Kunzwisisa Asphalt, Bitumen, uye Tar: Kwakakosha mutsauko uye zvikumbiro mukuvakwa kwemazuva ano kwemigwagwa

Patinotaura nezvekuvaka migwagwa kana maindasitiri ekushandisa anoda kusimba kusunga mashopu, mazwi akaita seiasphalt, Bitumen, uyetarkazhinji kuuya. Kunyange dzimwe nguva dzaishandisa zvichinetsa mukutaura kwakasarudzika, izvi zvigadzirwa zvine mavambo akasarudzika, zvivakwa, uye zvinoshandiswa. Kunzwisisamutsauko pakati asphaltuye izvi zvinhu zvine hukama zvakakosha kune chero munhu muKuvaka mugwagwaIndasitiri, kana yemabhizinesi seAluminium anonhuwirira uye masimbi mamiriri anovimba nezvigadzirwa zvinobva kwavari. Ichi chinyorwa chinodzungudza zvakadzama mune izvo zvinoita kuti mumwe nemumwe akasarudzika, zvikumbiro zvavo zvekutanga, uye uchisarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera, seizviAsphalt mhando, zvakakosha kuti ubudirire. Sefekitori ine minomwe yekugadzira mitsara ichinyatsoziva mumarara tar zvigadzirwa uye petroleum coke, isu, paZffy, ndaona zvimwe zvekuti zvinonyanya kukosha zivo iyi ndeyevatengi vedu pasi rese, kubva kuUSA kuEurope neAustralia. Ngativake nzira yekujekesa!

Ichi chinyorwa chakakodzera kuverenga nekuti zvichadaro:

• Zvakajeka kutsananguraasphalt, Bitumen, uyetar.
• TsananguraMisiyano Yakakoshamukuumbwa kwavo uyezvivakwa uye zvinoshandiswa.
• Kurukura zvakasiyanamhando dze asphaltuye kukodzera kwavo kwemapurojekiti akasiyana.
• Simbisa kukosha kwezvinhu izvi mukatiKuvaka mugwagwauye mamwe maindasitiri.
• Kupa ruzivo mukugadziramutengo-unoshandaSarudzo dzisina kukanganisa, kuve nehanya kukuru kwemauto ekuviga seMako Thompson.

1. Chii chinonzi asphalt, uye zvakasiyana sei nezvipinda?

Ngatitangei nezvigadziko. Kazhinji, vanhu vanovhiringidzika pakatiasphaltuyeBitumen. Munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi, kunyanya kuNorth America, "asphalt"zvinoreva musanganiswa wakapera unoshandiswa pakurongedza migwagwa. Musanganiswa uyu unowanzoitikaBitumen, Aggregate(sejecha, gravel, kana ibwe rakapwanyika), uye dzimwe nguva vevifadzi. Saka,Asphalt musanganiswakupiBitumenzviito sebinder. Funga nezvazvo sekeke:BitumenMazai nemafuta akabata furawa (aggregate) pamwe chete kuti aite keke rekupedzisira (Asphalt pree).

Pane rimwe divi,Bitumenaviscous mvurakana semi-yakasimba fomu yepeturu. Iyo dema, inonamira, uyeViscous zvikuruchinhu icho chiri kuitika chaicho chinoitika kana kuwanirwa sechipo chepeturuKunatswa. Saka,Bitumenndeimwe yezvikamu zvikurumukati asphalt. Izwi rekuti "Bitumen"Inonyanya kushandiswa muEurope uye mamwe matunhu ekureva kune iyi yekubatanidza mumiririri. Yayo yekutanga basa ndeyekusungaAggregatezvidimbu pamwe chete, zvichipa simba,kusimba, uye kudzora mvura kunaasphaltmusanganiswa. Kunaka kweBitumenzvakakura zvinokanganisa kuita kweAsphalt pree, kukanganisa kupokana kwaro kunakupengakuumbwa uye deformation pasikurema trafficuye vakasiyanamamiriro ekunze.

Kunzwisisa iyi mutsauko kwakakosha. Kana mutengi seMako Thompson kubva kuUSA kutaura nezvekutenga "Asphalt," anogona kunge ari kureva musanganiswa wakakwana wekuvira kana dzimwe nguva, zvakanyanya,Bitumen Binderpachayo, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvimwe zvinodiwa pakutengesa kumakambani ekuvaka emugwagwa. Isu tinogara tichijekesa izvi kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti tiri kupa chaizvo izvo zvinodiwa.

