Kuvharira chokwadi pamusoro pebhokisi tar uye maronda-tar-tar pitch: kuchengetedzwa, kuzivikanwa, uye njabhoritari zvinonzwisisika padenga rako uye kupfuura

Coal tar uye maronda-tar-tar gadziriso zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinowanikwa mune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa, kubva pamapurogiramu ekumadenga kuenda kuAluminium kugadzirwa. Nekudaro, kushanda navo kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvivakwa zvavo, zvingangoita njodzi, uyekuchengetedzwamatanho anodiwa kuchengetedza vashandi. Ichi chinyorwa chinodzikira mune zvinoshorwa zvikamu zveCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch, kutarisaBasa kuchengetedzwa uye hutano, njodzi dzinoenderana neCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(CTPVS), uye nzira dzekwavokuzivikanwauye manejimendi mumaindasitiri ekurongedza, kusanganisira kwavo kushandiswa mukatidengaZvikumbiro uyeLaboratorikuongororwa. Icho chakakosha kuverenga chero munhu saMark Thompson, mukuru wekugadzira muUSA, kana maindasitiri muAluminium anonhuwirira, mapillesi ane masimbi, uyeKuvakavanobata zvinhu izvi. Semunhu allen, muridzi wefekitori muChina ane manomwe ekugadzira mitsara yekutumira kunze kwenyikaYakakwirira mhando yezimbe tar tarch fekitori uye mutengesiPasi rese, ini ndoda kugovana nzwisiso inoshanda yekukubatsira iwe kuve nechokwadiWorkoplace Kuchengetekauye kutevedzera, kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo paunenge uchisvika zvigadzirwa kunge marasha tar uye peturuCoke.

Kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga: Chii chinonzi coal tar uye alar-tar pitch?

Saka, chii chaizvo chatiri kutaura nezvazvo kana tichitauraCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch? Coal tar imhombwe, yakasviba mvura, abyproductyakawanikwa kana marasha akagadzirwa kuti agadzire coke (sezvazvirikugadzirwa kwecke) kana akasimbiswa kugadziraCoal Gritationzvigadzirwa. Funga nezvazvo seyakaomarara musanganiswa wezviuru zvemakemikari emakemikari. Kana izvi mbizitar inoyerera, inoparadzanisa muzvidimbu zvakasiyana, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kubva pane izvidistillationmaitiro ndeye marasha-tar pitch. Iyi pitch ndiyozvakasarakusiiwa mushure mekuvhundutsa marasha. Inogona kubva pane yakapfava, hafu-yemvura zvinhu kune yakaoma, brittle solid, zvichienderana nehukuru hwekuvhara.

The thekuumbwaofCoal Tar kana Coal-Tarzvigadzirwa zvinoshamisa zvakaoma, zvinonyanya kuve zvinosanganisiraAromic hydrocarbons, kusanganisiraPolyclic Anomatic Hydrocarbons(PAH). Zvimwe zvakanangamarasha emoto anosanganisiraizvo zvinoshandurwa kune dzakasiyana zvivakwa kana tembiricha. UchawanaCoal Tar inoshandiswamune yakakura yakawanda yekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chakakosha mukatiZvishandiso padenga(saTenga padenga),pambiroVashandisi, vanodzivirirakuunganidzaZvikumbiro, uye seye binder mukugadzira electrodes yeAluminium kugadzirwauye steelmaking. Zvave zvekare zvekare nhoroondoyaishandiswa kurapa gandamamiriro akaitapsoriasis, kunyangwe kushandiswa uku kwave kunyatsotarisirwa nekuda kwekunetseka kwehutano. Kunzwisisa izvi zvakakoshakuzivikanwandiyo yekutanga nhanho yekubata kwakachengeteka.

Semugadziri, isu tinogadzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai seCoal Tar Pitch Flakesizvo zviri nyore kubata uye kutakura. Iyo chaiyo giredhi regomba-kuve iyo yepakati tembiricha, tembiricha yakanyanya, kana yakashandurwa-inosarudza yakakodzera kukodzera kwechimwe chishandiso. Kune mabhizinesi seMako Thompson's, iyo inopa zvinhu izvi kune maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, achiziva izvo zvinobva uye zvivakwa zvakakosha kune zvese zvakakosha zvevimbiso uyekuchengetedzwa.

Sei kuratidzwa kwebasa kune marasha tarn pitch kusimbisa (CTPVS) kunetsekana kukuru?

