Kunzwisisa Coal Tar Pitch Volates Kufumurwa muAluminium Industry: Nhungamiro Yakakwana

Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPVS)inyaya yakaoma, kunyanya nezvekuratidzwa kwebasamumaindasitiri akadaiAluminiumkunhuwa. Kana iwe uchibatanidzwa mukuroverwa, saMark Thompson kubva kuUSA, kana basa mukati memacersi untolizing zvigadzirwa zvegarire, kunzwisisa zvinogona kuitikanjodziuye maitiro ekutarisisa. Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisira kuora CTPVS, kurukurai zvavakaita, uye kuongorora kuti kubata kwakanaka sei uye kufanana nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvatinoburitsa fekitori dzedu, dzinogona kubatsira munzvimbo dzevashandi vebasa. Isu tinonamira mune chiiNihsUye mimwe miviri ichiti, uye nei ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakushanda kwako uye kugara zvakanaka kwebasa rako rekushanda. Kune chero munhu anokoka zvinhuCtpvsinogona kunge iri kunetseka, kana kune avo vanongoshuvira kunzwisisa izvichinhuZvirinani, gwara iri richapa ruzivo rwakakosha.

Chii chaizvo chiri marasha tarn pitch volatiles (CTPVS)?

Unogona kunge uchinetseka, chii izviCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(CTPVS) Tinonzwa nezve? Ingoisa,CtpvsImo musanganiswa wakaoma weguruva, vapfors, uye magasi anoburitswa kana maronda tar kana marasha tarch inotyisa. Izvikupisa kwemarashachiitiko chakajairika mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri ekushandisa. Coal tar pachayo ndeyekobvu, dema mvura, chigadzirwa chedistillationyemarasha ekugadziraCokekana gasi remarara. Kana iyi kanzuru yemarasha ichigadziriswa, semuenzaniso, kugadzira gomba, idzi hukama hunogadzirwa. Kuumbwa kweCtpvsinogona kusiyana, asi ivo vanozivikanwa chaizvo kuve nehuwandu hwePolyclic Anomatic Hydrocarbons(PAH).

IzviPAHSiboka reanopfuura zana rakasiyanaCHEMICALmakomputa, mazhinji eiwo anofarirahutano hwezvakatipoteredza. Zvimwe zvakanangaPAHSkazhinji inowanikwa mukatiCtpvsSanganisira mazita ajaira kune avo vari muindasitiri, zvakaita sepyrene, anthracene, uyepenanthrene. Zvakakosha kuti unzwisise izvozvoCoal Tar inoshandiswaMune zvikamu zvakawanda, uye kusunungurwa kweizvikushamiswachikamu chemukati chezviitiko zvinosanganisira kurapwa kwaro. Sefekitori ichinyatsoziva mukatiYakakwirira mhando yezimbe tar tarch fekitori uye mutengesi, isu tiri kunyatsoziva nezve chimiro chezvinhu izvi uye kukosha kwekunzwisisa hunhu hwavo. Kunyanya kunetseka neCtpvsanomuka kubva pane zvinogona kuitikakuratidzwa kwebasauye hutano hwakabatananjodzi.

Nei kuratidzwa kwebasa kuCTPVS kunetsekana kwakakosha?

Chikonzero chikurukuratidzwa kwebasakutiCtpvsIko kunetseka kukuru kuri nekuda kwavocarcinogeniczvivakwa. Vazhinji vePAHSmukatiCoal Tar Pitch Volililesvanozivikanwa seanozivikanwa kana kufungidzirwa munhucarcinogens. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwenguva refu kana yakakwirira-chikamukusadziviririkainogona kuwedzera njodzi yekukudziridza mamwe marudzi ecancer. Iyo International Agency Yekutsvagisa PaCancer (IARC), Chikamu cheWorld Health Organ Organ Organ Sangano, Wakafunda Tarst Tarst se Carcinogenic kuvanhu (Boka 1). Iyi haisi nyaya yekutorwa zvishoma, uye inosimbisa kudiwa kwekutonga kwakadzora mumabhuku aunoitakuratidzwa kune coal tar tarchzvinogoneka.

