litsela le litselana tsa duve?
Ha a ntse atar(ka ho khethehamashala tale ne e le ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho ipata nakong e fetileng, e lebisang polelong "Tarmac, "Tšebeliso ea eona ho sejoale-joaleKaho ea tselale bakeng sa ho ipatadrivewayse fokotsehile haholo linaheng tse ngata. Mabaka a mantlha ke matšoenyeho a bophelo bo amanang le tikoloho a amanang le metsoako e phahameng e fumanoeng homashala tal. Ha a futhumatsa kopo,tare lokolla mafura a nang le lintho tse ka bang kotsi, ho kenyelletsa le li-carcinogens. Ntle le moo,tar-Ke likhalase tse sebelisoang hodriveways le ho paka makoloiBongata bo ka khathatsa le ho silafatsa mobu o haufi le litsela tsa metsi.
Ka lebaka leo,Bitumen-BaAsphalte fetotsoe haholotarBakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho pata.Asphaltmotsoako o sebelisaBitumenhangata li nkuoa li le matla ho sebetsana le ho hlahisa maemo a kotsi a fokolang nakong ea kopo. Le tsona li tloaetse ho fana ka litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsa le maemo a maholo ho feta tekanoMaemo a leholimo a fapaneng, e ntlafalitsoengHo Tšoara, le ho hanyetsa hamolemo ho tima (mooTlamahanoe arola leAggregate. Ha likopo tse ling tsa niche kapa libaka tse ikhethang li ntse li ka sebelisatarLihlahisoa tse 'maloa, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho tiisa, ha e sa le tloaelo ea nchatselakaho.
Bakeng sa likopo tse hlokang thepa e itseng eamashala tal, e kang khatello ea mocheso o phahameng kapa meaho e ikhethang ea li-carbon, tšebeliso ea eona e ntse e tsoela pele ho li-setulong sa indasteri. Sena se kenyelletsa tlhahisoAsphalt e khethehileng bakeng sa litlatsetso tsa oli, thepa ea marulelong, le ka hare,Malinyane a malealjoalo kaTlamahanoBakeng sa li-elektrode tsa khabone ka liindasteri le liindasteri tsa Aluminium. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa boholo ba merero e pakang (tsela, driveway, Ho paka makoloi,Bitumen-BaAsphaltke ntho e ratoang le e ka sehloohong.
Lichelete tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa sejalemen le Trea li sebelisa joang?
Tse ikhethangLi-commituri tsa lik'hemik'haletsaBitumenmmetarli na le boikarabello ba boitšoaro ba bona bo fapaneng le lits'ebetsong tsa bona.Bilumen, ho ba masala a tsoang hoOli e sephara distillation, e na le limolek'hule tsa hydrocarbon, ho kopanyelletsa le Asphaltenes, libala le oli. Likarolo tsena li fanaBitumentšobotsi ea eonali-viccous, Kholiseho, leha e kenele metsiThepa, e e etsa e ntle haholoTlamahanobakeng saAggregatehoAsphaltka morao. Ea eonaKholisehoho ba limineraleAggregatee matla, 'me thepa ea eona ea thepa e ka fetoloa (e.g., sebelisa polymers) ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e ikhethangBoemo ba leholimos kapa tlasa meroalo e boima ea sephethe-phethe. Leha ho le joalo,Bitumene ka ba kotsing ea ho oxidation le ho tsofala ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, ka mokhoa o matlabrittle.
