Kugaragaza imbaraga za coal tar tarch: Igitabo cyuzuye

Murakaza neza! Ndi Allen, kandi mu ruganda rwanjye mu Bushinwa, ufite imirongo irindwi yo kubyara, twabaye ku isonga mu gukora no kohereza hanzeAmakara ya Tar na Countroleumimyaka myinshi. Iyi ngingo yinamye muri kimwe mu bicuruzwa byacu bikomeza imfuruka:Amakara Tar. Uziga kubyerekeye ibigize, uko byakozwe, byinshi bikoreshwa, n'impamvu ningirakamaro kuburyo bwinganda kwisi yose, harimo kubakiriya nka Mark Thompson muri USA. Niba ushaka kumva ibikoresho bihuriyeho, ukurikije uruhare muri aluminium bishonga kubaka umuhanda, uri ahantu heza. Aka gatabo gakwiye gusoma kuko biteye ubwobaAmakara Tar, Gutanga Ubushishozi Bitubonye Uwakoze Uwakozwe, abwira impungenge zimwe, kandi agaragaza akamaro kayo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukomeye amakara tar? Gupakurura ibihimbano byayo

Iyo tuvuzeAmakara Tar, turimo kuvuga ku mubyimba, umukara, cyangwa umwijima-brown-brown-brown-brown-brown-brownibisigisigi. Ni ibisigaye nyuma yagutandukana kwa coal tarcyangwa gutandukanya ibiceCoal Coal Tar. Tekerezacoal tarubwayo nka abyqroductyo gukoracokeKuvaamakara ya bituminiusiMugihe cyo kwishyurwa cyanecokeITANGAZO. Ibicoal tarni uruvange rugoye, rurimo amagana, ndetse n'ibihumbi, imitiibice. Theikibugaagace ni igice kiremereye muri uku kuvanga.

Theibigize amakara tar tarni mbere na mbere kuvanga PolycyClicimpumuroyaHydrocarbone (pahs), hamwe na beteroteri yabo hamwe nibisigazwa bya alkylated. IbiIbigo bya Aromaticnicyo gitangaAmakara Tarimitungo yayo idasanzwe. MugiheIbigize Amakaranaikibugairashobora gutandukana bitewe ninkomoko yaamakarana karubilisation itunganijwe, muri rusange ikubiyemo ibintu nkabenzene, phenol, Naphthalene, naYamazakimu bice byoroshye, hamwe naikibugakuba bigoyePolyMoriWationibicuruzwa byinshi muribi. Ni byiza cyaneviscousAmazi ahantu hazamuwe cyane ariko ahinduka ubushyuhe bwicyumba. YayoPoftening Pointni urufunguzo ruranga gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwaikibuga.

Nkurugi, twitondera cyane kuri iyi mitungo. Kurugero, umukiriya nka Mark Thompson, amasokocoal tarIbicuruzwa kuri porogaramu zitandukanye, harimo na aluminium hamwe na mills yicyuma, byishingikiriza ku bwiza buhoraho bwaikibuga. Uruvange rwihariye rwaIbigo bya AromaticKugena ibyo bikwiranye nka abindercyangwa kubindi bikoresho. Theikibugaahaniniibidashobokamumazi ariko irashobora gushonga mu kagaibicuruzwankaPyridinecyangwabenzene. Gusobanukirwa iyi kamere igoye niyo ntambwe yambere mugushima kukiAmakara Tarni ngombwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi. Turemeza ibyacuAmakara menshiyujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho.

Nigute amakara tar tal? Kureba inzira yo gukora

ThegukorayaAmakara Tarni inzira yumvikana itangirana nayocoal tar, nkuko nabivuze, ni akubicuruzwayabonetse kuva karubone yaamakarakubyaracoke. Mubikoresho byacu, dutangirana cyaneCoal Coal Tar. Iyi tar noneho ikorwa kugabanuka. Tekereza gushyushya Uwitekacoal tarbuhoro; BitandukanyeibiceMuri byo bizahagarika ku bushyuhe butandukanye. Amavuta yoroshye, nkamavuta yoroheje (arimobenzene, toluene, xylene), amavuta ya karbolic (arimophenolna crels),Naphthaleneamavuta, gukaraba amavuta, naYamazakiAmavuta, akusanywa nkibice bitandukanye.