Kupfuura njodzi yecancer, kusadziviririkakutiCtpvsinogona kutungamira kune mamwe mimweHutano mhedzisiro inokonzerwamune zvese zviri zviviriacute uye chisingaperimamiriro. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushatirisa kweganda uye photoensitization (kugadzira ganda rinonzwisa tsitsi kwezuva), pamwe nematambudziko ekufanofema. Vashandikufumurwa nemarashaTar zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuona zviratidzo sekukosora, chologing, kana bronchitis. Saka, kunzwisisa uye kubatanjodzizvakabatana neCtpvshachisi chinhu chete chekudzora chinodikanwa asi chakakosha mutsika yekudzivirira mushandiHutano uye Kuchengeteka. Chinangwa chinogara kuderedzakusadziviririkakune yakaderera inokanganisa mwero.

Ndeipi maindasitiri, kunyanya aluminium kugadzirwa, chiso cheCTPV kuratidzira njodzi?

Maindasitiri akati wandei anosanganisira maitiro anogona kutungamirakuratidzwa kwebasakutiCoal Tar Pitch Volililes. Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha ndeyekutangaAluminium kugadzirwa. MukatiAluminium kunyudzwa.kabhoniAnods. Tembiricha dzakakwirira dzakabatanidzwa mune idzi maitiro anotungamira kulatlilization yePAHS. Izvi zvinogadziraAluminiumKugadzira nzvimbo yakakosha yekutarisa kweCTPV manejimendi.

Mamwe maindasitiri ane mukanaCTPVS kuratidzwaNjodzi Dzinosanganisira:

• Coke ovenMashandiro: Vashandi pacoke ovenZvirimwa zviri pakati pehuwandu hwakanyanya hwekudzidzaCTPVS kuratidzwauye hutano hwayo mhedzisiro.
• Coal tar tar distilation zvidyarwa: Iko kune kora tar inogadziriswa mugomba,Creosote, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
• Roofing: Iko kushandiswa kwemarasha tar-based zvigadzirwa zvefuratidengaWaterProofing anogona kusununguraCtpvs, kunyanya kana apisa.
• Kuisa: Vamwe vakwegurwaasphaltZvikumbiro, kunyangwe zvisinganyanye kuitika ikozvino, ungabatanidzwazve coal tar.
• Graphite Electrode Kugadzira: Pitch inoshandiswa seyekushandiswa pano zvakare.
• Foundries: Coal tar pitch dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa mune zvekuramba zvinhu kana mold kushambidza.

Mune ruzivo rwangu semutengesi wezvigadzirwa zvakaitaTembiricha yakakwira asphalt, Ndakaona kuti kusiana kwakasiyana-siyana sei zvinoshandiswa nezvigadzirwa izvi, uye inosimbisa kukosha kwekuziva kuwanda kwezvikamu zvakawanda.

CTPV kuratidzwa kunowanzoitika sei muindasitiri yealuminium?

MuAluminium kugadzirwamaitiro, kunyanya mukunyepedzera, marasha tar pitch chinhu chakaoma chinhu. Inoita seye binder ye peturuCokekuumba kabhoni adaodes, ayo anodyiwa panguva yekudzikiswa kweElectrolyAluminium. Iyo huruNziraofkusadziviririkakutiCtpvsKune vashandi mune izviindasitiriKuburikidza nekufemerwa kwemakungwa, guruva, uye vapakungwa zvinogadzirwa kana aya maAdodhi akabikwa kana panguva yekuchemera pachavo. Tembiricha yakakwirira inokonzeresa iyo gomba rekusarudza, kusunungura musanganiswa wakaoma wePAHSuye imwe yakaomeswa organic compenter munzvimbo yemigaro yemusangano.