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekutanga zvekunetseka mukatiBasamarongero arikuratidzwa kune coal tar tarchinozivikanwa, inowanzozivikanwa seCTPVS. Kana kanzani yemarasha kana muratari-tar-tar inopisa-sezvo kazhinji iri mune zvekushandisa senge padenga, kurovera, kana aluminium kunyudzwa-inoburitsa mafambiro aya mumhepo. CTPVS musanganiswa wakaomarara weyeveri wemhepoBenzene. Izvikusadziviririkazvinogona kuitika kuburikidzainhalation, kuonana kweganda, kana kunyangekumiswaKana yakanaka hutsanana maitiro asina kuteverwa.

Mwero wengozi kubvaCoal Tar Pitch Volilileskazhinji zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvinoverengeka:kusvinurayeCTPVS mumhepo, iyo nguva yekusadziviririka, iyo chaiyoCHEMICAL kuumbwayezvinyorwa, uye matanho ekutonga munzvimbo. Vashandi mumaindasitiri akadarokuwanikwamashandiro,Cokezvidyarwa zve oven, aluminium kunyudzwa, uye nzirapavement vari pakati pevaya vanogona kutarisana nekukwiraBasa kuratidzwa kune coal tar. Kune varidzi vebhizinesi vakaita saMark Thompson, vanonzwisisa njodzi idzi dzakakosha kwete chete kumabasa avo kana vachibata zvinhu asiwo kuti vazivise vatengi vavo pakuchengetedzwa uye hutanoprotocol. Mukana wekurarama kwenguva refu zviitiko zvinoita kuti utambekusadziviririkakuCTPVS kukoshesa kwekutanga kweHutano uye KuchengetekamuKushanda Kwebasa.

Pazvivakwa zvedu, isu tinosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa njodzi idzi. Isu tinotenda kuti ruzivo rwiyo rwekutanga kwekudzivirira. Kudzidzisa timu yedu uye, nekuwedzera, vatengi vedu nezveCtpvsuye kukosha kwekudzorakuratidzwa kune coal tarchikamu chepakati chekuzvipira kwedu kunakuchengetedzwa. Iyi nzira inobatsira yakakosha kuti ichengete hutano hwekuita hutano uye kuona hutariri hwechigadzirwa.

Isu tinoita sei ruzivo rwakakwana uye rabhoritari sampling yemarata tar zvigadzirwa?

ZvakaruramakuzivikanwauyeLaboratorikuongororwa kwakakosha kwekugadzirisa njodzi dzinoenderana neCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch. Izvi zvinotanga nekunzwisisa iyo chaiyo chigadzirwa chauri kubata nayo. Mavara akasiyana uye marudzi emarasha tar pitch achave nemazinga akasiyana ezvikamu zvemukati zvehutsiniki uye zvakasiyana zvemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, zveduEpakati tembiricha asphalt blockichave nehunhu hwakasiyana pane hwakanyanya-tembiricha musiyano. ZvakakodzerakuzivikanwaInosanganisira kuziva kunobva kwainobva, maitiro ekugadzira, uye kuwana mukana wekutsanangurwa kwakadzama uye kuchengetedzwa data mashitsi (sD).

Kana zvasvika pakuongororaBasa kusadziviririka, sampling uye kuongororwamaitiro anoshanda. Izvi zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira kuunganidza mheposampulis kubva kunzvimbo yekufema yevashandi kana kubva kuGeneralKushanda Kwebasanzvimbo dzipiCoal Tar Pitch Volilileszvingave zviripo. Aya samples anobva atumirwa kune anokwanisaLaboratoriyekuongorora. Iyo lab inowanzoongorora iyo chaiyo PAHS kana yeiyo benzen-solux-chidimbu chechinhu chakazara chekisimusi, icho chiyero chakajairika cheCTPVS. Mhedzisiro yeizvisampling uye kuongororwaBatsira Sarudza iyokusvinurayeCTPVS uye enzanisa neBasa kufumurwa miganhu. Iyi data yakakosha kuti uongorore kushanda kwehutongi hwekutonga uye kuona kutevedzana namutemos.

Kuti uwane mukuru wekutakura saMark, anovimbisa kuti vatengesi vanopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwechigadzirwa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kutsigira data rekuongorora kiyi. Iyo inobatsira kuratidza hunhu uye mukupa vatengi vake neruzivo rwunodiwa rwevavokuchengetedzwakuongororwa. Pazvinhu zvedu, isu tinobata zvine simba zvemhando yepamusoro kudzora, izvo zvinosanganisiraLaboratoriKuedza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosangana zvakatemwa uye kupa pachena kune vatengi vedu nezvezvinhu zvavari kugamuchira.