Mashala tal, e hlahisoang keho khetholla mashala hoa mashala, e ruilemonko o monate oa hydrocarbons, ho kopanyelletsa le li-hydrocans hydrocarbons (pahs). Seketsoana sena sa lik'hemik'hale sea fanatarKhanyetso e matla ho metsi le lik'hemik'hale, e leng ke hore na e ananeloa ka engkoaele lits'ebetso tsa sealant. Leha ho le joalo,tarka kakaretso e na le tse phahamengmocheso oa mochesoho fetaBitumen, ho bolelang hore ho tla fetoha ho fetoha haholo ho fetoha haholo ka khatello ea mocheso - e ka ba bonolo haholo mochesong lebrittleka sefuba. Ho feta moo, boteng ba liphiri bo phahamisa bophelo bo botle le ho fokotsa tikoloho ea tikoloho
TsenaLi-commituri tsa lik'hemik'haleLaketsa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea mantlha.Bilumen's e ntle haholoThepa ea Khoebo, botsitso ba lekanang, le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle le likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle li etsa hore e be e loketseng likarolo tse kholo tse hlokahalang hoKaho ea tsela. Tar'sit e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'halebanyane(e.,Tlolo ea lesapo la mokokotlo oa acSphaltE nkiloe ho PUal TAL PUL PUL) bakeng sa li-electrode, likotlo tse ikhethang, le litlhahiso tse ling tsa bealilant. Thephapang lipakeng tsa li-bitumen le tarKa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale ke mabaka a mantlha ha a fetohe bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e ngata.
Mefuta efe e tloaelehileng ea asphalt e sebelisitsoeng ho ea kahong?
Asphaltha se boholo bo boholo - thepa eohle. E fapanengMefuta ea Asphaltmotsoako o etselitsoe merero e fapaneng hoKaho ea tselale tlhokomelo. Hangata liphapang li kenyelletsa mofuta le sehlopha saBitumensebelisoa, boholo le mofuta oaAggregate, karolo ea karolo ka 'ngoe, le tlatsetso ea mesifa. Ho utloisisa mefuta ena ho thusa ho khetha tse loketseng leMoruotharollo ea morero o fanoeng.
Mona ke tse tloaelehilengMefuta ea Asphalt:
- Hot morekal asphalt (HMA):Ena ke mofuta o sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litseleng tse kholo tsa paving,litsela, ledriveways. AggregatemmeBitumenli futhumatsoa (hangata pakeng tsa300 le 350 celsius) 'me u tsoakane hoAsphaltSemela pele a isoa sebakeng sa marang-rang, a rala le ho kopanngoa ha a ntse a chesa. E fana ka matla,e tšoarelle, leboreleli bokantle. Phapang e teng kahare ho HMA, joalo ka mekhatlo ea metsoako e koahetsoeng ka letsoAsphalt(Sma)
- Motsoako o futhumetseng oasphalt (WMA):E tšoanang le ea hma, empa e hlahisitsoe ebile e sebelisoa ha mocheso o tlase (hangata 20-40 ° C Lost). Sena se fihlella u sebelisa litlatsetso kapa mekhoa e mehatsangViscositytsaBitumen Tlamahano. WMA e fana ka melemo ea tikoloho (ho tsoa hoa mafura
- Cold Remix Asphalt:Mofuta ona o sebelisa aBitumen emulsionkapa cutbackBitumenSeo ha se hlokomele ho futhumatsa bakeng sa kopo. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-potholes tsa pothong, litokiso tsa nakoana, kapa li phutha litsela tse tlase tsa sephethe-phethe kapadriveways. Ka kakaretso ha e fokotsehee tšoarelleho feta Hma empa bonolo le e theko e tlaase ho e sebelisa, haholo-holo bakeng sa mesebetsi e nyane kapa libakeng tse hole.
- Mastic Asphalt:Letsopa le letšo le le leng le se nang kelello le phahamengBitumendikahare. Hangata e tšoloha ho fapana le ho phuthoa ebe e fana ka botleha e kenele metsiing leHo Tšoara. E sebedisoang bakeng sa ho lahla borokho, marulelo, ho phalla, le ho ikhethabokaholimoLikopo.