Funga nezvenzvimbo munzvimbo ye potom yeAluminium kunyudzwanzvimbo. Kunopisa, uye pane zviri kuitika electrochemical electrochemical. Apa ndipo panogona kupfuura kugona kwepamusoroCTPVS kuratidzwakazhinji kunyepa. Mabasa akadai seanoda kurongedza, achibata manyoreswa simbi, uye zviitiko zvekugadzirisa zvakakomberedza mapoto zvinogona kupa zveseAirborne kusadziviririka. Nepo ganda rekutaurirana nemakwenzi-akasvibiswa nzvimbo zvakare zvakare inokwanisikaNziraofkusadziviririka, inhalation yeCtpvsinowanzoonekwa seyakanyanya kukoshanjodziKupa systemicHutano mhedzisiro inokonzerwakubva pane aya makomendi.

Ndedzipi miganhu yakasimbiswa yemarongo emarata tarch pitch?

Kuchengetedza vashandi, miviri yekudzora uye masangano ehutano akagadzakufumurwa miganhuforCtpvs. MuU.S., theNational InstituteZvekuchengetedza basa uye hutano (Nihs) uye iyo yekuchengetedza basa uye hutano hutongi (OSHA) vatambi vanokosha.Nihsinokurudzira muganho wekuratidzira (rel) kweCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(kuyerwa seBenzene-Soluble Flattionyezvinhu zvakazara zvinhu) zve0.1MG / m³ seyakaenzana-yakaremerwa avhareji (TWA) kusvika kune gumi-awa zuva rekushanda, maawa makumi mana nemashanu ekushanda.Nihs inotarisa tarpitch kuve kugonaBasa reCarcinogen.

OSHAine mvumo inobvumirwa yekuratidzira (pel) yeCoal Tar Pitch Volililes(benzye-soluble) ye1,2 mg / mg. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uone kuti aya miganhu akagadzirirwa kuderedza njodzi, asi uzivi, kunyanya kwecarcinogeniczvinhu, kazhinji kuchengetakusadziviririkazvakaderera sezvinowanika zvine musoro (Alara). Uyezve,Nihsyakagadza njodzi nekukurumidza kuhupenyu kana hutano (Idlh) Kukosha kweCtpvspa80 mg / m³. IzviIdlhKukosha kunomiririra kusunganidzwa kubva kune iyo mushandi anogona kutiza pasina kutambura zvisingaiti zvehutano kana kukanganiswa kwaizotadzisa kupukunyuka muchiitiko chekuponesa kutadza. Kubatakusadziviririkazvinobudirira zvinoda kugara zvakanaka pazasi aya akagadzwa miganhu.

CTPV kuratidzwa kweCTP yakayerwa sei uye kuongororwa munzvimbo yebasa?

Kuyera uye kuitisakuongororaofCTPVS kuratidzwaMunzvimbo yebasa inhanho yakaoma mukudzivirira hutano hwehutano. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza nemhepo sampling kuti uone kusunganidzwa kweAirborne Ctpvs. Nzira inozivikanwa kwazvo inoyera iyoBenzene-Soluble Flattionyezvinhu zvakazara zvevhu zvakaunganidzwa pane firita. Ichi chidimbu chinoonekwa sechiratidziro chePAHSzvemukati. Nyanzvi dzeunyanzvi hwekushanda hutsanana hunoshandiswa kudhirowa vhoriyamu inozivikanwa yemhepo kuburikidza nesepling yepakati (segirazi fiber filter) pamusoro penguva yakatarwa, kazhinji chiitiko chakazara chebasa, kuwana twkusadziviririkanhanho.

Kupfuurirazvekuongororainogona kusanganisira zvakadzamaCHEMICALkuongororwa kuratidza uye kuwanda kwakanangaPAHSkungepyrene, Benzo [a] Pyrene, kanaanthracene. Izvi zvinogona kupa mufananidzo wakakwana wekusadziviririkambiri. Kugara uchiongorora zvirongwa zvakakosha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzakakwirira sengecoke ovenmabhatiri kanaAluminium kunyudzwaPotrooms. Iyo data yakaunganidzwa kubva pane izvikuongororainobatsira mu:

• Kusarudza kanakufumurwa miganhuvari kudarika.
• Kuzivisa Yakakwira-kusadziviririkamabasa kana nzvimbo.
• Kuongorora zvinoshanda zviyero zvekudzora.
• Kuverengera kutevedzeraOSHAmitemo.
• Kupa zvakakoshadata rehupfunekuda kwezvidzidzo zvepilogicological.

Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvehutano zvinokonzeresa kubva kuCTPV kuratidzwa?

The theHutano mhedzisiro inokonzerwakubvakuratidzwa kwebasakutiCoal Tar Pitch Volilileskunetseka kwakanyanya, kunyanya nekuda kwecarcinogenicchimiro chevazhinji chemagariro ayo. Nguva refukusadziviririkayakabatana nengozi yakawedzera yemakonzo akasiyana siyana.Lung Canceringozi yakakosha, kunyanya vashandi munzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunzeAirbornekutarisisa kweCtpvs, sezvakaitika karecoke ovenZvirongwa. GandacancerUku kumwe kunetsekana kukuru, kazhinji kunokonzerwa nedanda reganda kusangana nemarasha tar zvigadzirwa kana kudzikisira kusveta, yakawedzerwa ne photosensitization. Pane zvakare humbowo hunoratidza zvinongedzo kutibladder canceruye cancer yekugayasystem, uye zvinogonaKidney Cancer.

Kupfuuracancer, paneacute uye chisingaperiisina-cancer hutano. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Dermatological nyaya:Ganda kutsamwisa, dermatitis, uye PhotoToxity (sekushungurudzika kwezuva pane zuvakusadziviririkaMushure mekusangana naCtpvs).
• Matambudziko ekufema:Kutsamwiswa kweturakiti rekufema, Bronchitis, uye rakaderedzwamapapubasa.
• Ziso Kutsamwisa:Kupisa, kutsvuka, uye kusagadzikana.
  The theNational Textology ChirongwaSChirevo pane Carcinogensrunyorwa marasha marara uye marasha-tar pitches seinozivikanwa munhucarcinogens. Izvikuzivikanwayakavakirwa pane yakawandisaEpademiologicalZvidzidzo uyetoxicologytsvagiridzo, kusanganisiraKudzidza Kufazviwanikwa mubhuku revashandi rinoburitswa. Kunzwisisa njodzi idzi ndiyo yekutanga nhanho yekudzivirira inoshanda uye kudzikisira.

Ndeapi mabasa eNies naOshs neOsha Mukutora CTPV kuratidzwa?

The theNational InstituteZvekuchengetedza basa uye hutano (Nihs) uye iyo yekuchengetedza basa uye hutano hutongi (OSHA) Tamba wakakosha, alleit akasiyana, mabasa mukutaura nezvenjodziofCTPVS kuratidzwamuU.S. Nihs, chikamu chenzvimbo dzekutonga kwechirwere uye kudzivirira, inonyanya kutsvagisaInstitute. Iyo inoitisa tsika yesainzi pane dzakasiyana siyana dzebasa njodzi, kusanganisiraCHEMICALkufumurwa sengeCtpvs. Zvichienderana nekutsvagisa uku,Nihsinovandudza mazano ekudzivirira kukuvara-kwakanangana nekukuvara kwebasa uye kurwara, kusanganisira yakakurudzira miganhu (rels) uye nhungamiro dzekudzorakusadziviririka. Yavo "maitiro ekukurudzirwa kwakakurudzirwa: Kuratidzwa kwebasa kune marasha ekutarisa zvigadzirwa" igwaro rinokosha munzvimbo ino.

OSHA, kune rumwe rutivi, inzvimbo yekuzvidzora pasi peDhipatimendi reVashandi. Basa rayo ndere kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye hutano hwekuita nekuisa uye kusimbisa zviyero uye nekupa kudzidziswa, kusunungurwa, dzidzo, uye rubatsiro.OSHAinogadza zviri pamutemo inosimbisa mvumo yekubvumirwa miganhu (Pels) yezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisiraCoal Tar Pitch Volililes. Izvi ndizvo chikamu chevakawandaMhepo inosvibisa mwero weiyo general indasitiri(29 cfr 1910.1000). NepoNihsinokurudzira,OSHAinogonadzorauye kusimbisa. The theZvemamiriro ekunze Dziviriro Agency(EPA) zvakare inotora basa nekudzoraEMISSIONofPAHSseMhepo Pllutantsmunzvimbo yakajairika, iyo inogona kukanganisa zvisina kukodzera maitiro ebasa uye kuderedza zvesekusvibiswa.