Niki gisigaye inyuma yiyi ngingo zihindagurika zavanyweho niAmakara Tar. Ibiibisigisigini kure cyaneagacekandi ifite hejuruPoftening Point. Ubugero bwo gutandukanya bugena imiterere yumukino wanyumaikibuga, nkayovicositynasofteningibiranga. Turashobora kugenzura inzira yo kubyara amanota atandukanye yaikibuga, harimo byoroshye, giciriritse, cyangwa gikomeyeikibuga, bihujwe kubisabwa byinganda. Kurugero, theikibugayagenewe kuba abindermurigukora electrodeakeneye ibintu byihariye.

Inzira yose irakurikiranwa neza kugirango ireme ubuziranenge nubudahuriro ryaAmakara Tar. Ibi birimo kugenzura ubushyuhe no gutandukanya neza ibice bitandukanye bya disalate. IbisubizoikibugaUrashobora gutungwa cyane, wenda mubice cyangwa bihagarara, kugirango byoroshye gukorerwa abakiriya bacu muri Amerika, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya. Kwemeza kwizerwagukoraInzira ni urufunguzo kuko inganda ziterwa nibi bikoresho. Kurugero,gukinisha, ikindi gicuruzwa cyingirakamaro, gikomoka kurundi rwego rwo kuvuraAmakara Tar. Intego niho kugirango bimure byinshi bya buriagace Byakozwe mu makara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwibanze bwo gukoresha amakara nigitambaro byayo?

TheGukoresha AmakaraKandi bakomokaho,Amakara Tar, batandukanye bidasanzwe, bakora ku mirenge myinshi inganda. Amateka,coal taryakoreshejwe no gukora imiti, kubyemera cyangwa utabyemera, kuvura ibintu byuruhu nkaprimosisnaeczemamuburyo bwa ointhoment, amavuta, nashampoo. No muri iki gihe, imiti zimweshampoosbikubiyemocoal tarGufasha hamweDandruffna scalpprimosis. Ariko, ubwinshi bwaAmakara TarYakozwe kwisi yose akeneye ibikenewe munganda.

Kimwe mu by'ingenzi cyanegukoresha amakara tar tarni nkabinder. Nibyizabinderkubikoresho bya karubone, bigatuma ari ngombwa muriGukora karubone na fototroteku mashanyaraziIbikoresho bya ARCikoreshwa mu kwicyuma no kuriamedemuriInganda za aluminium(byumwiharikoaluminium). Theikibugaifasha gufatacokeibice hamwe kandi bitanga inyungu ikenewe amashanyarazi n'imbaraga kuriubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Turatanga kandiuburyo butandukanye, harimo na flake na block, kugirango uhuze niyi nzira yo gukora. Ibindi Byingenzi Kuriikibanza kirimoGukoresha muriAmavuta yo hejurunairangiimiterere, itanga ibintu byiza bidasanzwe kandi birwanya periyasi. ByakoreshejwepaveImihanda no mubikoresho byo gusakara kubera kuramba no kurwanya amazi.

Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwihariye bwaikibuga, nkagukinisha, zitangwa kubisabwa bisaba ibikubiyemo bya karubone hamwe numwanda muto, nko murigushirainganda cyangwa nka karubone zikongewe mumusaruro wibyuma. Ibisobanuro byaAmakara Tarbivuze ko amanota yihariye yateguwe kubikoreshwa. Kurugero, softerikibugabirashobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha amazi, mugihe gitoikibugahamwe no hejuruPoftening Pointirakenewe kurielectrodegukora. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ubumwe bukomeye no kurwanya ibidukikije bikaze biteraAmakara TarIbikoresho ko, nubwo amateka yacyo kirekire, akomeza kuba ngombwa. Ndetse tubona ibisabwa byihariye bya asfalt, dusangira inkomoko yibikoresho, nkatweIbicuruzwa byihariye bya Ashalt kumavuta.

