Gusobanukirwa Asfalt, bitumen, na tar: itandukaniro ryingenzi na porogaramu mubwubatsi bugezweho

Iyo tuvuze kubyerekeye kubaka imihanda cyangwa porogaramu zinganda zisaba abakozi bakomeye, amagambo nkaasfalt, bitumen, natarakenshi uzamuka. Mugihe rimwe na rimwe ukoreshwa muburyo bumwe mubiganiro bisanzwe, ibyo bikoresho bifite inkomoko yitandukanije, imitungo, no gukoresha. Gusobanukirwaitandukaniro hagati ya asfaltKandi ibi bintu bifitanye isano ni ngombwa kubantu bose muriKubaka umuhandaInganda, cyangwa kubucuruzi nka aluminium hamwe na rubanda rwibyuma byishingikirije kubicuruzwa bikomoka kuri bo. Iyi ngingo izazamura ikuzimu mubyo ituma buri kintu kidasanzwe, porogaramu zabo zibanze, n'impamvu ihitamo ibintu byiza, nkibintu byihariyeUbwoko bwa Asfalt, ni ngombwa kugirango utsinde. Nkigice gifite imirongo irindwi yumusaruro impongano mubicuruzwa byamakara na peke ya peteroli, twe, kuriZgfty, babonye ubwabo ukuntu ubu bumenyi ari kubakiriya bacu kwisi yose, kuva muri Amerika i Burayi na Ositaraliya. Reka duha inzira yo gusobanuka!

Iyi ngingo irakwiye gusoma kuko izabikora:

• Gusobanura nezaasfalt, bitumen, natar.
• SobanuraItandukaniro ryingenzimu bigizemo uruhare kandiimitungo no gukoresha.
• Muganire ku BinyuranyeUbwoko bwa Asfaltkandi bikwiriye imishinga itandukanye.
• Garagaza akamaro k'ibi bikoresho muriKubaka umuhandan'izindi nganda.
• Tanga Ubushishozi Gukoraigiciro cyizaGuhitamo nta mico itangaje, impungenge zikomeye kubashinzwe amasoko nka Mark Thompson.

1. Asfalt ni iki, kandi nigute itandukanye na bitumen?

Reka dutangire nabyingenzi. Akenshi, abantu barumirwa hagatiasfaltnabitumen. Mu bice byinshi by'isi, cyane cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, "asfalt"bivuga imvange yuzuye ikoreshwa mu guha agaciro imihanda. Uru ruvange rugizwe nabitumen, igiteranyo(Nkumucanga, amabuye, cyangwa ibuye ryajanjaguwe), kandi rimwe na rimwe ryuzuza. ,Asfalt ni imvangeahobitumenIbyakozwe nkabinder. Bitekereze nka keke:bitumenni amagi namavuta afashe ifu (igiteranyo) hamwe kugirango dukore cake yanyuma (kaburimbo ya asfalt).

Ku rundi ruhande,bitumenni aamazi mezacyangwa igice kinini cyapeteroli. Ni umukara, ukomera, kandiviscous nyinshiibintu bisanzwe bibaho cyangwa byabonetse nkinkokopeteroligutunganya. ,bitumenni kimwe mubintu byingenziin asfalt. Ijambo "bitumen"Bikunze gukoreshwa mu Burayi no mu tundi turere kugira ngo bibe kuri uyu mukozi ushinzwe kuyobora. Uruhare rwarwo ni uguhuzaigiteranyoibice hamwe, gutanga imbaraga,kuramba, no ku mazi kuriasfaltimvange. Ubwiza bwabitumenIngaruka zikomeye imikorere yakaburimbo ya asfalt, bigira ingaruka ku kurwanyacrackgushiraho no guhindura munsiImodoka nyinshikandi bitandukanyeikirere.

Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ni ngombwa. Iyo umukiriya nka Mark Thompson wo muri Amerika avuga kubyerekeye kugura "asfalt," arashobora kuba yerekeza ku ruvange rwuzuye cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane, cyane cyane, theBinderubwayo, ukurikije imiterere yisosiyete ye ikeneye kugurisha ibigo byubwubatsi. Buri gihe dusobanura ibi kugirango dutere agaciro neza ibikenewe.