Tinogona sei kudzikisira zvinobudirira njodzi yeCTPV kuratidzwa kweCitp

Kudzikisiranjodziofkuratidzwa kwebasakutiCoal Tar Pitch Volililesinoda nzira yakawanda-yakaenzana, inowanzonzi seyakagwinya. Maitiro anonyanya kushanda anotarisa pakubvisa kana kuderedzanjodzikwainobva. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Injiniya inodzora:Izvi zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa kana kuderedza zvakasvibiswa mumhepo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
  • Local Exaust Ventilation (Lev) Systems paPoints ofEMISSION, senge pamusorocoke ovenmabhatiri kana aluminium inonamira mapoto.
  • Kuvharirwa kwemaitiro kudziviriraCtpvskubva pakupukunyuka munzvimbo yebasa.
  • Danho rekushandurwa, pamwe kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvinounza mashoma mashoma kana zvichikwanisika.
• Kutonga kutonga:Izvi zvinosanganisira shanduko mumabasa kana maitiro. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
  • Kuderedza nhamba yevashandi yakafumurwa kana nguva yekusadziviririka.
  • Kuita yakatarwa nzira dzakachengeteka dzebasa remabasa nekwakakwirirakusadziviririkakugona.
  • Kumisikidza nzvimbo dzakarambidzwa.
• Zvivakwa zvekudzivirira pachako (PPP):Izvi zvinoonekwa sekutevera kwekudzivirira kana zvimwe zvidzora zvisingakwanisi kuderedza zvakakwanakusadziviririka. ForCtpvs, Ppe zvinogona kusanganisira:
  • Kudzivirirwa kwekufemerwa (i.e., mweya-kuchenesa vanogarisana nemabhokisi akakodzera emabhokisi ejekerana uye org
  • Zvipfeko zvinodiwa kuti udzivise kuonana kweganda (magurovhosi, makondita).
  • Ziso uye kuchengetedzwa kumeso.

Vashandi vedzidzo uye dzidzo nezve njodzi dzeCtpvsUye maitiro akachengeteka anokoshawo. Semutengesi, kazhinji tinokurukura kubata kwemaitiro ezvigadzirwa senge zveduCoal Tar Pitch Flakeskubatsira vatengi kusimbisa aya matanho ekuchengetedza pakupera kwavo. Nguva dzoseHutano uye KuchengetekaAudits uyekuongororayezviyero zvekudzora zvinoona kuti vanoramba vachibudirira.

Kuzvipira kwedu kuZGFTY: Kutungamira hunhu kuderedza CTPV kunetsekana

Sekumiririra allen, anomiririra fekitari yangu nemitsetse yayo minomwe yekugadzira kuChinaCoal Tar Pitch Volilileszvakanyanya. Yedu bhizinesi modhi yakavakwa pakupaYakakwira-mhando yeganda remazinga tar zvigadzirwa uye petroleum coke. Isu tinonzwisisa kuti kunaka kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kunogona kukanganisa hunhu hweEMISSIONpanguva yavo yekupera-kushandisa, semuenzaniso, mukatiAluminium kunyudzwakana kana ichinge yaitwapavemigwagwa ine nyanzviasphalt.

Isu tinotenda kuti nekutarisa pane stringent mhando yekudzora kwezvigadzirwa senge zveduEpakati tembiricha asphalt blockkana akasiyana emakadhi ePetroleumCoke, isu tinopa kune zvimwe zvinofungidzirwa uye zvinogoneka maitiro kune vatengi vedu. Ipo chizvarwa cheCtpvsinoshandiswa pakushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi pakunyanyisa tembiricha, inoenderana, yakakwirira-mhandochinhuinogona kuzvibata zvakanyanya kufungidzira, kubatsira mukugadzirwa uye kushanda kwekutonga kwekutonga. Isu tinotangisa kutaurirana pachena uye teerera zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosangana nemitemo yenyika, dzinotsigirwa neChinyorwa Chinodiwa. Izvi kero zvakakosha zvine chekuita nevatariri vekutakura zvine chekuita neKuongorora kwemhando uye zvinyorwa zvakavimbika, kubatsira kudzivisa nyaya sekunyepa kwekunyepa uko kunogona kuita kuti vatevedzere vasinganetsi. Chinangwa chedu ndechekuita mumwe wako mukusimudzira yakachengetekaBasanharaunda.