Kuki amakara tar picec cyane muri aluminium n'inganda?

Amakara Tarugira uruhare runini rwose nka abindermuriInganda za aluminiumno gukora ibyuma. Reka tubanje kuganira kuri aluminium. Umusaruro wa mbere aluminimu wishingikiriza kuri salle-héroult gahunda, irimo kugabanya amashanyarazi ya alumina. Iyi nzira isaba karubone niniamede. Ibiamedebakoreshwa mugihe cyo gushonga, kandiAmakara Tarnibinderkuri peterolicokecyangwagukinishaigiteranyo gikora ibiamede. Ubwiza bwaikibugabigira ingaruka itaziguye imikorere nubuzima bwaanode, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yaaluminium. Ibintu by'ingenzi nk'agaciro gakomeye ko gukingirwasulfuren'ivu) nibyinshi.

Mu nganda z'ibyuma,Amakara Tarni ingenzi kubishushanyo mboneraelectrode. Ibielectrodebikoreshwa mumashanyaraziIbikoresho bya ARC(EAFS) Gushonga Steel Steel no kubyara ibyuma bishya. EAFS ikora cyaneubushyuhe bwo hejuru, naelectrodeUgomba kwihanganira ibi bihe mugihe utanga imishinga myiza y'amashanyarazi.Amakara TarIbyakozwe nkabinderkuricokeibice (kenshiCoke) ikoreshwa mugushushanya ibishushanyoelectrode. Ikoreshwa kandi murigukorayaKugaruraibikoresho, bikenewe kugirango ufateitanuraubwabo, kubarinda ubushyuhe bukabije. Theikibugakarubone mugihe cyo guteka cyaelectrodecyangwaKugaruraamatafari, gukora ubumwe bwa karubone.

Kubakiriya nka Mark Thompson, batanga izo nganda, guhuzagurika no kwiza kwaAmakara Tarntibiganirwaho. Itandukaniro rito muriikibugaubuziranenge burashobora kuganisha kubibazo bikomeye murielectrodeimikorere, nko kongera ibiciro byo gukoresha cyangwa no gutsindwa. Niyo mpamvu, kuruganda rwacu, twubahiriza ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kuri buri cyiciro cyaAmakara TaryageneweInganda za aluminiumcyangwa impengamiro. Icyifuzo cyo kweza hejuruikibugahamweIngingo zoroshyeKandi indangagaciro zituma dukomeza kwibandaho neza muri tweKutandukanya amakaratar.

Gushakisha amakara tar tarch yo gusakara no gusaba amazi

Kurenga ibyifuzo byubushyuhe byimbitse,Amakara Tarifite amateka maremare kandi meza mugusa no gusakara no gusaza. Ibintu byayo bibangamiye amazi bituma bihitamo kwinshi mugushiraho kuramba no kurara burundugutwikirasisitemu. Iyo ikoreshwa mubyemejwe (bur) sisitemu, ibice byaAmakara Tarbasimbuye imyenda yo gushimangira kugirango ireme ibintu bikomeye, monolithicleproof idasanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwaigisengeizwiho kuramba nubushobozi bwo kwizirikana uturere duto, cyane cyane muburyo bwo gusakara cyangwa buhamye.

