Gusobanukirwa amakara tarch pitch ihindagurika munganda za aluminium: Igitabo cyuzuye

Amakara Tar pitch Ihishe (CTPVS)ni ingingo igoye, cyane cyaneGuhuraInganda zikundaaluminiumgushonga. Niba ufite uruhare mugutanga amasoko, nka Mark Thompson wo muri Amerika, cyangwa akazi mumirenge yigangira ibicuruzwa byamakara, gusobanukirwa ubushoboziibyagonuburyo bwo gucunga ni ngombwa. Iyi ngingo igamije gushushanya CTPV, muganire ku ngaruka zabyo, kandi uganire ku buryo uhuza no gutunganya no gukemura, nk'ibikoresho byiza dukora ku ruganda rwacu, birashobora kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by'akazi bihendutse. Tuzasenya ikiNioshKandi izindi nzego zivuga, kandi ni ukubera iki aya makuru ari ngombwa mubikorwa byawe n'imibereho myiza yabakozi bawe. Kubantu bose bakuramo ibikoresho ahoCtpvsbirashobora kuba impungenge, cyangwa kubishaka gusa kubyumvaibintuIbyiza, iki gitabo kizatanga ubushishozi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukwiriye coal tarch ihindagurika (ctpvs)?

Urashobora kwibaza, ibi ni ibikiAmakara Tar pitch ihishe(CTPVS) Twumva? Muri make,Ctpvsni uruvange rugoye rwumukungugu, imyuka, na gaze barekuwe mugihe amakara yamakara cyangwa amakara yamakara ashyushye. Ibigushyushya amakarani inzira rusange muburyo butandukanye bwinganda. Amakara yonyine ni amazi menshi, yumukara, ibicuruzwa byaagahinday'amakara yo gutanga umusarurocokecyangwa gaze y'amakara. Iyo aya makara yamakara arirubanwa, kurugero, kugirango akore ikibuga, izi shusho zikozwe. IbigizeCtpvsirashobora gutandukana, ariko bazwi cyane kuba bafite urwego rwaPolycyclic Hydrocarbone(Pahs).

IbiPahsni itsinda rya 100 zitandukanyeimitiibice, byinshi muribyo birebaUbuzima bw'ibidukikije. Bimwe muburyo bwihariyePahsbikunze kubonekaCtpvsshyiramo amazina amenyerewe kubari muriinganda, nkapyrene, Yamazaki, naphenantthrene. Ni ngombwa kubyumvaAmakara tar ikoreshwaMu nzego nyinshi, no kurekurwa kw'ibiIhindagurikanigice cyihariye cyibikorwa birimo ubushyuhe bwayo. Nk'uruganda rwihariyeUruganda rurerure rufite igikojo hamwe n'abatanga isoko, tuzi neza imiterere yibi bikoresho n'akamaro ko gusobanukirwa ibiranga. Impungenge zibanza hamweCtpvsbivuka mubushobozi bwaGuhuran'ubuzima bujyanyeibyago.

Kuki guhura kukazi kuri CTPV bihangayikishije cyane?

Impamvu y'ibanzeGuhuraKuriCtpvsni impungenge zikomeye ziterwa na yaboCarcinogenicimitungo. Benshi muriPahsimbereAmakara Tar pitch ihishebashyizwe mubikorwa nkuko bizwi cyangwa bakekwaho kuba umuntukarcinorogens. Ibi bivuze ko hejuru cyangwa urwego rwo hejurukwerekanwairashobora kongera ibyago byo guteza imbere ubwoko bumwe bwakanseri. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubushakashatsi kuri kanseri (IARC), igice cy'umuryango w'ubuzima ku isi, gifite amakara ya Tardice Tar nka Carcinogenic kubantu (itsinda rya 1). Ibi ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo gufatanwa uburemere, kandi gishimangira ko hakenewe igenzura rikurikiraho mukazi ahoKugaragaza amakara tar tarbirashoboka.

Birenze ibyago byakanseri, kwerekanwaKuriCtpvsirashobora gushikana kurwego rwabandiIngaruka z'ubuzima bivamomuri byombiBirakwiye kandi karandeimiterere. Ibi birashobora gushiramo uburakari no gufotora (gutuma uruhu rwumva urumuri rwizuba), kimwe nibibazo byubuhumekero. Abakoziguhura namakaraIbicuruzwa bya tar birashobora guhura nibimenyetso nko gukorora, kunyeganyega, cyangwa bronchite. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa no gucunga Uwitekaibyagobifitanye isanoCtpvsntabwo ari ngombwa gusa usabwa ahubwo ni itegeko ryo kurinda umukoziUbuzima n'umutekano. Intego yaho ni ugugabanyakwerekanwakugeza kurwego rwo hasi.