- Asphalt e fetotsoeng:Sena se kenyelletsa ho eketsa polymers kapa mesifa e meng hoBitumen TlamahanoHo matlafatsa thepa e ikhethileng joaloka eletsa, ho hanyetsa ho thetsa kapa ho hlasimolla, le ts'ebetsong ho feta palo ea mocheso. Lihlahisoa tse kangAsphalt e fetotsoengkapaMocheso o phahameng oa asphaltoela sehlopheng sena, se tsamaisang maemo a ho batla.
Ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng ho latela lintlha tse kang molumo oa sephethephethe,Boemo ba leholimo, Budget, e hlokomehang bophelo ba bophelo bo hlokahalang, le litlhoko tse ikhethang tsatsela.
Hobaneng ha taolo ea boleng bo le bohlokoa haholo ha ba le karohano ea asphalt basphalt le lihlahisoa tsa tar?
Bakeng sa liofisiri tsa tlhahiso e kang matšoao a matšoao a thompson, thepa e thata joalo kaAsphaltBInders (Bitumen) kapa indasteritarlihlahisoa (joalo kaMalinyane a maleal) ha e felle feela ka ho fumana theko e tlase haholo. Taolo ea boleng bo holimo ke patsi hobane ts'ebetso le ho phela nako e telele ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela - hore na ke abokaholimo, aluminium anode, kapa ho sireletsakoae- e itšetlehile ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka thepa ea morethetho. Lisebelisoa tse sa lumellaneng kapa tse tsoang ntle li ka lebisa ho ho tsa pele ho nako, ho sebetsana le likotsi tsa tlhahiso esita le likotsi tsa polokeho.
Ho netefatsa boleng bo sa fetoheng ho qala ka ts'ebetso ea thepa ea thepa ea thepa. Barekisi ba tšepahalang, joalo ka fektheri ea rona Chaena le mehala ea 7, kenya cheke ea boleng bo boima - ho tsoa ho liteko tse fumanehangOli e sepharaLikaroloana tsaBitumen, ho senyehamashala talBakeng sa Pitch) ho lekola liparamente tsa ts'ebetso (distillationMocheso, o kopanya karo-tekano) ebe o leka sehlahisoa sa ho qetela. Li-paramethara tsa bohlokoa bakeng saBitumenKenyelletsa sehlopha sa ho kenella (thata), ntlha e bohloko (ho tsitsa mocheso), ho etsa litšoantšo, le ho senya le ho senya le ho senya le ho senya le ho senya. Bakeng saMalinyane a maleal, lintho tsa bohlokoa, lintlha tse bohloko, boleng bo batang, quinoline e hana (qi), e amang ts'ebetso ea eona joalo kaTlamahanoho electrode.
Bareki ba hloka tiiso hore litaba tseo ba li fumanang li kopana le litlhaloso tse hlokahalangnako tsohle. Sena se kenyelletsa ho kopa litheolelo tse qaqileng tsa lipapatso, li utloisisa tsamaiso ea boleng ba mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa mofani oa thepa (e.. Bakeng sa likopo tse tebileng, bareki ba ka etsa tlhahlobo ea bona e ikemetseng ho sampole pele ba amohela thomello. Ho tsetela ho boleng ba boleng bo botle ho thibela litšenyehelo tse kholo haholo le ho otla mohala o amanang le ho se atlehe lintho tse bonahalang. Ho sebetsa hona ho bohlokoa ha o sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse kangAsphaltmmetar, moo ho tšoaroang ho ka potiloeng ho ka ama tšebetso haholo.
Ntle le boleng ba sehlahisoa, bareki ba machabeng ba kang matšoao a Mark Thompson, conctionAsphaltmmetarLihlahisoa tse tsoang linaheng tse kang China kapa Vietnam, tobana le mathata a amanang le litheolelo le thepa. Ho netefatsa hore ho na le thepa e bohloko le ho qoba ho lieha ho hloka hore u tsepamise tlhokomelo ka hloko likarolo tsena. Barekisi ba hloka ho fana ka litokomane tse nepahetseng le tse netefatsang ho fihlela melao ea ho kenya e le ho khotsofatsa litlhokahalo tsa moreki.