2. Tar akatsanangura: Ingori rimwe zita reasphalt kana bitumen?

Zvino, kupitarkukwana mumufananidzo uyu?Tar, zvine hungwarutar, zvakasiyana chaizvo kubvaasphaltuyeBitumenmune zvazviri. NepoBitumenndizvoinotorwa kubva peturu, marashatarIro byproduct of carbonization yemarasha, kazhinji inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira coke yeiyo simbi indasitiri kana gasi remazimbe. Ikobvu, rima, uyeviscous mvura, zvakawandakunge bitumen, asi zvimiro zvaro zvemakemikari zvakasarudzika. Nhoroondo, marashatarraivezvinowanzoshandiswayemugwagwa uchicheka nzira uye mvura, asi kushandiswa kwayo mukatiKuvaka mugwagwayakadzikira zvakanyanya mumatunhu mazhinji nekuda kweKufunga kwezvakatipoteredzauye zvakakwirira kuita kwepeturu-KubvaBitumenmune akawanda mashandisirwo.

Imwe yeMisiyano Yakakoshandizvozvo here?tarkazhinji ine zvemukati zvakakwirira zveanonhuwirira makomputa zvichienzaniswaBitumen. Nepo zvimwe zvivakwa zvingaite sezvakangoita pane pamusoro - zviri zviviri zvakasviba, zvimisikidzo zveMakemikari zvinotungamira kune akasiyana maitiro ekuita uyekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuyenzaniso,tarinogona kuve yakanyanya kukurumidza kutembera shanduko uye inogona kusunungura yakawedzera kujairika organic makomputa (VOCS). Nhasi, zvigadzirwa zvakaitaCoal Tar Pitch Flakesvanokosheswa kwazvo kune chaiyo maindasitiri maindasitiri, senge mukugadzirwa kweGrathi Magetsi Electrodes, Refraces, uye majasi, pane kupatsanukakugadzira mugwagwa. Saka, kwete,tarHaisi rimwe zita chete reasphaltkanaBitumen; Iyo yakasarudzikaZvinyorwa zveRaw.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti vatengi vanzwisise kuti kana vachitsvaga nzira yekuvhara yemugwagwa, ivo vangangodaro vari mumusika weasphalt(iyo musanganiswa) kanaBitumen(iyo binder). Kana zvavanoda ndezvemukati meunyanzvi maindasitiri maitiro, saka yakakwira-mhando yemarashatarZvigadzirwa zvinogona kunge zviri chaizvo zvavanoda. Isu tinogadzira huwandu hwemarashatarzvigadzirwa, uye zvavanoshandisa zvakasiyana chaizvo neavo vedupetroleum asphaltzvipiriso.

3. Ndeapi marudzi makuru easphalt anoshandiswa mukuvaka?

Patinotaura nezvazvoasphaltzvekuvaka, kunyanyaKuvaka mugwagwa, haisi imwe-saizi-inokodzera-zvese zvinhu. Panemhando dzakasiyana dze asphalt, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa chinangwa chaicho, inokwira, uye traffic mitoro. Sarudzo yeAsphalt mhandoinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hurefu uye kuita kweiyopambiro.

Heano mamweinowanzoshandiswa asphaltmhando:

• Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA):Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kwazvoakashandisa asphalt mhandopakuvira. Yakagadzirwa nekudziyaBitumenkuderedza viscosity yayo uye kuomesaAggregateKubvisa unyoro usati wasanganisa. The themusanganiswa asphaltanobva atumirwa, akaradzikwa, uye akaumbwa achiri kupisa. HMA inozivikanwa nesimba rayo,kusimba, uye kukodzera kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzemahara senge migwagwa mikuru neairport inomhanya. Isu tinowanzo kupa yakakwirira-mhandoBitumenfor homa kugadzirwa.
• RONGA SXION SINASPHALT (WMA):WMA inogadzirwa pamadzishe akadzika kupfuura hma (kazhinji 20-40 ° C yakaderera). Izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandisa zvakakosha zvekupatsanura kana maitiro anobvumidza iyoBitumenkujiraAggregatezvinobudirira pane izvi zvakaderedzwakupisa kwakanyanya. Izvo zvakanaka zvinosanganisira kuderera mafuta ekushandisa uyeEMISSIONMunguva yekugadzirwa, kwenguva refu yekuvira, uye yakavandudzwa mamiriro ekushanda.
• Kutonhora kusanganisa asphalt (cma): Kutonhora musanganiswa asphaltinogadzirwa nekufungidzira iyoBitumennemvura uye anoyera mumiririri usati wasanganisa nayoAggregate. Kusiyana neHMA,kutonhora musanganiswa asphalthazvidi kupisa uye kunogona kuiswa paambient tembiricha. Kazhinji inoshandiswa pakubata potholes, kusurukirwa kwenguva pfupi, uye kugadzira migwagwa yemotokari yakaderera kana nzira dzekumaruwa. Nepo kusiri kusimba kunge hma yekutangaPeji yeMugwagwazvikumbiro, imutengo-unoshandamhinduro yekugadzirisa uye zvisinganyorero mamiriro ezvinhu.
• Porous asphalt:Izvimhando asphaltine yakakura muzana yemhepo yomhepo, ichibvumira mvura kuti idurure kuburikidza nepambiropamusoro pegomba rechirango pamubhedha pasi pepasi. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mvura yemukati, kuvandudza skid kuramba, uye kuderedzaruzha rwemugwagwa. IZvakatipoteredza Shamwarisarudzo yekugadzirisa dutu remvura.
• Mastic Asphalt (kana asphalt mastic):Ino dense, isina kusarudzikaasphaltyakagadzirwa nepamusoroBitumenzvemukati. Iyo inogara zvakanyanya, inodzora mvura, uye kazhinji inoshandiswa kune yakasarudzika zvikumbiro seBridge Decking, Rogirziro, uye Rutivi.
• Yakagadziriswa Asphalt:Kusimudzira kuita,Bitumeninogona kushandurwa ne polymers kana zvimwe zvinowedzera.Yakagadziridzwa asphaltinopa yakavandudzwa kupokana nekuvhenekera, kupera simba kupaza, uye tembiricha yekuwedzera. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera nzvimbo nekurema traffickana kunyanyisamamiriro ekunze.