Ni izihe nganda, cyane cyane umusaruro wa aluminium, guhangana na CTPV guhura n'ingaruka?

Inganda nyinshi zirimo inzira zishobora kuganishaGuhuraKuriAmakara Tar pitch ihishe. Imwe mubyingenzi ni iyimbereUmusaruro wa Aluminum. Inaluminium, cyane cyane gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Söderg cyangwa mu Musaruro wa Anodes wanditse, amakara tar akoreshwa nka fander kurikaruboneAkode. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugira uruhare muribi bikorwa biganisha ku gukora amasaha yaPahs. Ibi bikoraaluminiumGukora igice cyingenzi cyo kwibanda ku micungire ya CTPV.

Izindi nganda zifite ubushoboziCTPVSIngaruka zirimo:

• Cokeibikorwa: abakozi kuricokeibihingwa biri mu baturage bize cyane kuriCTPVSn'ingaruka z'ubuzima.
• Amakara ya Coal Tarlilation: Aho amakara ya peal atunganyirizwa mukibuga,Creosote, n'ibindi bicuruzwa.
• Igisenge: Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byamakara bishingiye kuri FlatigisengeAmazi arashobora kurekuraCtpvs, cyane cyane iyo ashyushye.
• Paving: bimwe byihariyeasfaltGusaba, nubwo bidasanzwe ubu, bishobora kuba bikubiyemo amakara.
• Ikirangantego cya electrode: ikibuga gikoreshwa nka bunder hano.
• Inziba: Ikibuga cyamakara rimwe na rimwe gikoreshwa mubikoresho byonomanga cyangwa byorohama.

Mubyambayeho nkubitanga ibicuruzwa nkaUbushyuhe bwinshi, Nabonye uburyo porogaramu yibi bikoresho ishobora kuba itandukanye, kandi ishimangira gukenera kumenyekanisha imirenge myinshi.

Nigute kwerekana CTPV mubisanzwe bibaho munganda za aluminium?

MuriUmusaruro wa AluminumInzira, cyane cyane muri Smelters, ikibanza cyamakara nigice gikomeye. Ikora nka bunder kuri peterolicokegushiraho karuboni anode, zikoreshwa mugihe cyo kugabanya electrolytic ya alumina kurialuminium. NyamukuruinzirayakwerekanwaKuriCtpvskubakozi muribiingandani guhumeka impfamupfumu, umukungugu, hamwe na vapors byabyaye mugihe aya manode yatetse cyangwa mugihe cyo gushonga ubwacyo. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butera ikibuga cyo kubora, kurekura imvange igoye yaPahsn'ibindi binyabuzima bihindagurika mu kirere.

Tekereza kubidukikije mukibuga cya analuminiumIkigo. Birashyushye, kandi hariho ibisubizo bya electrocherle. Aha niho ubushobozi bwo hejuru kuriCTPVSakenshi ibinyoma. Imirimo nka anode igenamiterere, kanda icyuma cya molten, nibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibikorwa byose birashobora gutanga umusanzuikirere kwerekanwa. Mugihe uruhu ruhurira hamwe nubuso bwanduye nabwo bushobokainzirayakwerekanwa, guhumekaCtpvsisanzwe ifatwa nkibyingenziibyagogutanga umusanzu kuri sisitemuIngaruka z'ubuzima bivamoDuhereye kuri ibi bice.

Ni ubuhe butumwa bwashyizweho ku makara tal pitch?

Kurinda abakozi, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura hamwe n'imiryango y'ubuzima yashyizehoimipaka yo kwerekanakuriCtpvs. MuriU.S., theIkigo cy'igihuguKubwumutekano wukazi nubuzima (Niosh) nubuyobozi bwumutekano wakazi nubuzima (Osha) ni abakinnyi bakomeye.Nioshbirasaba imipaka yo guhura (rel) kuriAmakara Tar pitch ihishe(yapimwe nkaagace ka bejezene-ya serivise yose) ya0.1MG / M³ nkigihe kingana nigihe (Twa) kugeza kumasaha 10 y'akazi, akazi k'isaha 40.Niosh ITANGAZA AMAFARANGA YAMAFARANGAikibanza kugirango ube ubushoboziCarcinonal.