LITLHAKISO:Matšoenyeho a bohlokoa hangata a kenyelletsa:
- Tsamaiso ea boleng:Sethala sa ISO 9001 se fana ka tiiso ea tsamaiso ea taolo ea boleng bo hlophisitsoeng.
- Khokahano ea Tikoloho:Ho latela sehlahisoa le tšebeliso ea eona e amanang le litekanyetso tsa tikoloho (e.g., iso 14001) kapa melaoana ea lintho tse itseng Bareki ba tlameha ho ba ba shebelletseng boloi ba setifikeiti, ntlha e tsebahalang ea bohloko, 'me e lokela ho netefatsa li-certtide ka boiketlo haeba ho khonahala.
- Litlhaloso tsa Lihlahisoa:Setifikeiti sa tlhahlobo (coa) bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng, se tiisa horeAsphalt, Bitumen, kapatarLihlahisoa li kopana le litlhaloso tse lumellanoeng ka theknoloji ea theknoloji, e bohlokoa.
Logistics:Litlafatso tse sebetsang li bohlokoa ho qoba ho lieha ha thepa, tse ka sitisang kemiso ea tlhahiso. Ke ile ka nahana ka maikutlo a:
- Ho paka:Lihlahisoa tse kangMalinyane a malealkapa e tiileBitumene kanna ea romelloa ka mekotleng, meropa, kapa literateng tse tiileng. MetsiBitumene hloka litanka kapa lijana tsa ho futhumatsoa. Pakete e nepahetseng e thibela litšila ebile o etsa bonnete ba ho sebetsana le polokeho.
- Lipehelo tsa thomello (incorms):Ho hlalosa ka ho hlaka boikarabello bakeng sa ho romella, inshorense le tumello ea litloaelo (e.g., fob, cif) e bohlokoa.
- Mehala ea ho tsamaisa le linako:Ho sebetsa ka mehala e tšepahalang ea thomello le ho utloisisa linako tsa lipalangoang tse hlokahalang ho thusa ho rala.
- Phetiso ea malibhong:Ho netefatsa litokomane tsohle tse hlokahalang (invoice ea khoebo, lenane la ho paka, bili ea ho paka, litifikeiti) li fanoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng naheng ea moo u tsamaeang ka potlako.
- Puisano:Puisano e tloaelehileng e tsoang ho morekisi mabapi le boemo ba thomello, ho lieha, le litokomane li bohlokoa. Puisano e sa sebetseng hantle ke pherekano e kholo bakeng sa bareki.
Ho sebetsana le lintlha tsena ka mokhoa o hlakileng - ho bua ka lithupelo tsa mofani oa thepa, 'me ho theha likotsi tsa puisano - ho ka fokotsa likotsi tsa puisano tsa machabeng.tar le asphaltLihlahisoa.
Ho khetha mofani oa hau: lintlha tse ke keng tsa theko bakeng sa asphalt le bitumen
Ha tlholisano ea tlholisano e lula e le ntho e 'ngoe ea maikutlo, liofisiri tse nang le boiphihlelo li utloisisa hore ho khetha morekisi bakeng sa thepa e mahlonoko e kangAsphalt, Bitumen, kapamashala talLihlahisoa li kenyelletsa ho hlahloba feela litšenyehelo ka botlalo. Ho tšepahala, ts'ehetso ea boleng, tšehetso ea mahlale le puisano ka tsela e tšoanang, haeba ho sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebelisano ea nako e telele. Moroallo ho linaha tse tsoelang pele tse tsoileng matsoho tse kang China li ka fana ka melemo ea theko e phahameng, empa e hloka morekisi ea hlokomelisang.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa Tseo U Lokelang ho li nahana ha u khetha mofani:
- Rekoto ea pina e netefalitsoeng le boiphihlelo:Batla li-frestories tse thehiloeng ka lilemo tse fanang ka lihlahisoa tse hlahisang lihlahisoa tse ikhethang tseo u li hlokang (e.g.,Meroho ea moea e bohareng, mocheso o phahameng oa asphalt, Malinyane a maleal. Hangata boiphihlelo bo fetolela ho laola mesebetsi e metle le ho rarolloe ke mathata. RonaSebapali sa boleng bo holimo sa mashala sa mashala le morekisiBoitsebiso bo bua ka sena.