Kufamba-famba iyo yekuzvidzivirira nzvimbo: Chii chinonzi OSHA uye NIOsh nhungamiro yemarata tar kuratidza?

Kunzwisisa uye kuomerera kune mitemo iri paramount kana ichibata nezvinhu zvakaitaCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch. MuUnited States, kuchengetedza kwebasa uye hutano hutongi (OSHA) ndiyo yekutangaagencyzvine chekuita nekugadzika uye kusimbisa kubasakuchengetedzwa uye hutanozviyero.OSha'sMitemo inovavariramuganhomushandikusadziviririkakune zvinhu zvine ngozi, kusanganisiraCoal Tar Pitch Volililes. Kunyanya, OSHA ane yakagadzwa mvumo yekubvumidzwa kuganhurirwa Iyi pel ine zviri pamutemo, uye vashandirwi vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mushandikusadziviririkahaapfuure izvimuganho.

Iyo National Institute yekuchengetedza basa uye hutano (Nihs), chikamu chenzvimbo dzekutonga chirwere uye kudzivirira (CDC), rinotora chikamu chakasiyana asi chakakosha zvakafanana.Nihsinoitisa kutsvagisa uye inoita kuti kurudziro yekudzivirira kwekukuvara kwakanangana nebasa uye kurwara. NepoNihss yakakurudzirwa kufumurwa miganhu (rels) haina kusunga zviri pamutemo sengeOSHAZvitendero, ivo vanowanzo kuve vakanyanyisa uye vanobva pane zvazvino zvazvino zvesainzi nzwisiso yehutano njodzi. Makambani mazhinji anosarudza kuteveraNihsnhungamiro semuitiro wakanaka kwazvo wekudziviriramushandihutano. Zvose zviri zviviriOSHAuyeNihsipa zvakawanda zviwanikwakuratidzwa kwebasa kune coal tar, Hazard kutaurirana, uye zviyero zvekudzora. The themutemokutenderera zvinhu izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vashandi, uye zvakakosha kune chero munhu kubataCoal Tar kana Coal-TarZvigadzirwa kuti zvizive uye zvinoenderana neaya zviyero. Izvi zvinokanganisaWorkoplace Kuchengeteka.

Zvemakambani seMako, izvo zvinobva zvinobva kune dzimwe nyika kubva kuChina, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa, pakusvika uye kushandiswa muUSA, zvinogona kubatwa mukuteerera izvikufumurwa miganhu. Izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekutaurirana zvakajeka nevatengesi nezve zvigadzirwa zvakatemwa uye zvinogona kuitika zvisiri izvo zvemukati. Isu, semutengesi, tinzwisise izvi uye tinoedza kupa zvese zvinodiwa ruzivo kubatsira vatengi vedu vanosangana nezvinodiwa zvekumanikidza.

Ndedzipi chaiyo yehutano hutano vashandi vanosangana nevashandi vanosangana naBenzene uye mamwe CTPVS?

Njodzi dzehutano dzakabatana nekuratidzwa kune coal taruye kuderera kwayo, kunyanya ctpvs kungeBenzeneuye zvimwePAHS(Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons kana Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), inonyanya kukosha nemushandi kuchengetedzwa uye hutano. Pfupi-termkusadziviririkainogona kukonzera kutsamwisa paganda, maziso, uye turakiti rekufema. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kutsvuka, zvichitora, zvinonzwa kupisa, uye kusagadzikana kwekufema. Vamwe vanhu vanogonawo kusangana nefoni, zvinoreva kuti ganda ravo ranyatsoita kuti zuva risati ramboitikakusadziviririka.

Nguva refu kana kudzokororwaBasa kusadziviririkainotakura njodzi dzakaomarara.Coal Tar Pitch Volililesvanoverengerwa seanozivikanwa carcinogens. Kwenguva refuinhalationkana ganda kusangana neCTPVS, kusanganisiraBenzene. Izvi zvinosanganisiraGanda reganda(kunyanya non-melanoma ganda reganda),Lung Cancer, bladdercancer, uyeitsvocancer. The theNational Textology ChirongwaSChirevo pane CarcinogensRondedzeroCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitchsezvinozivikanwa kuva zvevanhu carcinogens. Kupfuura cancer, chisingaperikusadziviririkaInogona zvakare kutungamira kune mamwe matambudziko eganda, senge tar warts kana folliculitis, uye inogona kukuvadza mamwe nhengo. Nepo mamwe marasha ekutorera marasha ariyaishandiswa kurapa gandamamiriro akaitapsoriasisPasi pekurapa kutariswa, kusingadzorekiBasa kusadziviririkayakasiyana kwazvo uye inoisa kukosha kwehutano.