Oshaifite imipaka yemewe yo kwerekana (pel) kuriAmakara Tar pitch ihishe(bejezene-gushonga) ya 0.2 MG / M³. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi mipaka zagenewe kugabanya ibyago, ahubwo ni filozofiya, cyane cyane kuriCarcinogenicibintu, akenshi birakomezakwerekanwankibintu bike bigerwaho neza (Alara). Byongeye kandi,Nioshyashizeho akaga ubuzima cyangwa ubuzima (Idlhagaciro kuriCtpvskuri 80 mg / m³. IbiIdlhAgaciro kerekana kwibanda kumukozi kwashoboraga guhunga nta mibabaro idahwitse ingaruka zubuzima cyangwa ubumuga bwo kwirinda guhunga mugihe habaye gutsindwa kw'abahumo. GucungakwerekanwaMubyukuri bisaba kuguma munsi yiyi mipaka.

Nigute CTPV iragaragara kandi isuzumwa kukazi?

Gupima no kuyobora anIsuzumayaCTPVSMu kazi ni intambwe ikomeye mu kurinda ubuzima bw'abakozi. Ibi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo icyitegererezo cyo kwerekana uburyo bwo kwibandaikirere Ctpvs. Uburyo busanzwe bupimaagace ka bejezene-ya serivise yose yakusanyirijwe kumurongo. Iki gice gifatwa nkicyerekezo cyaPahsibirimo. Ibikoresho byihariye byinganda bikoreshwa mugushushanya umwuka uzwi binyuze mu buryo bwo gushushanya (nka fibre fibre filteri) mugihe cyagenwe, akenshi uhindure akazi gahuzuye, kugirango ubone twakwerekanwaurwego.

KureIsuzumaIrashobora kubamo ibisobanuro birambuyeimitiIsesengura ryo kumenya no kugereranya yihariyePahsnkapyrene, Benzo [a] pyrene, cyangwaYamazaki. Ibi birashobora gutanga ishusho yuzuye yakwerekanwaumwirondoro. Gahunda zisanzwe zo gukurikirana ni ngombwa, cyane cyane ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane nkacokebateri cyangwaaluminiuminkwi. Amakuru yakusanyijwe muribiIsuzumaifasha muri:

• Kugena nibaimipaka yo kwerekanabarenze.
• Kumenya hejuru-kwerekanwaimirimo cyangwa uduce.
• Gusuzuma imikorere yo kugenzura.
• Kwemeza kubahiriza hamweOshaamabwiriza.
• Gutanga agaciroamakuru yuburoziKuri Epidemiologie.

Ni izihe ngaruka zubuzima zituruka kuri CTPV?

TheIngaruka z'ubuzima bivamoKuvaGuhuraKuriAmakara Tar pitch ihisheni impungenge zikomeye, cyane cyane bitewe naCarcinogenicKamere yabatoteje benshi. Igihe kirekirekwerekanwaihujwe no kongera ibyago bya kanseri zitandukanye.Kanseri y'ibihahani ibyago bikomeye, cyane cyane kubakozi mubidukikije hamweikirerekwibanda kuriCtpvs, nk'ibyagocokeigenamiterere. UruhukanseriEse ikindi kibazo gihangayikishije, akenshi gituruka ku guhumana uruhu rutaziguye hamwe nibicuruzwa bya coal cyangwa ihinda hafi, bikabije n'amafoto. Hariho kandi ibimenyetso byerekana isanoKanseri y'i Byumana kanseri yagusyasisitemu, kandi birashobokakanseri y'impyiko.

Birenzekanseri, HarihoBirakwiye kandi karandeingaruka z'ubuzima zidashobora kanseri. Harimo:

• Ibibazo bya Dematologiya:Kurakara uruhu, Dermatitis, na Gufotora (Bikabije Bikabije Byizuba Bikabije Ku zubakwerekanwaNyuma yo guhura naCtpvs).
• Ibibazo by'ubuhumekero:Kurakara tract yubuhumekero, Bronchitis, kandi birashobokaibihahaimikorere.
• Kurakara amaso:Gutwika, gutukura, no kutamererwa neza.
  TheGahunda yuburozi bwigihugu'Raporo kuri CarcinoGONSurutonde rw'amakara n'amakara-tarkarcinorogens. Ibiindangamuntuishingiye kuri niniepidemiologiqueUbushakashatsi naUburoziUbushakashatsi, harimoKwiga impfuIbisubizo mu bihugu bihanishwa. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka nintambwe yambere yo gukumira no kugabanya.

Ni izihe nshingano niosh na osha gukina mu kugenzura uburyo bwa CTPV?