TheviscousKamere yo gushyuhaAmakara TarEmerera gutembera mu kadomo no mu myambaro, gutanga uburinzi buhebuje ku kibazo cy'amazi. Birwanya kandi imiti myinshi no gukura imizi, niyo mpamvu akenshi itoneshwa nibisenge bya Plaza nibisenge bibi. Theikibugaikora ubumwe bukomeye, bufatika kuri substrate zitandukanye. Mugihe ibikurikira ubundi buryo bugezweho,Amakara Tar-Byumugaragaro biracyagaragara kumishinga isaba imikorere mikuru nubuzima burebure, cyane cyane aho amazi meza ari impungenge, nkaAmakara Tarntabwo yangiritse kubera igihe kirekirekwerekanwaku mazi.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukoreshaAmakara TarMuri ibi bikorwa bisaba gukemura neza kuberakwerekanwaImpungenge, nzakoraho nyuma. Theikibugaakeneye gushyuha kubushyuhe bwihariye kugirango ugere iburyovicositykuri porogaramu. Ibisubizogutwikirani bikomeye kandi birahangana. Mugihe ibara ry'umukara rishobora kuganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibi birashobora kugabanya impungenge hamwe n'incatike. Kuri twe, gukoraikibugabikwiranye nibiAmavuta yo hejurubisobanura kwemeza iburyoPoftening Pointn'ibiranga ibiranga, bitandukanye na gatoikibugaByakoreshejweelectrode. Aka gaciro muriUbwoko bw'ikibugani Ikimenyetso cyacoal targutunganya.

Hari amanota atandukanye ya coal tar? Gusobanukirwa ubushyuhe butandukanye

Yego rwose!Amakara Tarntabwo ari ingano-ihuye - ibikoresho byose. Ishyizwe mubikorwa mumanota atandukanye ashingiye cyane cyanePoftening Point, n'ubushyuhe buriikibugaitangira koroshya no gutemba mubihe byihariye. Uyu mutungo ni ngombwa kuko utegeka uburyoikibugaizitwara mugukoresha-gukoresha. Thegutandukana kwa coal tarirashobora kugenzurwa kugirango itange umusaruroikibugahamwe nurwego runini rwaIngingo zoroshye.

Mubisanzwe dushyira mu byiciroAmakara Tarmuri:

• Ikibuga cyoroshye:Ubu bwoko bufite hepfoPoftening Point. Birakoreshwa cyane kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubisabwa nka tar standrooong, tar yumuhanda, hamwe nubwoko bumweiranginagutwikiraaho guhinduka ari ngombwa.
• Ubushyuhe bwo hagati:Iyi ni urwego rutandukanye. IbyacuUbushyuhe bwo Hagati AsfaltIbicuruzwa biri muriki cyiciro, bikwiranye nibisanzwe bihuza, harimo na bimweKugaruraibicuruzwa no kudahinduka.
• Ikibanza gikomeye (Ikibuga kinini cyubushyuhe):Ibiikibugaifite hejuruPoftening Pointkandi ni uguswera cyane kubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ni ngombwa kubisabwa bisaba imbaraga zisumba izindi no gutuza ahantu heza, nkagukora electrodeku balumunum n'inganda (Amashanyarazi na Graprote), no kubyara ubuziranengegukinisha. Ibyacuubushyuhe bwinshini pleaded kugirango ibyo bisabwa bikoreshe.

Kurenga UwitekaPoftening Point, ibindi biranga nkibiciro bya couki (ingano yaIbisigisigi bya karuboneIbumoso nyuma yo gushyushya), Quinline udahujijeAmakara Tarkubikorwa byihariye. Kurugero,electrodeGukora bisaba aikibugahamwe nagaciro gake hamwe nivu rito kandisulfureibirimo. Nkumutungo, dukorana cyane nabakiriya nka Mark Thompson kumva ibyo bakeneye kandi tukatangaUbwoko bw'ikibugaibyo rwose bihuye nibisobanuro byabo, haza neza imikorere myiza mubikorwa byabo, haba kurialuminiumcyangwa gukora byihariyebunders.

Gutesha amakara tar tarch: Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bigomba gufata?