2. Tar yabisobanuye: Ese irindi zina rya asfalt cyangwa bitumen?

Noneho, hetarbikwiranye muriyi shusho?Tar, amakara cyanetar, biratandukanye cyaneasfaltnabitumenmu nkomoko yayo. Mugihebitumennibikomoka kuri peteroli, amakaratarni abproduction ya karubilisation yubutaka, mubisanzwe byakozwe mugihe cyo gukora inkongi yinganda zitemba cyangwa gaze yamakara. Nibyinshi, umwijima, naamazi meza, byinshinka bitumen, ariko imiti yacyo iratandukanye. Amateka, amakarataryariBikunze gukoreshwakumuhanda uhagaze no gutanga amazi, ariko kopi yacyoKubaka umuhandayanze cyane mu turere twinshi kuberaIbidukikijen'imikorere isumba byose yapeteroli-Bishingiyebitumenmuri porogaramu nyinshi.

Imwe muriItandukaniro ryingenzinitarMubisanzwe bifite ibintu byinshi byimiterere ya aromatiya ugereranijebitumen. Mugihe ibintu bimwe bishobora gusa nkubu hejuru - byombi ni umukara, bifatanye - Imiti yabo ya chimique iganisha kubiranga imikorere itandukanye kandiIngaruka y'ibidukikije. Kurugero,tarirashobora kwibasirwa cyane nimpinduka zubushyuhe kandi zishobora kurekura ibintu byihishe bihindagurika (amajwi). Uyu munsi, ibicuruzwa nkaAmakara Tar Plakesbahabwa agaciro gakomeye kubisabwa byinganda, nko mumusaruro wa electrode, bahinduye, no kurera, aho gukwirakwiraGukora umuhanda. Rero, oya,tarntabwo ari irindi zina gusaasfaltcyangwabitumen; Ni itandukanyeIbikoresho bya Raw.

Ni ngombwa kubaguzi gusobanukirwa ko niba bashaka ibikoresho byongero byumuhanda, birashoboka cyane ku isoko ryaasfalt(kuvanga) cyangwabitumen(binder). Niba ibyo bakeneye bigamije inganda zifatika, hanyuma amakara menshitarIbicuruzwa birashobora kuba aribyo bakeneye. Dutanga amakara atandukanyetaribicuruzwa, kandi ibyifuzo byabo biratandukanye cyane nibyo byacuPetroleum Asfaltamaturo.

3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa asfalt bukoreshwa mubwubatsi?

Iyo tuvuzeasfaltKubwo kubaka, cyane cyaneKubaka umuhanda, ntabwo ari ubunini-bumwe - ibikoresho byose. HarihoUbwoko butandukanye bwa asfalt, buri kimwe cyagenewe intego zihariye, zikagira, hamwe na traffic traffic. GuhitamoUbwoko bwa AsfaltIrashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuramba no gukorapavement.

Hano hari bimweBikunze gukoreshwa asfaltUbwoko:

• Bishyushye Bishyushye Asfalt (HMA):Iyi niyo nini cyaneyakoresheje ubwoko bwa asfaltyo guhanga. Byakozwe no gushyushyabitumenkugabanya viscosity yayo no kumishaigiteranyogukuraho ubuhehere mbere yo kuvanga. TheKuvanga Asfaltnoneho yatanzwe, ashyirwaho, kandi ahujwe nubwo ashyushye. HMA izwiho imbaraga zayo,kuramba, kandi bikwiranye ahantu hahantu hatuwe na maremare nibibuga byindege. Dukunze gutanga ubuziranengebitumenku musaruro wa HMA.
• Ivanga ishyushye Asfalt (WMA):WMA yakozwe kubushyuhe bwo hasi kuruta HMA (mubisanzwe 20-40 ° C iri hasi). Ibi bigerwaho ukoresheje inyongeramuzi zidasanzwe cyangwa inzira zemererabitumenGutinyaigiteranyomubyukuri kuri bagabanutseubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Inyungu zirimo ibiryo byo hasi kandiimyukaMugihe cyo gukora, idirishya rirerure, kandi rinoze imikorere yakazi.
• Ubukonje buvanga asfalt (cma): Ubukonje buvanze asfaltikorwa no gutangazabitumenn'amazi n'umukozi ugenda mbere yo kubivangaigiteranyo. Bitandukanye na HMA,ubukonje buvanze asfaltntibisaba gushyushya kandi birashobora gukoreshwa kuriubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Bikoreshwa kenshi mugusenya ibinogo, kwirukana by'agateganyo, no guha imihanda yo mu muhanda cyangwa imihanda yo mu cyaro. Mugihe atari muraza nka hma muri primairehejuru yumuhandaPorogaramu, ni aigiciro cyizaigisubizo cyo gusana no mubihe bidakenewe.
• ASPHALT:Ibiubwoko bwa asfaltifite ijanisha ryikirere bwimiterere yikirere, yemerera amazi gukuramo muripavementhejuru mu buriri bwamabuye munsi. Ibi bifasha kugabanya amazi yo hejuru, kunoza skid, no kugabanyaUrusaku rw'umuhanda. Ni anibidukikijeIhitamo ryo gucunga inkubi y'umuyaga.
• Asfalt ya mastike (cyangwa asfalt mastic):Iyi ni urusaku, nta gahoroasfaltbikozwe hejurubitumenibirimo. Biraramba cyane, biramba cyane, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubisabwa byihariye nkikiraro cyongeraga, gusakara, hasi.
• Yahinduwe asfalt:Kuzamura imikorere,bitumenirashobora guhinduka hamwe na polymers cyangwa izindi nyandiko zinyongera.Yahinduwe asfaltItanga ingufu mu rwego rwo kurwanya induru, umunaniro, n'ubushyuhe bworoshye. Ibi bituma ari byiza ahantu hamweImodoka nyinshicyangwa bikabijeikirere.