Kusarudza kodzeroAsphalt mhandoisarudzo yakaoma mune cheroBasa rekuvaka. Izvo zvinosanganisira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita kunge traffic vhoriyamu, mamiriro ekunze, bhajeti, uye hupenyu hwakadiwa hwepambiro. Semutengesi, isu tinoshanda padhuze nevatengi vedu kuti tinzwisise zvavanoda chaizvoasphaltuye ipa giredhi rakakodzera reBitumenkana nyanzviasphaltzvigadzirwa.

4. Nei asphalt iyo yakanyanya zvinyorwa zvemigwagwa yekuvaka migwagwa?

Asphaltrave zvinhu zvinotungamiraKuvaka mugwagwapasi rese, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Kushandiswa kwayo kwakaparara kunokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoita kuti zviite zvakakodzera kuti ugadzire kusimba, uyemutengo-unoshanda Peji yeMugwagwamhinduro. Inopfuura 90% yemigwagwa yakavezwa muUSA, semuenzaniso, inoonekwa nayoasphalt. Izvi hazvina kuitika netsaona!

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekutanga zveasphaltKuzivikanwa kwakakurumbira kuita kwayo kwakanaka.Asphalt maPakementsvanochinjika, zvichireva kuti vanokwanisa kutsungirira zvigadzikiso zvishoma uye kufamba pasina ipapokupengakuumbwa. Uku kushandurwa kunopawo kune yakasviba uye inokwira kukwira zvichienzaniswa neyakaomeswapambiromhando, kuderedzaruzha rwemugwagwa. Uyezve,SPPhalt MigwagwaIpa yakanaka skid kuramba, iyo inokosha yekuchengetedza mota. The thekusimbayeyakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye yakavakwaAsphalt preezvinoreva kuti zvinogona kubatatraffic inorema uye akasiyana mamiriro ekunzeKunyanyisa zvinobudirira kwemakore mazhinji.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekutiasphaltndeye 100% inogadziriswa.Dzoreredzwa asphalt paka(Rap) inogona kubatanidzwa muzvitsvaasphalt musanganiswa, kuderedza kudiwa kwezvinhu zvemhandara uye kutsausa marara kubva kune landfill. Izvi zvinogadziraasphaltzvimweZvakatipoteredza Shamwarisarudzotichienzanisa nedzimwe zvinhu. Kugona kwedzokorora akashandisa asphaltkwete kungochengetedza zviwanikwa zvakasikwa sengeAggregateuyeBitumenasi zvakare inobatsira mukuderedza iyo yakazaramutengo-unoshandachimiro cheKuvaka mugwagwa uye kugadzirisa. Kubva pane zvatinoita, kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoroBitumenIzvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvinobatanidza rap iri kuwedzera sekusimudzira kunova chinhu chakakura.

5. Basa rinonetsa reBitumen: iyo binder mune asphalt musanganiswa

Sezvatabata,Bitumenndiyo gamba risingatauri mukatiasphaltmusanganiswa. Izvo zvinowanzoita chete inenge 5% yeAsphalt musanganiswakurema, asi basa rayo sebinderinonyatso kutsoropodza kuita uyekusimbayeAsphalt pree. PasinaBitumen, asphaltingangove murwi weakasunungukaAggregate.