- Ho hlahisa matla le bokhoni:Etsa bonnete ba hore morekisi a na le bokhoni bo lekaneng (joalo ka mehala ea rona ea 7) ho fihlela litlhoko tsa hau tsa thuto e sa fetohe 'me e ka hlahisa limaraka tse ikhethang kapa lihlahisoa tse fetotsoeng tseo u li hlokang.
- Tsamaiso ea Bothata:Netefatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa boleng ba boleng ba boleng ba boleng ba boleng ba boleng bo holimo (Iso 9001). Na ba ikemiselitse ho fana ka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea batch le ho amohela tlhahlobo ea mokha oa boraro?
- Setsebi sa mahlale:Le haeba moreki e se setsebi sa mahlale, morekisi ea lokelang ho ba le basebetsi ba nang le tsebo ba ka buang ka litlhaloso, likopo le mathata a ka bang teng. Ha Marang-rang Thompson o tseba thekiso, ho ba le mofani oa thepa ea mofani oa mange etsa joaloUtloisisa mahlale a mahlale a bohlokoa.
- Puisano le Likamoso:Lekola mokhoa oa bona oa puisano. Na ba potlakela ho hlaka, ea hlakileng ebile baa phela? Puisano e sebetsang e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rarolla mathata le ho laola lisebelisoa hantle, ho sebetsana le ntlha ea bohlokoa ea bohloko.
- Lisebelisoa le litokomane:Lekola boiphihlelo ba bona ba ho romella naha ea heno (USA, Europe, jj.). Na ba ka sebetsana le sephutheloana se hlokahalang, litokisetso tsa ho tsamaisa thepa, 'me li fana ka lingoliloeng tse nepahetseng ka botšepehi?
- Ho Tšepahala:Batla ponaletso le ho ikemisetsa ho aha kamano ea nako e telele. Litšupiso kapa maeto a marang-rang (haeba a khoneha) a ka thusa ho ba le kholiseho. Ho ea IndasteriPontšoke tsela e ntle ea ho kopana le batho ba tsamaeang le barekisi le ho lekola botsebi ba bona.
Ho tsepamisa maikutlo ka theko e tlase haholo ho ka lebisa ho litšenyehelo tse patiloeng tse amanang le boleng bo fosahetseng, ho lieha ho nkuoa thepa kapa li-subdown tsa puisano. Morekisi ea tšepahalang ke molekane ka katleho ea hau.
Tsela e ka pele: ho tsikipana le ho hlakola indastering ea asphalt
Bokamoso baKaho ea tselaleAsphaltIndasteri e tsepame le ho feta menahanong le boikarabello le boikarabello ba tikoloho. Ha a ntse aAsphaltLitsela li se li ntse li tsejoa ka tsonaHo Tšoaraebile e le 'naMoruoRe ile ra ja lijo tsa bophelo, boiteko bo ntse bo tsoela pele le botala.Ho nchafatsae bapala karolo e kholo ho sena.