Guhitamo uburenganziraUbwoko bwa Asfaltni icyemezo gikomeye muri kimweUmushinga wo kubaka. Harimo gusuzuma ibintu nko mumodoka, ikirere, ingengo yimari, hamwe nubuzima bwapavement. Nkumutanga, dukorana cyane nabakiriya bacu kugirango twumve ibyo bakeneyeasfalthanyuma utange urwego rukwiye rwabitumencyangwa kabuhariweasfaltibicuruzwa.

4. Kuki asfalt ari ibikoresho byiganje mumishinga yo kubaka umuhanda?

Asfaltyahindutse ibikoresho biyoboraKubaka umuhandaKwisi yose, kandi kubwimpamvu. Gukoresha kwayo biterwa no guhuza ibintu bikwiranye cyane no gukora iramba, byoroshye, kandiigiciro cyiza hejuru yumuhandaibisubizo. Kurenga 90% byimihanda ya kaburimbo muri Amerika, kurugero, iragaragara hamweasfalt. Ibi ntibyabaye kubwimpanuka!

Imwe mu mpamvu z'ibanze zaasfaltIbyamamare ni imikorere myiza myiza.Kaburimbo ya asfaltbirahinduka, bivuze ko bashobora kwihanganira gutura gato no kugendana neza nta kanyacrackgushiraho. Ihinduka rihinduka kandi rigira uruhare munzira yoroshye kandi ituje ugereranije na rininipavementUbwoko, KugabanyaUrusaku rw'umuhanda. Byongeye kandi,imihanda ya asfaltTanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya skid, ni ngombwa mu mutekano w'imodoka. Thekurambayo gushingirwaho neza kandi yubatswekaburimbo ya asfaltbivuze ko ishobora gukoratraffic nyinshi nibihe bitandukanyeBikabije cyane mumyaka myinshi.

Ikindi cyifuzo gikomeye nicyoasfaltni 100%.Yagaruwe na asfalt kaburimbo(Rap) irashobora kwinjizwa mu gishyaasfalt ivanze, kugabanya ibikenewe kubikoresho byisugi no guta imyanda kuva kumyanda. Ibi bikoraasfaltbyinshiibidukikijeamahitamoUgereranije nibindi bikoresho. Ubushobozi bwogutunganya yakoresheje asfaltntabwo ari ugufasha gusa umutungo kamere nkaigiteranyonabitumenAriko kandi ifasha mugugabanya muri rusangeigiciro cyizakamere yaKubaka umuhanda no kubungabunga. Duhereye kubyatubayeho, icyifuzo cyo hejurubitumenIbyo birashobora gushiramo rap rap ariyongera nkumira bihinduka kwibanda cyane.

5. Uruhare rukomeye rwa bitumen: Binder muri Asfalt

Nkuko twabikozeho,bitumenni intwari itari itamenyerewe muriasfaltimvange. Mubisanzwe bigizwe na 5% gusaasfalt ivanzen'uburemere, ariko uruhare rwarwo nka abinderni ingenzi rwose kumikorere kandikurambayakaburimbo ya asfalt. Udafitebitumen, asfaltbyaba ari ikirundo cyo kurekuraigiteranyo.