Kunzwisisa idzi dzidziso yehutano, kubva kune dzimwe nguva kushatirisa kumamiriro akakomba sekenza, yakakosha. Inosimbisa chikonzero nei kuomerera kunekufumurwa miganhu.mushandi kufumurwa nemarashatar zvigadzirwa.

Kuitisa kuongororwa kwakazara njodzi: Matanho ekusvibisa maindasitiri?

Njodzi yakakwanakuongororandiyo korona yekutarisiraBasaNjodzi dzakabatana neCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitchmune cheroIndustrialkurongeka. Chinangwa ndechekuziva zvingangoitikakusadziviririkakutiCoal Tar Pitch Volililes, ongorora njodzi, uye kuita zviyero zvinoshanda zvinobudirira kuti udzivisekusvibiswauye chengetedzamushandihutano. Kuita uku kwakakosha kuti urambe zvakanakamhando yemhepomuKushanda Kwebasa.

Heano maitiro akajairika ekuitisa njodzikuongorora:

1. Ziva Njodzi:Sarudza kupi uye sei vashandi vangavekuvhenekwa kuLarn tarzvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabasa sekupisa, kudurura, kupuruzira, kana kucheka zvinhu zvine maronda tarch. Funga nezve zvese zvinogona kuitika nzira dzekusadziviririka: inhalationyeCTPVS, ganda kusangana neiyochinhu, uye netsaonakumiswa.
2. Ziva kuti ndiani angave akakuvadzwa uye sei:Nyora vashandi kana mapoka evashandi vari panjodzi uye vanorondedzera zvinokonzerwa nehutano, sekukurukurwa kwekutanga.
3. Ongorora njodzi uye sarudza pane zvekuchenjera:
   • Kuyera kana kufungidzira huwandu hwekusadziviririka. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisiramhando yemhepoKuongorora CTPVkusvinura.
   • Enzanisa aya mazinga kutiBasa kufumurwa miganhu(i.e.,OSHAPels,NihsRels).
   • Kutungamira njodzi uye uone kana zviripo kudzora zvakaringana kana kana zvimwe zvichida kuitwa.
4. Shandisa Kudzora Matanho:Tevedza iyo Hierarchy yeKutonga:
   • Elimination / Substitution:Kana zvichikwanisika, dzosera marango tar zvigadzirwa nezvimwe nzira dzakachengeteka. (Izvi kazhinji hazvigoneke nekuda kwekuita zvinodiwa pakuita).
   • Injiniya inodzora:Shandisa mhepo yekuvhuvhuta
   • Kutonga kutonga:Chinja maitiro ebasa, sekudzikisirakusadziviririkaNguva, kupa kudzidziswa, uye kuona maitiro akanaka ehutsanana.
   • Zvivakwa zvekudzivirira pachako (PPP):Ipa uye simbisa kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwevanofema, magurovhosi, uye zvipfeko zvekudzivirira senge yekupedzisira yekudzivirira.
5. Rekodha yakawanikwa uye itai navo:Nyora njodzikuongorora, kutonga kunoitwa, uye chero kudzidziswa kwakapihwa.
6. Ongorora uye uwedzere:Gara uchiongorora njodzikuongorora.

Kune muridzi wekambani saMark Thompson, kunzwisisa izvikuongororaMaitiro akakosha, kunyangwe asingaitwe zvakananga. Zvinomubatsira kukoshesa kukosha kwekuchengetedzwaruzivo rwaanowana kubva kune vanopa uye vanodzokorora kune vatengi vake. Kudzivirirakusvibiswauye kuva nechokwadi chekuchengetedzaKushanda Kwebasamutoro wakagoverwa.

Pamusoro pemitemo: matanho anoshanda ekuchengetedza ekuchengetedza emarasha ekubata?

Ndichiri kuomereraOSHAuyeNihsNhungamiro dzakakosha, dzinoitamushandi kuchengetedzwamatanho enda nhanho yekuenderera mberi kugadzira yakachengeteka zvechokwadiKushanda KwebasaNzvimbo Kana KubataCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusimudzira yakasimbakuchengetedzwatsika ipo pesemushandiinobatanidzwa uye inopihwa simba. Izvo zvinopfuura kungosangana chete zvishomamutemo; ndezvekuvavarira zvakakwirira zveHutano uye Kuchengeteka.