Kubaguzi nka Mark Thompson, niwe nyir'isosiyete kandi nanone ushinzwe gutanga amasoko, vestuckaAmakara TarKuva kubatanga amakuru mpuzamahanga nkatwe mubushinwa bikubiyemo ibitekerezo byinshi. Ikimenyetso gifite ireme-cyiza ariko nanone gishakisha ibiciro byapiganwa, impirimbanyi rusange mumasoko ya B2B. Ibibanza bye nyamukuru bigura ni ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kandi akenshi abona abatanga binyuze mu imurikagurisha na Google irashakisha.

Dore ibintu byingenzi ikimenyetso, kandi rwose umuguzi, agomba kwibandaho:

1. Kugenzura neza no guhuzagurika:Ibi ni ibyingenzi. TheikibugaUgomba Guhora uhuza ibisobanuro bisabwa -Poftening Point, Guhangana Agaciro, Qi, Ti, Ibirimo Ivu, nibindi. Gusaba ingero zo kwipimisha no kwemeza ko utanga isoko afite ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura ni ngombwa. Ku ruganda rwanjye, dushimangira imirongo 7 yumusaruro no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga kugirango tubyemeza.
2. Impamyabumenyi:Abaguzi bagomba gushakisha abatanga isoko bafite ibyemezo bijyanye, nka msupimo ngenderwaho mu micungire myiza no kubahiriza ibidukikije. Kubwamahirwe, Mark yahuye nuburiganya bwicyemezo cya mbere nabandi batanga ibitekerezo, byerekana ko bikenewe umwete. Buri gihe dutanga inyandiko zikoreshwa kandi zifatika.
3. Ibikoresho no kohereza ibicuruzwa:Gutinda kohereza birashobora kubyaza umusaruro ukabije, ingingo ikomeye ya Mariko. Ibikoresho byizewe, harimo gupakira neza (urugero, gucamo ibice, cyangwa gushonga mubikoresho byihariye), kubohereza ku gihe, no gushyikirana ku gihe, ni ngombwa. Twoherejwe muri Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya, rero dufite uburambe mu gucunga ibikoresho mpuzamahanga bigoye.
4. Itumanaho hamwe na Utanga:Mark yagize uruhare rudakora hamwe nabahagarariye kugurisha. Itumanaho risobanutse, ryihuta, kandi ryakozwe mubuhanga ni ngombwa. Nubwo Mark ari mubumenyi mubicuruzwa, abuze ubuhanga bwa tekiniki muriAmakara Tar, kugira utanga isoko ushobora gusobanura amakuru ya tekiniki ni ingirakamaro. Itsinda ryanjye kandi nharanira kuba abafatanyabikorwa, ntabwo ari abatanga gusa.
5. Uburyo bwo kwishyura:Amagambo yo kwishyura afite umutekano kandi atemewe ni ngombwa mu kubaka ikizere no korohereza ibikorwa neza.
6. Gusobanukirwa Iherezo-Gukoresha:Utanga isoko mwiza agomba kumva uburyo ibyaboAmakara Tarbizakoreshwa (urugero, kurielectrode, Kugaruraibikoresho,IHURIRO) Kugirango babone amanota akwiye kandi batange inama zingirakamaro. Aha niho ubuhanga bwacu buza, bufasha abakiriya guhitamo uburenganziraUbwoko bw'ikibuga.
7. Ibiciro:Mugihe ubwiza ari urufunguzo, ibiciro byo guhatanira nabyo ni umushoferi. Abaguzi bakunze kugereranya amagambo, ariko ni ngombwa gusuzuma igiciro cyose cya nyirububwo, harimo ubuziranenge, kwizerwa, hamwe nibibazo bifitanye isano nibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa abatanga isoko batizewe.

Gukemura ibibazo bifasha kubaka umubano wigihe kirekire. Iyo Mariko yitabiriye imurikagurisha, aya ni ingingo arimo gusuzuma iyo yujuje ibishobora gutangaAmakara TarnaCotroleum Coke.