Basa rekutanga reBitumenndeyekusungaAggregates uye Bitumenpamwe chete, vachigadzira cohesive uye yakagadzikana misa. IzviviscousMidziyo yejasiAggregatezvidimbu, zvinogadzira zvisungo zvine simba zvakasimba. Izvi zvisungo zvinopaasphaltNesimba rayo rekuramba kushushikana kwakaiswa nemotokari uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Kunaka uye rudzi rweBitumen inoshandiswazvakananga pesvedzera iyoasphaltKuzvidzivirira kune zvakajairika kushungurudzika senge kurongedza (kushungurudzika mumapeluru munzira), nekuda kwekuneta kwekurova (nekudzokororwa kurodha), nekukasira kupaza (nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa). Mamakisi akasiyana eBitumeninotsanangurwa kune dzakasiyana-mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekutevera kuti ave nechokwadi chekunyepedzera kuita. Semuenzaniso, softerBitumen inogonakushandiswa mumamiriro ekutonhora ekudzivirira kupaza, nepo zvakanyanya kuomaBitumeninofarirwa mukupisa matinji kuti udzivise kurira.

Uyezve,Bitumeninopa mvura kune iyoAsphalt pree. Inozadza voids pakatiAggregatezvimedu, kudzivirira mvura kubva pakupindapambirochimiro. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti migress yemvura anogona kushayisa simba pasi pemigwagwa, zvichitungamira kukundikana kusati kwatadza. Chimiro chakazara cheBitumeninobatsira kuchengetedza iyopambiroHwaro uye wedzera hupenyu hwaro hwebasa. Semutengesi wemakiredhi akasiyana siyana, kusanganisiraTembiricha yakakwira asphaltuye epakati tembiricha zvigadzirwa, tinonzwisisa kuti kupa kodzeroBitumenKiyi yekuwana nguva yakarebaSPPhalt Migwagwa.

6. Kupfuura migwagwa: dzakasiyana siyana zvivakwa uye kushandiswa kwesphalt uye bitumen zvigadzirwa

NepoKuvaka mugwagwandiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa application, iyo yakasarudzikazvivakwa uye zvinoshandiswaofasphaltuyeBitumenwedzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzevamwe maindasitiri uye anotengeserana zvikamu. Hunhu hwavo hwemvura hwakanakisa uye hunonamatira hunovaita zvinokosha mukuvaka kwakasiyana siyana uye maitiro ekugadzira.

Heino kutaridzika kune zvimwe zvekushandisa zvakasiyana:

• Padenga: Bitumeninoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira kwegomba reimba uye vakanzwa.BituminiusZvishandiso zvedenga zvinopa nzvimbo inovharirwa, yemvura inopesana nezvinhu, kuchengetedza zvivakwa kubva mukukora nekukuvara kwemvura.
• Waterproofing uye kuiswa chisimbiso: Bitumen-Kubva pamakonzo uye maSalants anoshandiswa kune huwandu hwenheyo, zvivakwa, mabhiriji, matipi, uye anokwanisa.Bitumen emulsionuye mhinduro dzinoiswa kune nzvimbo dzekugadzira iyo isingaenzaniswi layer.
• PIPE COATings:Kuchengetedza mapipi kubva kuCorrosion, kunyanya avo vakavigwa pasi pevhu kana pasi pemvura,BitumenCoatings inowanzoiswa. Izvi zvinokwira hupenyu hwehupenyu hwekushushikana zvakanyanya.
• Kurira kunonakidza: Asphalt-Kubva pamashizha kana machira anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari uye kuvakwa kunodzora ruzha uye kuseka.
• Maindasitiri ekuratidzira:MasticasphaltInopa yakaoma, inogara yakaoma, uye isina kusarudzika yekugadzirisa mafekitori, machengetedzo, uye nzvimbo dzine mhosva yekupfeka zvinorema uye kubvaruka.
• Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha:Fekitori yedu, semuenzaniso, inoberekaYakakosha Asphalt yemafuta ekuzvidzwa. Idzi nyanzviasfirltsdzakarongedzwa nezvakanangana nezvenzvimbo dzekusimudzira kucherwa kwemvura, tonga kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye kuvandudza hutano hwakanaka mupeturuindasitiri. Saizvozvo,Coal Tar Pitch, chimwe chigadzirwa chatinosangana nacho, chakakosha kubuditsa kabhoni mauto ealuminum kunyudza, graphite electrodes yekunzwa, uye sebinderfor carbon zvigadzirwa.

Kuwanda kweAsphalt and BitumenInobva pane hunhu hwavo hwakakosha: Ivo vanoratidzira (vanonyengera kana vachipiswa, vakaomesa kana kutonhorera, uye vanonamatira, uye kurwisa kwemvura nemakirikirwo mazhinji. Izvi zvinovatendera kuti vatenderwe kune vanhu vazhinjizvivakwa uye zvinoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti vakwaniseZvinyorwa zveRawzvikamu muindasitiri yazvino.

7. Asphalt vs. Bitumen: Iko kutarisisa kutarisisa kwavo kuita uye zvikumbiro

Kana uchienzanisaAsphalt vs. Bitumen, zvakakosha kuti uongorore izvozvoAsphalt musanganiswazvineBitumen. Saka, kuita kweasphaltinoremerwa zvakanyanya pamhando uye mhando yeBitumen inoshandiswa, pamwe neAggregateuye sanganisa dhizaini. Zvisinei, tinogona kukurukura kuti seiBitumenzvivakwa zvinokanganisaasphaltkuita kuita mune dzakasiyana siyana application.