Matanho anokosha anobatsira anosanganisira:

• Kudzidziswa kwakazara:Vashandi vanofanirwa kugamuchira kunyatsodzidziswa kwete pane zvikafu zveCoal Tar Pitch Volililesuye zvimwemakemikari emakemikariParizvino, asiwo pane maitiro akachengeteka ebasa, kushandiswa kweiyo ppe (sevanodonha uye magurovhosi ezeve, uye maitiro ekutengesa (eg., kugeza maoko usati wadya, kwete kuputa munzvimbo dzebasa). Kudzidziswa uku kunofanirwa kuenderera uye kuzorodzwa nguva dzose.
• Kuongorora kwehutano uye kuongorora:Kuita chirongwa chehutano chekuongorora chinogona kubatsira kutangakuzivikanwachero chero zvinhu zvehutano zvine chekuita nazvokusadziviririka. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira ganda reganda revashandi nevashandi vane ganda rakakoshakusadziviririkauye zvekurapakuongororasezvakakurudzirwa naBasaHutano hwehutano.
• Kusimbisa kweInjiniya Contrours:Kutungamira kwekutungamira kweinjiniya kudzora (sekushayikwa kwemhepo yekudzivirira kuti uvandudzemhando yemhepo) Pamusoro pekuvimba nePPE idanho rakareba rakawanda rakareba. Semuridzi wefekitori, ndinotenda kuyamwa mune yakanaka engineering iri kuisa mari muvanhu vedu.
• Kutaurirana pachena:Kurudzira vashandi kuti vataure chero kunetsekana nezvekuchengetedzwa, zvinogonakusadziviririka, kana zviratidzo pasina kutya kutsiva. Iyo mhinduro yekudyira inobatsira mukuenderera mberi nekuvandudzaWorkoplace Kuchengetekamaitiro.
• Kugara zvakanaka imba:Kuchengeta yakachena uye yakarongekaKushanda Kwebasainogona kuderedza zvakanyanya sekondarikusadziviririkaNzira. Spiri dzinofanira kucheneswa nekukurumidza uye nenzira kwayo.

Aya matanho anobatsira anopa zvakanyanya kune zvesekuchengetedzwa uye hutano. Kune mumwe munhu akaita saMark, uyo anobata nevatengesi vakasiyana-siyana nevatengi, kunzwisisa kuti mutengesi (sesu, kambani yaAllen) inotungamira yakadaro proctivekuchengetedzwainogona kuva chiratidzo chakasimba chekuvimbika uye chetsika kushanda. Zvinoratidza kuzvipira uko kunopfuura nekukanyatsotevedzera, chinangwa cheakanakisa mukatiBasahutano.

Basa rinonetsa rekutarisa kwemweya wekutarisa mukugadzirisa nzvimbo yekushandisa basa?

Mhando yemhepoKuongorora chishandiso chakakosha chekugadzirisaKushanda Kwebasa kusadziviririkakutiCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(CTPVS). Iwe haugone kunyatso kudzora zvausingayere. Kuongorora kunobatsira kujekesakusvinurayemhepo inosvibiswa nemhepo, ichivimba kuti mazinga arambe ari pazasi akagadzwaBasa kufumurwa miganhuuye izvo zviyero zvekudzora zviri kushanda sezvakarongwa. Ichi chikamu chakakosha chekunamatira kuneMhepo inosvibisa mwero weiyo general indasitiri.

Maitiro acho kazhinji anosanganisira:

• Kutanga Kuongorora:Kana ma Coal Tar zvigadzirwa zvakatanga kuiswa kana kana process shanduko, yekutangakuongororaofmhando yemhepoinobatsira kumisa bhasikorokusadziviririkambiri.
• Kuongorora Kwemunhu:Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa chishandiso chekusarudza munzvimbo yekufema yemushandikuyera munhu wavokusadziviririkakuna azvinosvibisakunge ctpvs mukati merako rekuchinja basa. Izvi zvinopa iyo chaiyo chaiyo data yekuongorora njodzi yemunhu.
• Nzvimbo yekutarisa: Sampulis inounganidzwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakatemwa muKushanda Kwebasakuongorora GeneralkusvinuraofCoal Tar Pitch Volililesmunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuziva "zvinopisa zvinongedzo" kana kuti nzvimbo dzinogona kudzora majini dzinogona kuda kuvandudzwa.
• Kugara / nguva nenguva yekutarisa:Zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa pakutanga, chimiro chebasa, uye zvinodzora zvinodiwa, nguva nenguvamhando yemhepoKuongorora kunowanzo kuve kwakakodzera kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzera kutevedzera uye kuramba uchishanda zvekutonga. Kana maitiro achinja kana kana paine chikonzero chekufungidzira kuwedzera mukatikusadziviririka, kutarisa kunofanirwa kudzokororwa.