Hanze yikibuga: Ni ibihe bindi bice byingirakamaro bigize amakara?

MugiheAmakara Tarni inyenyeriibisigisigiKuvaAmakara Tardillation, imigendekere yoroshye yakuwe muriki gikorwa nacyo gifite agaciro.Coal tarni ubutunziIbigo bya Aromatic, kandi utandukane bituma bituma bituma imiti myinshi yimitima. Ibi bice birazirikana kubushyuhe butandukanye.

Bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi, cyangwa bibi, byabonetse mbere yuko tugera kuriikibugaShyiramo:

• Amavuta yoroheje (kugeza 170 ° C):Ibiagaceikubiyemobenzene, Toluene, na Xylenes (BTX), nibice byibanze byubaka inganda za shimi, bikoreshwa mugukora plastiki, reberi ya synthique, dyes, naibicuruzwa. Irimo kandi bimwePyridineibishingwe.
• Amavuta ya karbolic cyangwa amavuta yo hagati (170 ° C - 230 ° C):Ibi bikungahaye muriphenol, Creol, na xylenol, hamwe bizwi nka tar acide.Phenolni imiti yibikorwa byingenzi byakoreshwaga kugirango bigerweho (nka Bakelite), Bisphenol a (kubi Polcarbonates na Epoxctam), na Nynolactam (kuri Nynolactam (kuri Nylen). IbiagaceHarimo kandiNaphthalene.
• Amavuta ya Naphthalene (200 ° C - 250 ° C):Nkuko izina ryerekana, iyi niyo soko yambere yaNaphthalene. Naphthaleneikoreshwa mu gukora phthalic anhydride (kuri plastizizer, ibyoherejwe, na dyes), kimwe na mothiball, abasiba, nibindi biti.
• Karaba Amavuta (230 ° C - 290 ° C):Ibiagaceikoreshwa nkumukozi wa scrubbing kugirango ashobore kwikuramobenzenen'izindi sahaIbigo bya Aromatickuva gaze ya Coke. Irimo ibiramba byo hejuruNaphthaleneIbikomoka ku bindiIbigo bya Aromatic.
• Amavuta ya Latthracene cyangwa amavuta yicyatsi (290 ° C - 360 ° C na Hejuru):Aya ni amavuta aremereyeagacembereikibuga. Ni isoko yibanze yaYamazaki, Fenanthrene, na Carbazole.Yamazakiikoreshwa mugukora anthraquimone, ibanziriza irangi. Aya mavuta ubwayo arashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango abungabunge ibiti (nkigice cyaCreosote na Coal-tarimvange) cyangwa nkibitabo byo kubyara carbone umukara.

Gutandukana neza no kweza ibi bice ni ngombwa kugirango bigabanye agaciro kakomokaCoal Coal Tar. Buriurugandacyangwa itsinda ryaibiceikora amasoko yihariye, kandi gukira kwabo bigira uruhare runini mubukungu rusange bwaamakaragutunganya. Rero, iyo tuvuzecoal tar, birenze byinshi kuruta gusaikibuga; Nibintu bigoye byimiti myinshi yingenzi.

Gusobanukirwa guhura nakazi kumakara tar: umutekano ubanza

Umutekano ni ikintu kitoroshye mugihe ukorana naAmakara Tar, cyane cyaneGuhura. Amakara Tar pitch ihishe(CTPVS) - Imvumbe n'umukungugu urekuwe iyoikibugairashyuha cyangwa ikorerwa - irimo polycyclicimpumuroyaHydrocarbone (pahs), zimwe murizo zizwi cyangwa ukekwaho kubakarcinorogens. Rero, gucungaKugaragaza amakara tar tarni ibyingenzi byimbere munganda aho byakoreshejwe.