Bitumenpachako, sebinder, inoratidzwa neyevisiko yayo, giredhi repenji (kuomarara), zvinonzwika zvinonzwika, uye mikana. Izvi zvivakwa zvinoona kuti seiAsphalt musanganiswa asphaltichazvibata pasi pemamiriro akasiyana. Semuyenzaniso:

• A Bitumenneyakaderera penetiration kukosha (zvakanyanyaBitumen) ichaguma neasphaltizvo zvinopesana nekushomeka kukupisa kwakanyanyaasi inogona kunge iri kuwedzera kupaza tembiricha yakaderera.
• Zvishoma, aBitumenine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekupinza (softerBitumen) ichabereka inoshandukaasphalt, zvakanakira zviri nani kumamiriro ekunze ekutonhora asi zvingangogona kusimba pasi pemitoro inorema mumamiriro ekunze anopisa.

Panyaya yekushandisa,Bitumen inowanzoshandiswaSezvinangwa zvekutanga zvekupfirakupisainotsemurwa pamugwagwa, inoteverwa nedanda reAggregate. Uku ndikomutengo-unoshandaNzira yekusimbisa nzvimbo iripo uye kuvandudza skid kuramba.Nepo bitumenchikamu,asphalt.pambiro, kupa iyo huru-inobereka kugona. Zvakasiyanaasphalt musanganiswa.Asphalt Laermukati mepambirodhizaini (base kosi, binder kosi, kupfeka kosi) kuti uwedzere kuita uyekusimba.

Sarudzo pakati pezvakasiyanaBitumen kana asphaltzvigadzirwa pakupedzisira zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveBasa rekuvaka. Semuenzaniso, mugwagwa wepamusoro-womugwagwa unoda kurovainopisa musanganiswa asphaltine polymer-yakashandurwaBitumenzvekuvandudzwakusimba, nepo driveway inogona kunge yakanyatsoshanda neiyo yakapusaAsphalt zvinyorwa. Kunzwisisa Izvo Nuances yeAsphalt vs bitumenInobatsira mainjiniya uye maneja ekutakura saMark Thompson anoita sarudzo dzakanyatsoziva kuti rive nechokwadi uye mutengo-wekubudirira.

8. Ndedzipi pfungwa dzekutsigira uye kukanganisa kwekushandisa asphalt uye bitumen?

The thekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredzaofasphaltuyeBitumenkugadzirwa uye kushandiswa ndiko kuwedzera kwakakosha kwekufunga muneAsphalt Indasitiri. Kunge chero maitiro eindasitiri anosanganisirapeturuZvigadzirwa, kune matambudziko, asiwo mapoputa akakosha kuitwa mukusimudzira.

Imwe yeiyo huru yezvakatipisira zvine chekuita nayoEMISSIONpanguva yekugadzirwa kweinopisa musanganiswa asphalt. KupisaBitumen uye Aggregateskutikupisa kwakanyanyainodya simba uye inogona kusunungura greenhouse magasi uye yakajeka organic compounds (VERCS). Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri yave ichishingairira kushanda kuti ideredze izvi. Kuvandudzwa kwemusanganiswa unodziyaAsphalt(Wma) muenzaniso mukuru. NekubvumiraAsphalt ProductionPakudziya kwakadzika, wma zvakanyanya kuderedzasimba rekushandisa uye emission. Izvi hazvingoperedzerekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredzaAsi zvinogona zvakare kutungamira kune mari yekubhadhara mari.

Chimwe chinhu chakanaka chakanakira kudzokorodza kweasphalt. Sezvambotaurwa,Asphalt preendeimwe yezvinhu zvakagadzirwazve zvakanyanya munyika.Dzoreredzwa asphalt paka(Rap) inogona kubatanidzwa muzvitsvaasphalt musanganiswapamakristu akakwira, kuderedza zvinodiwa nemhandaraBitumenuyeAggregate, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvakasikwa, uye kuderedza dongo renzvimbo. Iyi nzira yehupfumi inokonzeresa inosimudzira kwazvo chimiro chekusimbisaSPPhalt Migwagwa. Kuwedzera, kufambira mberi mukatiAsphalt TechelgilogiesSanganisira kuvandudzwa kweporous asphalt, iyo inobatsira kubata nedutu remvura yemvura, kuderedza mafashama uye kusefa. Kuedza kuri zvakare kuyarurwa kuti uwedzere bio-binders kunobva kune yakagadziridzwa zviwanikwa sekutsiva kana kuzere kutsivapeturu bitumen, kutarisira kuenderera mberikuderedza kabhoni tsokaofKuvaka mugwagwa.