Iyo data yakaunganidzwa kubvasampling uye kuongororwayeaya ma samples ari akakosha. Iyo information sarudzo nezve kukosha kwekuwedzera kweinjiniya ekudzora, shanduko mumabasa ebasa, kana rudzi rwechidziviriro yekufema inodiwa. Yemakambani anobata zvinhu senge zveduTembiricha yakakwira asphalt, uchiziva kuti zvine simbamhando yemhepoManagement iri munzvimbo yemushandisi mugumo inovimbisa chigadzirwa chiri kushandiswa zvakachengeteka. Ruzivo urwu rwakakoshawo kuratidza kutevedzeraOSha'szviyero, sengeZvinosvibisa Standard yeGenesheni Indasitiri.

Chii chinonzi nasiesh chimiro uye mupiro kumarambisi tar yekuchengetedza zviyero?

Iyo National Institute yekuchengetedza basa uye hutano (Nihs) anotamba yakakosha, yekutarisa-yakatarisana nenzvimbo yedenga reCoal Tar YakachengetekauyeBasahutano. NepoOSHAInomira uye inosimbisa zviri pamutemo zviyero,NihsZviito sekutsvagisa kwakakoshaagency, Kupa nheyo dzesainzi kune dzakawanda dzemitemo iyoyo uye nekupa mazano kudzivirira kurwara kwakabatana uye kukuvara. The theInstitutechikamu chakakosha cheU.S. Dhipatimendi rehutano uye mabasa evanhu.

Nihsmipiro ine chekuitaCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar PitchSanganisira:

• Tsvagiridzo: Nihsmaitiro uye mari yekutsvaga mune hutano mhedzisiro yekuratidzwa kune coal tar tarchkushamisika uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine ngozi. Tsvagurudzo iyi inobatsira kuti unzwisise hukama-kupindura hukama, kuratidza njodzimushandihuwandu, uye ongorora carcinogenicity ye akasiyana-siyanamakemikari emakemikari.
• Yakakurudzirwa Kufumurwa Miganhu (Rels):Sezvambotaurwa,Nihsinokura inodzora, inowanzo kudzivirira kupfuuraOSHAZvitendero. Aya mazano anovakirwa pakuongorora kwakazara kwesainzi data uye chinangwa chekuchengetedza vashandi kune chikuru kwazvo chinogoneka. For ctpvs,Nihsser rel kazhinji yakaderera paneOSHAPela, achiratidza nzira yekuchenjera kune ino carcinogen inozivikanwa.
• Zvinyorwa Zvekutungamira uye zvinyorwa:The theNational Instituteinoburitsa hupfumi hweruzivo, kusanganisira magwaro ezvekuita, zvazvino mangwaru emhando, uye mhinduro dzekushanda, dzinopa nhungamiro inoshanda pane njodzikuzivikanwa, njodzikuongorora, kudzora matanho, uyesampling uye kuongororwanzira dzeCoal Tar Pitch Volililes.
• Hutano Hazard Kuongorora (HENS): Nihsanogona kuitisa hes pabasa pakukumbira kubva kune vashandirwi kana vashandi kuti vaongorore vangangoita hutano hwehutano, kusanganisira izvo zvinobvakuratidzwa kune coal tar.

Kune mabhizinesi seMako Thompson's, achiziva nezveNihsKurudziro dzinogona kubatsira. Kunyangwe kana zvisingadiwe zviri pamutemo, kureraNihsNhungamiro dzinogona kumiririra tsika yakanakisa mukatikuchengetedzwa uye hutano.Nihsbasa rinobatsiradzora(mune yakanakira pfungwa) uye nekuvandudzaWorkoplace Kuchengetekazviyero zvichiramba zvichidaro.

Zviitiko zvakanaka zveSampling uye kuongororwa: Kuverengera Yakaringana CTPVS Kuyerwa MuBabhoritari Yako?