Guhurairashobora kubahoguhumekay'umwotsi n'umukungugu,Guhuza umutwehamwe nibikoresho, cyangwa kwinjirira (nubwo bidasanzwe). Kurera cyangwa birenzekwerekanwairashobora kuganisha ku ngaruka zidasanzwe zubuzima. Igihe gitokwerekanwaBirashobora guteraKurakara uruhu, ijishokurakara, naUbuhu bw'Ubuhumekero. Imirasire yizuba irashobora kuzamura iminyururu kuruhu (gufotora) kubantu ku giti cyabo bahuyecoal taribicuruzwa. Igihe kirekirekwerekanwa, cyane cyane kuri CTPVS, yahujwe nibyago byiyongera byakanseri, harimokanseri y'uruhu, ibihaha, uruhago, n'impyikokanseri. Ikigo Mpuzamahanga rw'ubushakashatsi kuri kanseri (IARC)Amakara Tarnk'itsinda 1Carcinogen(kansege ku bantu).

Kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye naGuhura na Coal Tar, aho bakorera mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo kugenzura:

• Igenzura ry'ubwubatsi:Ibi birimo gukoresha sisitemu zifunze, guhumeka kwaho gufata imyotsi ku isoko, kandi ibikoresho byo gutunganya neza.
• Igenzura ry'ubuyobozi:Kugabanya igihe abakozi bamara ahantu hafite ubushobozikwerekanwa, gutanga amahugurwa kumyitozo yo gukemura neza, kandi ushireho uburyo busobanutse.
• Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (PPE):Ibi ni ngombwa kandi bikubiyemo ibihumeka (cyane cyane iyo ushyushyaikibuga), uturindantoki-turwanya imiti, kurenza urugero, no kurinda amaso kugirango birindeGuhuza umutwenaguhumeka.
• Gukurikirana ubuzima:Kugenzura ubuzima buringaniye kubakozi bafite ubushobozikwerekanwa.

Nubwocoal taryakoreshejwe mumiti imwe n'imweIndwara Yuruhunkaprimosisnaeczema. Ingandakwerekanwani ikintu gitandukanye kandi kigomba gucungwa neza. Nkumukoraho ushinzwe, twemeza ko abakozi bacu barinzwe, kandi dutanga impapuro zamakuru (SDS) kubakiriya bacu nka Mark Thompson, harasobanuye uburyo bwo gutunganya neza.Amakara Taribicuruzwa. Uku kwiyemeza kumutekano ningirakamaro kuko mugihe gitoAmakara Tarni ibintu byingirakamaro bidasanzwe, uburyo bwabwo busaba kubaha no kubahiriza protocole yumutekano kugirango birindeUbuzima Bwizaibisubizo.

Ejo hazaza h'amakara tar: Guhangashya no kwiyemeza

Nka nyiri uruganda mu Bushinwa, I, Allen, reba ejo hazazaAmakara TarIbyo bikozwe n ibishya no kwibanda kwibanda ku kuramba. Mugihe ari ibintu gakondo, imitungo yihariye, cyane cyane nka abindermuburyo bwo hejuru cyane hamwe na kabuhariweIHURIRO, menya neza akamaro. Disiki yo gukora neza munganda nkaaluminiumno gukora inganda bisobanura icyifuzo kirenze urugeroikibugahamwe nibiranga byihariye - munsiPahsIbirimo aho bishoboka, komeza indangagaciro, nibindi byinshimesophaiterambere ryibikoresho bya karubone.

Guhanga udushya muriAmakara TarGutunganya bishobora kuba bikubiyemo uburyo bworoshye bwo gutandukanya kugirango bukosore uduce duto, cyangwa impinduka kuriikibugaubwayo kugirango wongere imikorere cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwo gukoraikibugahamwe nuburyo bugenzurwa na molecular cyangwa guteza imbere bishyaPolyMoriWationTekinike irashobora gukurura "umushushanya"ikibugaIbicuruzwa kubisabwa niche. Hariho kandi imirimo ikomeje kandi mu nganda kugirango igabanyeimyukaurwego mugihe cyo gukoresha, cyane cyaneAmakara Tar pitch ihishe. Ibi birimo ibishushanyo byiza, uburyo bunoze uburyo bwo gutunganya, no gutoranyaimyuka.