Nepotar, kunyanya marashatar, yakatarisana nekuwongorora kwakawanda nekuda kwekunyorwa kwayo kwemakemikari uye kugona kusunungura zvinhu zvinokuvadza, kushandiswa kwayo mukatiKuvaka mugwagwaIye zvino mashoma munzvimbo zhinji. ZvazvinoBitumenKunatsa maitiro uye maitiro ekungwarira anovavarira kuburitsa mabhanhire akachengeteka uye akagadzikana kana akashandiswa mukatiAsphalt maPakements. Kune vatengi vedu, kunyanya avo vari mumatunhu ane maitiro ekutsigira seEurope uye neUSA, isu tinoona kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosangana nezvese zvinodiwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa. Uku kuzvipira kunaKufunga kwezvakatipoteredzaZvakakosha.

9. Kusarudza izvo zvakaringana zvinhu: Mashandisiro aunoita Asphalt-inobudirira Asphalt yezvinodiwa zvako?

Kusarudza kurudyiAsphalt mhandokanaBitumengiredhi rakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi cheBasa rekuvakazvese zvakabudirira uyemutengo-unoshanda. Kune muridzi wekambani uye mutungamiriri weboka semako akafanana naMark Thompson, kuyera mhando nemamiriro ekukwikwidza ari kutungamira. Haisi kungori nezve yekutanga mutengo weAsphalt zvinyorwa, asi zvakare nezvekuita kwenguva refu uyeMari yekugadzirisa.

Heino maitiro anoshanda kuneKusarudza iyo yakanaka asphalt:

1. Nzwisisa zvinodiwa purojekiti:

   • Traffic mutoro:The thepambiroTsigira mwenje, wepakati, kanakurema traffic? Nzvimbo dzepamusoro-traffic dzinoda kurovaasphalt musanganiswaneakakwirirakusimba.
   • Mamiriro ekunze:Funga nezve mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda. Kupisa kwakanyanya (zvese zvinopisa uye kutonhora), kunaya kwemvura, uye kusununguka-thaw-thaw clecle kuchapesvedzera sarudzo yeBitumengiredhi uyeAsphalt mhando. Semuenzaniso, aEpakati tembiricha asphalt blockinogona kunge yakakodzera kune mamwe macomputer uye maapplication.
   • Tarisiro yehupenyu:Ndeipi hupenyu hwunodiwa hwebasapambiro? Nguva refu lifespan inogona kururamisa yakakwira yekutanga mari yekudyara muPreemium zvinhu senge polymer-yakashandurwaasphalt.
   • Chairo chaicho:Ndeye chitsva heremugwagwa wekuvaka mugwagwa, Kugadziriswazve, Kubata, kana Kushandiswa Kwemiindasitiri Inyanzvi? Imwe neimwe inoda nzira dzakasiyana.

2. Ongorora akasiyana Asphalt mhando:

   • Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA):Zvakanakirakusimbauye nzvimbo dzakawanda-dzemagetsi, asi dzinogona kudhura pakutanga.
   • RONGA SXION SINASPHALT (WMA):Inopa zvakanaka kuita neyakaipoteredza uye inogona kubhadhara mari inobatsira nekuda kwekudziya kwekugadzira tembiricha.Inopa zvirinanikushanda.
   • Kutonhora kusanganisa asphalt (cma):Zvimwemutengo-unoshandayekugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi, nzvimbo dziri kure, kana nzira dzakaderera-traffic.Inoshandiswa pakudziya kwakadzika, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kumabasa madiki.
   • Yakagadziriswa Asphalt:Funga nezvezvinodaidzira zvekushandisa uko kwakavimbiswa kuita (i.e., kutambisa kuramba,kupengaKudzivisa) kwakakosha, kunyangwe kana mutengo wakakwira wakakwira.

3. Funga nezveMitengo Yemberi Yakareba:

   • Chakachipaasphaltsarudzo inogona kuchengetedza mari pakutanga asi inogona kutungamira kumusoroMari yekugadzirisauye ipfupi lifespan, pakupedzisira kubhadhara zvimwe. Kudyara mumhandoBitumenuye yakakodzeraAsphalt musanganiswaDhizaini dzinowanzo kubhadhara.
   • Chinhu mune mukana wekushandisadzoreredzwa asphalt(Rap), iyo inogona kuderedza mari yezvinhu uye ndeyeZvakatipoteredza ShamwariSarudzo.

4. Shanda nevatengesi vakavimbika:

   • Mutengesi anoziva (sesu!) Anogona kupa nhungamiro pane zvakanakisaasphaltkanaBitumenkune zvaunoda chaizvo uye bhajeti. Isu tinonzwisisa kuti "kukosha" kunosanganisira zvese mutengo nemhando. Isu tinoona zvigadzirwa zvedu, kungave kwakajairikaBitumenkana nyanzviasfirlts, sangana nemitemo yenyika.