Imikorere yibanze yabitumenni Guhuzaigiteranyo na bitumenhamwe, gukora misa ihungabana kandi ihamye. Ibiviscousamakoti y'ibikoreshoigiteranyoibice, gushiraho ubumwe bukomeye. Izi nkunga zitangaasfaltn'imbaraga zayo zo kurwanya imihangayiko yatanzwe n'ibintu byo mu muhanda n'ibidukikije. Ubuziranenge n'ubwoko bwabitumen yakoreshejweIngaruka zitaziguyeasfalt'Kurwanya imibabaro isanzwe nko guhagarikwa (kwiheba munzira ziziga), guhangayikishwa (kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi), hamwe nubushyuhe (kubera impinduka zubushyuhe). Amanota atandukanye yabitumenbasobanurwa kubiciro bitandukanye hamwe nibihe byimodoka kugirango habeho imikorere myiza. Kurugero, softerbitumengukoreshwa mubice bikonje kugirango wirinde kuvuza, mugihe gitobitumenni Byaguhitamo mu kanwa kashyushye kugirango urwanye amaduka.

Byongeye kandi,bitumenitanga amazi cyangwakaburimbo ya asfalt. Yuzuza amazi hagatiigiteranyoibice, kubuza amazi kwinjira muripavementimiterere. Ibi ni ngombwa kubera ko fatishing Sshires ishobora guca intege ibice byingenzi byumuhanda, biganisha ku gutsindwa imburagihe. Imiterere idakwiye yabitumenifasha kurinda UwitekapavementFondasiyo no kwagura ubuzima bwa serivisi. Nkumutanga amanota atandukanye, harimoUbushyuhe bwinshinubushyuhe buciriritse, twumva ko gutanga uburenganzirabitumenni urufunguzo rwo kugera igihe kirekireimihanda ya asfalt.

6. Hanze y'imihanda: Umutungo utandukanye no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya Asfalt na bitumen

MugiheKubaka umuhandani porogaramu izwi cyane, idasanzweimitungo no gukoreshayaasfaltnabitumenKugera ku zindi nini y'inganda n'ubucuruzi. Imico yabo myiza itazirika kandi ifatika ituma itagereranywa muburyo butandukanye bwo kubaka no gukora.

Hano haribireba porogaramu zitandukanye:

• Igisenge: Bitumenikoreshwa cyane mugukora igisenge kirasa numva.BitumininousIbikoresho byo gusakara bitanga inzitizi ziramba, zitagira amazi kwirinda ibintu, kurinda inyubako zitemba no kwangirika kw'amazi.
• Amazi meza kandi akadomo: Bitumen-Ibice byo mu gaciro no ku kasaga bikoreshwa mu rufatiro utarimo amazi, aho dusi, ibiraro, tunels, no ku muyoboro.Bitumen emulsionn'ibisubizo bikoreshwa hejuru kugirango ukore urwego rudashobora.
• Pipe Cotatings:Kurinda imiyoboro iva kuri ruswa, cyane cyane abashyinguwe munsi yubutaka cyangwa mumazi,bitumenAmavuta asabwa. Ibi byagura ubuzima buke bwibikorwa remezo.
• Ijwi risebanya: Asfalt-Impapuro cyangwa amakera akoreshwa mubikorwa byimodoka nubwubatsi kugirango ugabanye urusaku no kunyeganyega.
• ISOKO RY'INGENDO:MasticasfaltItanga igisubizo kitoroshye, iramba, kandi kidafite ubudodo kunganda, ububiko, n'uturere tugambara no kurira.
• Ibicuruzwa byihariye:Uruganda rwacu, kurugero, rutangaAsfalt idasanzwe kuri onportfies. Izi kabuhariweasfaltsbateguwe nibikoresho byihariye byo gutunganya imikorere yubukonje, kugabanya amazi, no kunoza ubuzima bwiza muripeteroliinganda. Mu buryo nk'ubwo,Amakara Tar, ikindi gicuruzwa dusanzwe muri, ni ngombwa kugirango gikore karubone anode ya aluminiyumu, harashushanyije gushushanya ibishushanyo, kandi nka abinderkubicuruzwa bya karubone.

Ibisobanuro byaasfalt na bitumenIbiti biva mubiranga ibyingenzi: Nibirometero byoroshye (byoroshe mugihe birumiwe, bigoye), kumeneka, kandi birwanya cyane amazi n'imiti myinshi. Ibi bibafasha guhuza ubwinshi bwaimitungo no gukoresha, kubakora ngombwaIbikoresho bya Rawibice mu nganda zigezweho.