Ubwitange bwacu kuri Zgfty nugukomeza kuba utanga isoko yizeweIbicuruzwa byiza byamakara, harimoAmakara Tar, peterolicoke, nayahinduwe asfalt. Dushora imari mumirongo ya 13 yumuntu kugirango tumenye neza kandi imico yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Twumva impungenge z'abakiriya nka Mark Thompson yerekeye ibikoresho bihamye, byizewe, hamwe n'itumanaho rikora. Dutabira cyaneimurikagurishaGuhuza nabakiriya no kugumaho kumenyera inganda. Twizera ko twibanda ku miterere yimiterere, inganda zishinzwe (aderesiGuhuran'ibidukikije bifite impungenge), kandi abakiriya bakeneye,Amakara Tarbizakomeza kuba ibikoresho byingenzi. Ikibazo ni ukugereranya inganda zikenewe hamwe no kuba igisonga cyibidukikije hamwe numutekano wingabo, ikibazo twiyemeje guhura. Iterambere ry'ikirerekaruboneIbicuruzwa, biva muri Hejuruikibuga, nazo zitwara icyifuzo kizaza.

Urugendo runyuze mwisi yaAmakara Tarihishura ibikoresho byombi bya kera mu nkomoko yayo (nka abyqroductyaamakaraGutunganya) kandi bidasanzwe bigezweho mugusaba. Kuva Gutanga umusaruro wa Aluminium na Icyuma kugirango urinde Inzego zirambaIHURIRO, kugereranya kwayo ntibihakana.

Ibyingenzi bifata kwibuka:

• Amakara Tarni umukara,ibisigazwa bya viscousKuvaAmakara Tardillation, abakire muri polycyclicimpumuroyahydrocarbone (pahs).
• Nibikorwa byakozwe muburyo butandukanyegutandukana kwa coal tar, ibyo ubwabyo ni abyqroductyacoke gukoraKuvaamakara ya bituminiusi.
• Urufunguzogukoresha amakara yamakara arimoNkumunengabindermurigukora electrodekuri aluminium n'inganda, muriKugaruraIbikoresho, Igisenge, Kuringaniza, nairangi/gutwikiraPorogaramu.
• Amanota atandukanye abaho (yoroshye, hagati, ubushyuhe / ubushyuhe bwo hejuru) bushingiye kuriPoftening Pointnibindi bintu, bihujwe nuburyo bukoreshwa nkaaluminiumanode cyangwa umuhandaAmavuta yo hejuru.
• GutereranaAmakara Tarbisaba kwitondera ubwiza, impamyabumenyi, ibikoresho, itumanaho ritanga, no gusobanukirwaGuhuraingaruka.
• Coal tarnanone ibindi bice byingirakamaro nkabenzene, phenol, Naphthalene, naAmavuta ya Lantthracene, ingenzi ku nganda z'imiti.
• Umutekano nicyiza: Gukemuraguhura nama coal tartch volicareni ngombwa kubera ingaruka zishobora kubaho, harimokanseri, bisaba kugenzura ubuhanga, PPE, hamwe nibikorwa byakazi.
• AhazazaAmakara TarKubeshya mu gukomeza guhanga udushya kubwinshi, amanota yihariye, nuburyo burambye bwo gukora.

Nkuko Allen, nishimiye kuyobora uruganda rutanga ibikoresho byingenzi byinganda. Twumva ibyo abakiriya bakeneye nka Mark Thompson kandi biyeguriye kudatanga ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ni ibisubizo no kwizerwa.Amakara Tar, hamwe nihariyebinderUbushobozi nibindi bintu, bizakomeza kuba ibikoresho shingiro mumyaka myinshi iri imbere.