Kuyerwa kwakakwana kweCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(CTPVS) kuburikidza neyakakodzerasampling uye kuongororwaMaitiro akakosha ekuongororamushandi kusadziviririkauye ichiratidza kushanda kwehutongi hwekutonga. Kunyangwe iwe uri kuitisa iyi mu-imba kana kushandisa kunze kwekunzeLaboratori, kuomerera kune zvakanakisa maitiro anovimbisa kuvimbika kwe data rako. Izvi zvinopfuura kungova nehunyanzvi hwekurovedza muviri; ibwe rekonakuchengetedzwaChirongwa.

Heano mamwe maitiro akanakisa esampling uye kuongororwaof ctpvs:

1. Shandisa nzira dzakasimbiswa:Shandisa nzira dzakagadzirirwa uye dzakasimbiswa sampling, dzakadai seiya yakagadzirwa naNihskanaOSHA. For ctpvs, izvi zvinowanzosanganisira kuunganidza chikamu chezvinhu pane chisifa uye wozoongorora iyo yeBenzene chidimbu kana chakananganaPAHS.
2. Zvishandiso Zvakakodzera Calibration:Ita shuwa zvese zvishandiso (pumps, maruva) anonyatso calibrated pamberi uye mushure meumwe neumwesampulikuunganidza. Isingaenzaniswi inoyerera mitengo inogona kutungamira kune zvakakosha zvikanganiso mumhepo yakaverengerwa mhepokusvinuras.
3. Mumiriri Sampling:The thesampuliinofanira kunyatsomiririramushandi'chaikokusadziviririkakana mamiriro ari munzvimbo yakatarwa. Izvi zvinoreva kufunga nezve nguva yekuenzanisira, iyo nzvimbo yemuenzaniso (i.e., munzvimbo yemushandi yekufema yemasampuli), uye mamwe mabasa ari kuitwa.
4. Samples dzisina chinhu:Sanganisira munda wemunda uye media mavara ane batch yega yega yemasampudhi akatumirwa kuneLaboratori. Zvipinda zveMunda zvinobatwa semasampuli chaiwo asi haana mhepo yakadhonzwa kuburikidza navo, ichibatsira kuziva cherokusvibiswapanguva yekubata kana kutumira. Midhiya mapepa emagetsi asina ruzivo.
5. Chain of Custody:Chengetedza tambo yakakodzera yesitari yeese samples kubva kuunganidzwa kuneLaboratorikuongororwa. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinoteedzera kubata kwesampuliuye simbisa kutendeka kwayo.
6. Yakatumirwa Laboratory:Shandisa ActreditedLaboratoriyekuongorora, kunyanya imwe ine ruzivo mukuongorora ctpvs kanaAromic hydrocarbons. Kugoverwa (i.e., neAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association - Aiha) Inoratidza kuti iyoLaboratoriinosangana nemhando yepamusoro zviyero.
7. Dudziro yeMhinduro:Mhedzisiro dzinofanirwa kududzirwa neyeunivhesiti yekunyepedzera yekunyepedzera kanakuchengetedzwanyanzvi inonyatsonzwisisa nzira dzaishandiswa, izvo zvinogumira zve data, uye zvakakodzeraBasa kufumurwa miganhu.

Nekutevera maitiro aya akanakisa, makambani anogona kuve nekuvimba kukuru kwavokusadziviririka kuongororadata. Izvi zvinobvumidza kune mamwe madzishe ane ruzivo nezve nzira dzekutonga uye dzinobatsira kuve nehutanoKushanda Kwebasa. Kune vatariri vekugadzira semako, vanonzwisisa kuti vashandisi vavo vekupedzisira vanogona kunge vachiita zvakadzamasampling uye kuongororwainoratidza kukosha kweiyo isingadzivisike chigadzirwa hunhu uye ruzivo rwunojeka kubva kune vanotengesa sesu.

Kubva pane fekitori yedu kune yako: Kufunga zvemhando uye kuchengetedzwa mumugodhi tar zvigadzirwa

Semuridzi wemuridzi, muridzi wefekitori muChina nyanzvi inyanzvi mukatiCoal Tar zvigadzirwa uye peturu coke, kuzvipira kwangu kunowedzera kupfuura kungogadzira. Isu tinonzwisisa izvo zvigadzirwa zvakaitaCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitch, anthracenemafuta, uye akasiyana siyana eCokevanozvishingisa mairi maindasitiri kubvaAluminium kugadzirwakutiKuvaka mugwagwa. Isu tinoziva zvakare kukosha kukuru kwekuchengetedzwa uye hutanoyakabatana nezvinhu izvi, kunyanya maereranoCoal Tar Pitch VolililesuyeBasa kusadziviririka.