TheIkigo cy'igihuguKubwumutekano wukazi nubuzima (Niosh) nubuyobozi bwumutekano wakazi nubuzima (Osha) Kina ingenzi, nubwo bitandukanye, uruhare mu gukemura UwitekaibyagoyaCTPVSmuriU.S. Niosh, igice cyibigo byo kugenzura no gukumira indwara no gukumira, ni ubushakashatsiIkigo. Ikora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku byago bitandukanye byakazi, harimoimitiImvugo NkaCtpvs. Ukurikije ubu bushakashatsi,NioshItezimbere ibyifuzo byo gukumira ibikomere bijyanye nakazi n'indwara zakazi, harimo imipaka isaba (rels) n'amabwiriza yo kugenzurakwerekanwa. "Ibipimo byabo byasabwe: guhura nakazi ku bicuruzwa bya coal" ni inyandiko y'ingenzi muri kariya gace.

OshaKu rundi ruhande, ni ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura mu nzego z'ubutaka. Inshingano zayo ni uguharanira inyungu zitekanye kandi zifite ubuzima bwiza no gushyiraho amahame no kubahiriza amahame no gutanga amahugurwa, kwegera, uburezi, nubufasha.Oshaishyiraho byemewe n'amategeko imipaka yemewe (pels) kubintu bitandukanye, harimoAmakara Tar pitch ihishe. Ibi nibice byagutseIhuriro ryindege Ibipimo byinganda rusange(29 CFR 1910.1000). MugiheNioshbirasaba,Oshairashoborakugenzurano kubahiriza. TheIkigo kirengera ibidukikije(EPA) nanone akina uruhare mu kuyoboraimyukayaPahsnkAir Pollutantsmubidukikije rusange, bishobora kugira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye imyitozo yo gukorera hamwe no kugabanya muri rusangeumwanda.

Nigute dushobora kugabanya ingaruka za CTPV muburyo bwakazi?

GushimijeibyagoyaGuhuraKuriAmakara Tar pitch ihishebisaba uburyo bwinshi, akenshi uvugwa ko ari urwego rwigenzura. Ingamba nziza cyane zibanda kuri Kurandura cyangwa kugabanyaibyagoaho ari nkomoko. Ibi birimo:

• Igenzura ry'ubwubatsi:Ibi byashizweho kugirango bikureho cyangwa kugabanya umwanda mukirere. Ingero zirimo:
  • Guhumeka kwaho (Abalewi) sisitemu kuriimyuka, nko hejurucokebateri cyangwa aluminium ishonga inkono.
  • Uruzitiro rwibikorwa kugirango wirindeCtpvsguhita guhunga imirimo.
  • Guhindura inzira, wenda ukoresheje ibikoresho bitanga ijisho rito nibishoboka.
• Igenzura ry'ubuyobozi:Ibi birimo impinduka mubikorwa byakazi cyangwa inzira. Ingero zirimo:
  • Kugabanya umubare wabakozi bashyizwe ahagaragara cyangwa igihe cyakwerekanwa.
  • Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwihariye bwakazi kumirimo hamwe nisumbakwerekanwaubushobozi.
  • Gushiraho ahantu hateganijwe.
• Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (PPE):Ibi bifatwa nkumurongo wanyuma wingabo mugihe abugenzura adashobora kugabanya bihagijekwerekanwa. KuriCtpvs, PPE irashobora kubamo:
  • Kurinda Ubuhumekero (urugero, ibihumeka bihuje ikirere bifite amakarito akwiye ku myuka ya kama na proflicure, cyangwa ibishishwa bihabwa icyubahiro).
  • Imyenda ikingira kugirango wirinde guhuza uruhu (gants, imfura).
  • Kurinda amaso no kurinda.

Imyitozo y'abakozi no kwiga kubyerekeye ingaruka zaCtpvsKandi ibikorwa byakazi bifite umutekano birashimangira. Nkumutanga, akenshi tuganira gukoresha uburyo bwibicuruzwa nkacuAmakara Tar PlakesGufasha abakiriya gushimangira izo ngero z'umutekano ku mperuka yabo. BisanzweUbuzima n'umutekanoUbugenzuzi naIsuzumaIngamba zo kugenzura zemeza ko zikomeza kuba nziza.

Ibyo twiyemeje kuri ZGfty: gushyira imbere ubuziranenge bwo kugabanya impungenge za CTPV

Alen, uhagarariye uruganda rwanjye n'imirongo irindwi yumusaruro mu Bushinwa, ndashaka kwizeza abakiriya nka Mark Thompson muri Amerika ndetse nabafatanyabikorwa bacu muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya ko dufata ibibazo bikikijeAmakara Tar pitch ihishecyane. Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi cyubatswe ku gutangaIbicuruzwa byiza byamakara na coke ya peteroli. Twumva ko ubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo bishobora guhindura ibiranga ibirangaimyukaMugihe cyo kurangiza - gukoresha, kurugero, murialuminiumcyangwa iyo bimaze gukoreshwapaveUmuhanda ufite Umwiharikoasfalt.