7. Asfalt na bitumen: Reba neza kumikorere yabo nibisabwa

Iyo ugereranijeAsfalt na bitumen, Ni ngombwa kongera gushimangira ibyoAsfalt ni imvangeikubiyemobitumen. Rero, imikorere yaasfaltni bitewe cyane nubwiza n'ubwoko bwabitumen yakoreshejwe, kimwe naigiteranyono kuvanga. Ariko, turashobora kuganira gutebitumen'imitungo Ingarukaasfalt'imikorere mu manza zitandukanye.

Bitumenubwabwo, nka abinder, is characterized by its viscosity, penetration grade (hardness), softening point, and ductility. Ibi bintu byerekana uburyoAsfalt ivanga asfaltizitwara mubihe bitandukanye. Kurugero:

• A bitumenhamwe nigiciro gito cyo kwinjira (gikomeyebitumen) bizavamo anasfaltibyo birarwana cyane no guhinduranya kuriubushyuhe bwo hejuruAriko irashobora kuba ikunda gucika ubushyuhe buke.
• Ibinyuranye, abitumenhamwe nagaciro gakomeye (softerbitumen) izatanga umusaruro mwinshiasfalt, neza ko zikonje zikonje ariko birashoboka ko zihamye munsi yimitwaro iremereye mubihe bishyushye.

Kubijyanye no gusaba,Bitumen ikoreshwa kenshinkibikoresho byibanze byo gutera (kashe ya chip cyangwa imyambarire yubuso), aho igice cyaBishyushye Bishyushyeyatewe hejuru yumuhanda, hakurikiraho igice cyaigiteranyo. Iyi ni aigiciro cyizaInzira yo gushyiraho kaburimbo ihari no kunoza scor.Mugihe bitumenni ikintu,asfalt(Ibikoresho bisanzwe) bikoreshwa kubice byapavement, gutanga ubushobozi nyamukuru butanga imitwaro. Bitandukanyeasfalt ivanze.Ibice bya AsfaltmuripavementImiterere (Amasomo shingiro, amasomo ya binder, yambaye inzira) guhitamo imikorere kandikuramba.

Guhitamo hagati itandukanyebitumen cyangwa asfaltibicuruzwa amaherezo biterwa nibisabwa byihariye byaUmushinga wo kubaka. Kurugero, umuhanda munini wo hejuru uzakenera urufunguzoBishyushye Bishyushye Asfalthamwe na polymer-yahinduwebitumenKuri Yongerewekuramba, mugihe icyaro cyinzira nyabagendwa gishobora guhabwa bihagije na simplerIbikoresho bya Asfalt. Gusobanukirwa noison yaAsfalt vs bitumenifasha injeniyeri no gutanga inzobere mu gutanga amasoko nka Mark Thompson gukora ibyemezo bimenyeshejwe kugirango birebire kandi bikaze.

8. Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ibidukikije n'ingaruka zo gukoresha asfalt na bitumen?

TheIngaruka y'ibidukikijeyaasfaltnabitumenumusaruro no gukoresha ni ikintu gikomeye muriinganda za asfalt. Nkibintu byose byinganda birimopeteroliIbicuruzwa, hari ibibazo, ariko nanone intambwe ihamye yo gutangwa mugushira.

Kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi bishingiye ku bidukikije bifitanye isanoimyukaMugihe cyo gukoraBishyushye Bishyushye Asfalt. Gushyushyabitumen na aggregatKuriubushyuhe bwo hejuruKoresha imbaraga kandi birashobora kurekura imyuka ya parike hamwe nibinyabuzima byamarika (vocs). Ariko, inganda zimaze gukora cyane kugirango zigabanye ibi. Iterambere ryivangaAsfalt(WMA) ni urugero rwiza. MubyemereraUmusaruro wa Asfaltku bushyuhe bwo hasi, wma kugabanya cyaneKunywa ingufu hamwe numwuka. Ibi ntibigabanya gusaIngaruka y'ibidukikijeAriko irashobora kandi kuganisha ku kuzigama amafaranga.