Peiso ea Asphaltke e 'ngoe ea thepa e hlophisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Pavement ea asphalt asphalt (rap) e ka tlosoa litseleng tsa khale, e sithabetseng le ho kenngoa ho nchafatsa motsoako o mocha o chesangAsphalt. Ho sebelisa rap ho fokotsa tlhoko ea moroetsanaBitumenmmeAggregate, e boloka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le tse fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea matla nakong ea tlhahiso. Liperesente tse phahameng tsa rap li ka sebelisoa ntle le ho seha tšebetso ea ho ikemela, ho etsaAsphaltkhetho e tsitsitseng haholo bakeng saLibaka tsa tsela. Mekhoa e kang ea motsoako o mofuthuAsphalt(WMA) e boetse e kenya letsoho ka ho theola lithemparetjha tsa tlhahiso, ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea mafura le ho fokotseha.
Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso li tsoela pele ho hola li-Binders tsa Bio-Binders kapa lihlahisoa tsa litšila) e le litlokotsebe tse felletseng kapa tse loketseng ho ipapisitse le peteroleBitumen. Ho nchafatsoa ha moralo oa marang-rang ho ikemiselitse ho theha litsela tse tšoarellang ("litsebe tse sa feleng") tse hlokang ho nchafatsa ts'oenyeho le litšenyehelo tsa bophelo ba bophelo. Indasteri e boetse e batla ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso eaAsphaltHo sebelisa mesifa le litlatsetso tse tsoetseng pele le litlatsetso, li lebisa ho lits'ebeletso tse betere ho mamella sephethephethe se matla le ho feteletsengBoemo ba leholimoMaemo, a atolosa Bophelo ba Bona oa Tšebeletso le ho kenya letsoho ho Tšehetsoa ka botlalo. Ha thepa ea moetlo e kangBitumenlula e le matla, driring ho ea ho litharollo tsa botala e fokotsehileAsphaltSebaka sa naha.
Key Dicaways: Asphalt vs Tar vs Birumen
Ho akaretsa lintlha tsa sehlooho:
- Birumen:E ntšo,li-viccous, Kholiseho Tlamahanoe tsoang hodistillationtsaOli e sephara (petroleum. Ke "glue" hoAsphalttsela.
- Tar (mashala tar):E ntšo,Li-viscous metsi a liketsahalohlahisoa keho khetholla mashala hoa mashala. Ho khethoa hangata hoBitumen, ka litaba tse nang le monko o monate le bophelo bo botle ba bophelo bo amanang le bokhabane bo lumellanang le tšebeliso ea eona ho ipata. Ho ntse ho le bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling tsa indasteri (e.g., brances e joaloMalinyane a maleal.
- Asphalt (Tsela):Lintho tse entsoeng ka ho kopanya ka ho kopanyaBitumen(theTlamahano) kaAggregate(majoe, lehlabathe). Motsoako ona o etsa se tšoarellangbokantlebakeng sa litsela,driveways, joalo-joalo
- Phapang ea Bohlokoa:Tšimoloho (petroleumvs.mashala), lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale (alifahatic vs. e monko), likopo tsa mantlha le liprofile tsa tikoloho.
- Pave Kajeno: Bilumen-BaAsphaltke molao oa sejoale-joaleKaho ea tselaKa lebaka la ts'ebetso e ntle le likotsi tse tlase tsa bophelo bo botle tse bapisoang letar. Tarha e sebelisoe hangata bakeng sa ho tlala litsela tse ncha.
- Litaba tsa boleng:Lintho tse nang le boleng bo sa fetoheng, tse tšepahalang, 'me li-logistic tse sebetsang li bohlokoa ha u rekisaAsphaltmaqhubu kapatarlihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha. Ho khetha morekisi ea nepahetseng ho kenyelletsa ho shebahala ka ntle ho theko e ntle.
- Ho Tšelisoa:TheAsphaltindasteri e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo hoho nchafatsa(Rap) le ho holisa makgekhoe a botala ba bitsitsoeng joalo ka wma le bik.
Ho utloisisa khetho ena ho thusa ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng le barekisi ba bakeng sa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa kaho le tsa indasteri le tsa indasteri.
Nako ea poso: 04-11-2025