Nekunyatsoongorora izvi zvinhu, mabhizinesi anogonagadzira yakanyanya kuziviswasarudzo, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti vatoremutengo-unoshanda asphaltmhinduro inoburitsa zvinodikanwa kuita uyekusimba.

10. Subscing yakakwira-mhando asphalt uye bitumen: Vatengi vanofanira kutsvaga?

Kune vatengi seMako Thompson, anotengaasphaltuyeBitumenZvigadzirwa kubva kudziviriro nyika dzichiri kusimukira senge china, inopa yakakwira-mhando zvinhu zvine chekuita nekunyanyisa kunetseka. Kunaka kweZvinyorwa zveRawzvakananga zvinokanganisa kubudirira kwemapurojekiti evatengi vake, kunyangwe ari aluminium anonhuwirira, masimbi mamiriyoni, kanaKuvaka mugwagwamakambani. Heano zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga kana uchisvika zvigadzirwa izvi:

• Kuongororwa Kwemhando uye Certification:Izvi hazvishamise. Vatengi vanofanirwa kuomerera pamhando dzakaringana dzekuongorora mishumo yezve batch yeasphaltkanaBitumen. Tarisa kune vatengesi vanoomerera kune dzidziso dzepasi rose (i.e., Astm, aashto, en). Certification seI ISO 9001 (yeMhando Yekutonga) uye Iso 14001 (yeZvipatara Manage) Zviratidzo Zvakanaka Zvekuzvipira kweMutengesi kune hunhu uye hune hunhu. Isu, semuenzaniso, kuzvishingisa isu pachedu kusimba kwemhando yekutonga kwemitsara yedu yekugadzira. "Kubiridzira kwehunyorwa inguva chaiyo yekurwadziwa," Mako akambondiudza. "Tinoda vatengesi vatengesi."
• Supporter mukurumbira uye ruzivo:Sarudza vatengesi vane ruzivo rwakanyorwa uye ruzivo rwekuburitsa kunzvimbo yako (USA, North America, Europe, Australia, nezvimwewo). Iyo fekitari yakatangwa inokwanisa kuve neyakawirirana kugadzirwa maitiro uye kunzwisisa kuoma kwezvinhu zvekutengeserana kwenyika. Kuverenga zviratidzo kana kukumbira kutaurwa kunogona kubatsira.
• Nhoroondo yehunyanzvi:Zvakajeka kutsanangura zvinodiwa nehunyanzvi ruzivo rweasphaltkanaBitumen. Izvi zvinosanganisira grade rezvipunziridzo, zvinyoro-nyoro, zvevisiko, uye chero zvipi zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekushandurwaasfirltskana zvigadzirwa zvine hunyanzvi. Ita shuwa kuti mutengesi anogona kugara achisangana nezvinhu izvi.
• Logistics uye Kutumira:Inoshanda zvinhu zvakakanganisika kuti udzivise kunonoka kunogona kukanganisa marongero ekugadzira. Kurukura mazwi ekutumira, nguva dzinotungamira, kurongedza (i.e., zvigubhu, yakawanda, kana mafomu akakosha sengeAsphalt poda), uye ruzivo rwemutengesi neInternationalt International. Mutengesi akavimbika anozotaurirana nezve chinzvimbo chekutakura.
• Kukurukurirana uye Kutsigirwa:Kukurukurirana kunoshanda kiyi kune yakatsetseka yekutengesa. Vamiriri vatengesi vatengesi vanofanirwa kuve vanoziva, kuteerera, uye kugona kugadzirisa mibvunzo yehunyanzvi. Izvi zvinobatsira mukudzivirira kusanzwisisana uye kugadzirisa chero nyaya nekukurumidza. Mako anowanzo simbisa kuti "kutaurirana zvisina kufanira kunogona kuve kunodhura seboka rakashata rezvinhu."
• Nzira dzekubhadhara:Ita shuwa pachena uye kuchengetedza nzira dzekubhadhara dzinowanikwa. Kurukura mazwi akajeka kumusoro.

Nekutarisa pane izvi zvikamu, vatengi vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya nengozi uye kuvaka hukama hwakasimba nevanhu vakavimbika vatengesi veasphaltuyeBitumen, Kuverengera ivo vanogashira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemutengi uye zvevatengi zvinotarisirwa.

.

The theAsphalt Indasitirihaisi static; zviri kuramba zvichimhanya nekufambira mberi mune asphalt tekinorojiyakanangwa pakuvandudza mashandiro, kusimba, uye mutengo-kushanda. Izvi zvigadzirwa zviri kuumba ramangwana reMigwagwa infirtureuye maitiro atinofunga nezvazvoasphaltuyeBitumen.