Twizera ko twibanda ku kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nkacuUbushyuhe bwo Hagati Asfaltcyangwa amanota atandukanye ya peterolicoke, dutanga umusanzu mubintu byateganijwe kandi bishobora gucungwa kubakiriya bacu. Mugihe ibisekuru byaCtpvsni ibyangombwa byo gukoresha ibyo bikoresho ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, buhoraho, ubuziranengeibintuIrashobora kwitwara neza byateganijwe, gufasha mugushushanya no gukora neza ingamba zo kugenzura. Twishyize imbere itumanaho ryubwibone kandi tumenye ko ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga, bishyigikiwe nibyemezo bikenewe. Ibi bikemura ibibazo byingenzi kubashinzwe amasoko bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge ninyandiko zizewe, zifasha kwirinda ibibazo nkicyemezo gishobora kuba ububabare buke. Intego yacu igomba kuba umufatanyabikorwa mugutezimbere umutekanoakaziibidukikije.

Kuyobora Kazoza: Udushya nuburyo bwiza bwo gucunga CTPV

Imiterere yo gucungaGuhuraKuriCtpvsikomeza guhinduka. Hano hari ubushakashatsi bukomeje kubigo no muriingandaKugirango ubone uburyo bwo gukomeza kuba umukozikwerekanwano kunoza umutekano. Ibi birimo uburyo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa, nko guteza imbereYahinduwe asfaltnandi makara yihariye ya tale ya tar ishobora kuba ifite ibintu bitoroshye cyangwa byahinduwePahsUmwirondoro, birashoboka ko uganisha ku kugabanukaImyuka ya CTPVS. Udushya mu buyobozi bwa Enginecokeibikorwa cyangwaUmusaruro wa Aluminum, ni urufunguzo.

Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga rirashobora gutanga igihe-nyacyoIsuzumayakwerekanwaurwego, kwemerera gutabara vuba. Ibikorwa byiza bishimangira uburyo bworoshye kuriUbuzima n'umutekanosisitemu yo gucunga, guhuza CTPV kugenzura kwagutseUbuzima bw'ibidukikijena gahunda z'umutekano. Ubufatanye hagati yinganda (nka aluminium, ibyuma, nakaruboneAbakora ibicuruzwa), imibiri igenzura nkaOshanaIkigo kirengera ibidukikije, nubushakashatsi bumeze nkaNioshni ngombwa. Kugabana ubumenyi,amakuru yuburozi, kandi ingamba zo kugenzura neza zizaba ingenzi mu kurinda ejo hazaza nigihe kizazaAbaturage muri rusangey'abakozi baturutse ku byago bifitanye isanoAmakara Tar pitch ihishe. Nkumukoraho, twiyemeje gukomeza kumenyeshwa aya majyambere no guhuza ibikorwa byacu kugirango dushyigikire gukoresha ibicuruzwa byacu.

Ibyingenzi bifata kwibuka:

• Amakara Tar pitch Ihishe (CTPVS)ni uruvange rugoye, ahanini rurimoPolycyclic Hydrocarbone (pahs), yarekuwe iyo amakara tar cyangwa ikibuga gishyushye.
• GuhuraKuriCtpvsni ubuzima bukomeyeibyago, hamwe nakanseri(cyaneibihaha, uruhu,uruhago) hamwe nibindi bihute nibihe byuruhu.
• Inganda zikundaUmusaruro wa Aluminum, cokeibikorwa, no gusakara mumaso ingaruka zisumbaCTPVS.
• NioshnaOshatanga umurongo ngenderwaho n'amabwiriza (rels na pels, akenshi ushingiye kuriagace ka bejezene-) kugabanyakwerekanwa. IdlhIndangagaciro zerekana urwego rukomeye.
• Kurwanya birimo kugenzura ubuhanga, kugenzura ubuyobozi, n'ibikoresho byo kurinda (PPE).
• Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya coal bishobora kugira ingarukaImyuka ya CTPVS; Abatanga ibicuruzwa bazwi bibanda ku guhoraho no gukurikiza amahame.
• Ubushakashatsi nubufatanye ni urufunguzo rwo kunoza imicungire yaCTPVSno kuzamura umutekano w'abakozi muriinganda.
• Gusobanukirwa no gucunga ingaruka zijyanye naCtpvsni ngombwa kuri byombi byubahirizwa kandi, icy'ingenzi, kurinda ubuzima bubi muri iki kibazo gishoboraIbintu bya karcinogeni.