Mitsara yedu minomwe yekugadzira inojekeswa yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti string mhando kutonga pane imwe neimwe nhanho, kubva pakutsvaira zvakaburitswa zvigadzirwa kune chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, ingave iriBhora pitchkana nyanzvi asphalt. Isu tinopa mamakisi akasiyana-tembiricha uye akagadziridzwa zvigadzirwa kusangana zvakasiyanaIndustrialzvinodiwa. Kuteerana nemitemo yepasi rese haisi bhokisi rekutarisa kwatiri; Icho chikamu chakakosha cheuzivi hwedu hwekushanda. Isu tinoziva kuti vatengi seMark Thompson havasi kungotsvaga mitengo yemakwikwi; ivo vane hunhu hwakanaka-hunyoro uye kunetseka nezve certification (senge iso zviyero uye kutevedzera zvakatipoteredza), zvinhu, uye zvakavimbikanzira dzekubhadhara.

Isu tinoedza kugadzirisa pfungwa dzakajairika dzekurwadziwa, dzakadai sekukurukurirana zvisina kufanira uye kunetseka nezve chitupa chokwadi, nekutsiva kujeka uye kupa zvinyorwa zvakazara. Isu tichiri, sevanogadzira, tarisa pane zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uyekuchengetedzwaruzivo (kunge sds), isu zvakare tinotsigira vatengi vedu nekupa data rakajeka iro rinovabatsira kubatakusadziviririkauye kutevedzera mitemo yavo yemuno, sengeOSha'szvinodiwa muUSA. Isu tinotenda kuti mutengi ane ruzivo akachena mutengi akachengeteka, uye mutengi akachengeteka inguva yakareba. Ruzivo rwedu mukutengesa kuUSA, North America, Europe, uye Australia yakatidzidzisa kukosha kwenzira iyi yetsoka kunakuchengetedzwa, mhando, uye yevatengi basa. Isu tinovavarira kuve vanopfuura kungova mutengesi; Isu tinovavarira kuve muvengi akavimbika mukubudirira kwako, anoona kutiCoal Tar uye Coal-Tar PitchZvigadzirwa zvaunogamuchira zvinopa zvinobudirira uye zvakachengeteka kune mashandiro ako.

Key Dealoways kuyeuka:

• Kunzwisisa Kiyi: Coal Tar uye Coal-Tar Pitchzvinhu zvakaoma zvinobva pamarasha, neCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(CTPVS) Kuve wekutangaBasakunetseka kwehutano nekuda kwekusadziviririkanjodzi.
• Njodzi dzehutano ndedzechokwadi: KusadziviririkakuCTPVS, kusanganisiraBenzeneuye zvimwe zvepa, zvinogona kutungamira mukutsamwiswa, photosstensitivity, uye zvakakomba-kwenguva refu-zviitiko zvakaringanaGanda reganda, Lung Cancer, uyebladdercancer.
• Mitemo yenyaya: OSHAinoisa inosimbisa mvumo yekubvumirwa kuratidzwa miganhu (Pels), nepoNihsinopa research-backed yakakurudzirwa yekufumurwa miganhu (Rels) uye nhungamiro yemushandi kuchengetedzwa. Kutevedzera kwakakosha.
• Kuongorora njodzi kwakakosha:Njodzi Yakarongekakuongororainobatsira kuziva njodzi, ongorora njodzi dzekusvibiswa, uye kuita zviyero zvinobudirira zvinobudirira, kubva kuinjiniya ekudzora kuti ppe, kuvandudzamhando yemhepo.
• Kuongorora uye kuongorora:Nguva dzosemhando yemhepokuongorora uye kwakaruramaLaboratori sampling uye kuongororwaof ctpvkusvinuraZvakakosha Kuti Udzorekusadziviririkauye kuve nechokwadi chekurarama kunobudirira.
• Tsika yekuchengetedza yekuchengetedza:Enda kupfuura kungoita kuti uteedzere. Kusimbisa yakasimbakuchengetedzwatsika kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwakazara, hutano hwehutano, uye kutaurirana pachena kuchengetedza kwese kwesemushandi.
• Supporter Transpency:Vakuru vevatengesi vanofanirwa kupa yakajeka chigadzirwa ruzivo ruzivo, kuchengetedza data mashitsi (sD), uye vatengi vanotsigira mukunzwisisakuchengetedzwa uye hutanozvikamu zvechinhu.