Zvimwe zvinonakidza zviitiko zvinosanganisira:

• Kuzvishora Asphalt:Vatsvagiri vari kukuraasfirltsizvo zvinogona kugadzirisa madiki madiki otomatiki. Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira kubatanidza microcaps zvine midzoroni kana masimbi mafudzi izvo, kana ichipiswa neinduction, nyungudikaBitumenkusimbisa masimbiso. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanyaMari yekugadzirisauye wedzerapambiroHupenyu.
• Migwagwa inogadzira simba:Mapurojekiti ekutyaira ari kuongororaAsphalt maPakementsyakanyorwa nePizoelectric makristasi ayo anogona kuburitsa magetsi kubva mukushushikana kwemuchina kwemotokari dzinopfuura. Ndichiri mumatanho ekutanga, izvi zvinogona kutendeuka migwagwa kuita manhamba esimba rinovandudzwa.
• Kutonhora Pavension:Izvi ndizvoasfirltsYakagadzirirwa kuratidza kuwedzera kwezuva renji uye kusimudzira mvura yekubuda kwemvura, ichidzora kupisa kwemhepo tembiricha. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza iyo Urban Heat Island mhedzisiro, yakaderera kuvaka simba kunwa kwekutonhora, uye kugadzirisa mweya wemhepo.
• Bio-Asphalt uye Bio-Binders:Kutsvaga kwakakosha kuri kuenda mukukudziridzaBitumenAlternatives kubva kusiri-peturuSource kunge lignin (kubva kune huni), microalgae, kana marara ekubikira mafuta. Aya Bio-Binder anotarisira kuumba zvimweZvakatipoteredza AsphaltSarudzo uye kuderedza kuvimba neFossil mafuta.
• Yakavandudzwa Recycling Nhungamiro:Inaivations iri kuvandudza kugona kushandisa yakakwira muzana yeDzoreredzwa asphalt paka(Rap) uye kudzoreredzwa asphalt shingles (ras) muNewasphalt musanganiswapasina kukanganisa kwekukanganisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirinani rejuvenator tekinoroji kudzoreredza zvivakwa zvekukweguraBitumen.
• Smart migwagwa ine yakamiswa sensors:Kubatanidza sensors mukatiAsphalt Laerinogona kupa chaiyo-nguva data pamamiriro ekufungidzira,pambirohutano, uyemamiriro ekunze, Kugonesa kugadziridza kugadziriswa uye kugadzirisa maneja emota.

IzviAsphalt Techelgilogiesratidza kuzvipira kusika zvakanyanya kusimba, uye kwakangwara, uye vakangwaraMigwagwa infirture. Sefekitori yakazvitsaurira kuburitsa yakakwirira-mhandoasphaltuye marashatarZvigadzirwa, isu tinonyatsotevera kufambira mberi uku. Kugamuchira tekinoroji matsva kunotitendera kupaZvirinani Kukodzerazvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvinodikanwa zvazvinoKuvaka mugwagwauye maindasitiri ekushandisa, pakupedzisira anopa kuti ave nanimhando yemugwagwauye ramangwana rinowedzera. Rwendo rweasphaltiri kure nekupfuura; irikudzorwa neunyanzvi.

Key Dealoways:

• Asphaltis a lindite yakagadzirwa neBitumen(binder) uyeAggregate, kunyanyaInoshandiswa mukuvakwa kwemugwagwa.
• Bitumenaviscous, dema, semi-yakasimba fomu yepeturu, kuita sewakakoshabindermukatiasphalt musanganiswa.
• Tar(zvakananga marashatar) inotorwa kubva kumarasha, makemikari akasarudzika kubvaBitumen, uye zvino yashandiswa zvimwe muindasitiri nyanzvi dzekushandiswa kwekushandisa kupfuura Generalkugadzira mugwagwa.
• Kune Vakasiyanamhando dze asphalt(Inopisa musanganiswa, unodziya musanganiswa,Kutonhora musanganiswa asphalt, Porous, yakagadziridzwa) yakarongedzwa kuti zvibodzwa zvakasiyana, magumo, uye mitoro yemigwagwa.
• Asphaltisimba mukatiKuvaka mugwagwanekuda kwayokusimba, kuchinjika, kudzokorora, uyemutengo-unoshandazvisikwa.
• Kana uchine mvuraasphaltkanaBitumen.
• The theAsphalt Indasitirihaina kunaka, nekufambira mberi senge kuzvishoraasfirlts, Nzvimbo dzinotonhorera, uye Bio-Binders inovavarira zvakanyanya uye yakasimbaMigwagwa infirture.
• KunzwisisaMisiyano Yakakoshauyezvivakwa uye zvinoshandiswayezvinhu izvi zvinobatsira mukatikusarudza kodzerosarudzo kune cheroBasa rekuvaka, kubhadhara mari uye kuita.