Kufamba ramangwana: Kuvhenekerwa uye zvakanakisa maitiro ekugadzirisa CTPV kuratidzwa

Mamiriro ekunze ekugadzirisakuratidzwa kwebasakutiCtpvsinoramba ichikanda. Iko kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga nemisangano uye mukati meindasitiriKuti uwane nzira dzekuenderera mberi nekuderedza mushandikusadziviririkauye kuvandudza kuchengeteka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvagurudza kuchinjika kuti zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa, sekukudziridzaYakagadziridzwa asphaltuye mamwe marasha emhando yerat gariti inotora iyo inogona kuve yakaderera yakajeka yezvinyorwa kana kushandurwaPAHSprofiles, zvinogona kutungamira kudzikiswaCtpvs emission. Inogadzirwa muinjiniya inotonga, seyakanyanya kunaka mhepo systems kana yakavandudzwa zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa maitiro sengecoke ovenmashandiro kanaAluminium kugadzirwa, zvakare kiyi.

Uyezve, kufambira mberi mune yekuongorora tekinoroji kunogona kupa zvakanyanya uye chaiyo-nguvakuongororaofkusadziviririkamazinga, kubvumira kwekukurumidza kupindira. Maitiro akanakisa anowedzera kusimbisa nzira yeHolistic yeHutano uye KuchengetekaManagement Systems, Kubatanidza CTPV kutonga kuita yakakurahutano hwezvakatipoteredzauye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza. Kubatana pakati maindasitiri (senge aluminium, simbi, uyekabhoniVagadziri vechigadzirwa), miviri yekudzora yakadai seOSHAuyeZvemamiriro ekunze Dziviriro Agency, uye masangano ekutsvagisa sengeNihsZvakakosha. Kugovana Zivo,data rehupfu, uye zviyero zvekudzora zvakabudirira zvichave zvakakosha pakuchengetedza ikozvino uye ramangwanaGeneral huwanduyevashandi kubva kune njodzi dzakabatana neCoal Tar Pitch Volililes. Semugadziri, takazvipira kuti tirambe tichiziviswa nezve izvi zviitiko uye kuitisa maitiro edu kutsigira zvakachengeteka kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvedu.

Key Dealoways kuyeuka:

• Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPVS)misanganiswa yakaoma, kunyanya inePolyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS), yakaburitswa kana kora kana tar kana pitch inotyisa.
• Kuratidzwa kwebasakutiCtpvsihwo hutano hwakakoshanjodzi, nezvinongedzo kunacancer(kunyanyamapapu, ganda,bladder) uye zvimwe zvinorema uye ganda mamiriro.
• Maindasitiri akadaiAluminium kugadzirwa, coke ovenmashandiro, uye denga rinotarisana nenjodzi dzakakwirira dzeCTPVS kuratidzwa.
• NihsuyeOSHAipa nhungamiro uye mirairo (rels uye mapere, kazhinji zvichienderana neBenzene-Soluble Flattion) kugumirakusadziviririka. IdlhMaitiro anoratidza acute njodzi mazinga.
• Kudzikisira kunosanganisira kudzora kweinjiniya, kutonga kwekutonga, uye zvekudzivirira pachako (ppe).
• Hunhu hwemabhawa tar zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukurudziraCtpvs emission; Vanokurumbira vanopa vanotarisa nezvekuenderana uye kuomerera kune zviyero.
• Kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga uye kubatana kwakakosha kuti uvandudze manejimendiCTPVS kuratidzwauye nekuvandudza mushandi kuchengeteka mukatiindasitiri.
• Kunzwisisa uye kubata njodzi dzinoenderana neCtpvsakakosha kune ese maviri ekuzvinyudza uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kuchengetedza hutano hwesimba kubva pane izvi zvinogonaCarcinogenic chinhu.