Ikindi kintu cyiza ni ugutunganya kwaasfalt. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru,kaburimbo ya asfaltni kimwe mubikoresho byatunganijwe cyane kwisi.Yagaruwe na asfalt kaburimbo(Rap) irashobora kwinjizwa mu gishyaasfalt ivanzeKu ijanisha ryinshi, kugabanya gukenera isugibitumennaigiteranyo, kubungabunga umutungo kamere, no kugabanya imyanda yo hasi. Ubu bukungu bwizewe bwongereye cyane umwirondoro urambye waimihanda ya asfalt. Byongeye kandi, iterambere muriUbuhanga bwa AsfaltShyiramo iterambere ryaASPHALT, ifasha gucunga amazi ya serwatsi, kugabanya imyuzure no kuyungurura umwanda. Imbaraga zirakomeje kandi guteza imbere bio-binders ikomoka kubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nkibice byigihe cyangwa byuzuye kuriPetroleum bitumen, bigamije kurushahoMugabanye ikirenge cya karuboneyaKubaka umuhanda.

Mugihetar, cyane cyane amakarisotar, yahuye n'ibitekerezo byinshi bitewe nububiko bwayo nubushobozi bwo gusohora ibintu byangiza, ikoreshwa muriKubaka umuhandaUbu ni mike mubice byinshi. Bigezwehobitumengutunganya inzira nuburyo bwo gucunga neza intego yo gutanga imitako umutekano kandi uhagaze mugihe ukoreshwa murikaburimbo ya asfalt. Kubakiriya bacu, cyane cyane abari mu turere dufite amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije nk'Uburayi na Amerika, tubona ko ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ubuziranenge byose. Uku kwiyemeza kuriIbidukikijeni ngombwa.

9. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza: Nigute wahitamo asfalt yo kugura ibiciro kubyo ukeneye?

Guhitamo uburenganziraUbwoko bwa Asfaltcyangwabitumenamanota ni ngombwa kugirango abone aUmushinga wo kubakaEse byombi biragenda neza kandiigiciro cyiza. Kuri nyiri sosiyete hamwe numukozi ushinzwe gutanga amasoko nka Mark Thompson, kuringaniza ubwiza hamwe nibiciro byo guhatanira nibiciro byingenzi. Ntabwo ari ikiguzi cyambere cyaIbikoresho bya Asfalt, ariko kandi kubyerekeye imikorere yigihe kirekire kandiIbiciro byo kubungabunga.

Dore uburyo bufatika kuriGuhitamo Asfalt:

1. Sobanukirwa nibisabwa numushinga:

   • Umuhanda wo mu muhanda:UbushakepavementGushyigikira itara, hagati, cyangwaImodoka nyinshi? Uturere twinshi dukenera gukomeraasfalt ivanzehamwe no hejurukuramba.
   • Ikirere:Reba ikirere cyaho. Ubushyuhe bukabije (byombi bishyushye kandi bukonje), imvura, hamwe na freje-thefle-thaw wicle izagira ingaruka kumahitamobitumenamanota kandiUbwoko bwa Asfalt. Kurugero, aUbushyuhe bwo Hagati Asfaltbirashobora kuba bikwiranye nimiti imwe na zimwe.
   • Ibyiringiro Byubuzima:Ni ubuhe buzima bwifuzwa bwapavement? Muremure cyane birashobora kwerekana ishoramari ryibanze ryibanze mubikoresho bya premium nka polymer-byahinduweasfalt.
   • Porogaramu yihariye:Ni ishyashyaUmushinga wo kubaka umuhanda, gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, gutekesha, cyangwa gukoresha neza inganda? Buriwese arasaba ubundi buryo.

2. Suzuma ubwoko butandukanye bwa Asfalt:

   • Bishyushye Bishyushye Asfalt (HMA):Byiza kurikurambaKandi ahantu hirengeye, ariko birashobora kuba bihenze bitangiye.
   • Ivanga ishyushye Asfalt (WMA):Tanga imikorere myiza hamwe ninyungu zibidukikije kandi zishobora kugura ibiciro kubera ubushyuhe bwo hasi.Itanga ibyizaIgikorwa.
   • Ubukonje buvanga asfalt (cma):Byinshiigiciro cyizaGusanwa by'agateganyo, ahantu kure, cyangwa imihanda mira.Ikoreshwa ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, kora byoroshye imirimo mito.
   • Yahinduwe asfalt:Reba kubisaba Porogaramu aho imikorere yongerewe (urugero, kurwanya,crackKurwanya) ni ingenzi, nubwo ikiguzi cyo hejuru kiri hejuru.

3. Suzuma ibiciro by'igihe kirekire:

   • BihendutseasfaltIhitamo rishobora kuzigama amafaranga mu ntangiriro ariko rishobora kuganisha hejuruIbiciro byo kubungabungaKandi ubuzima bugufi bugufi, amaherezo butwara byinshi. Gushora mubwizabitumenkandi bikwiyeasfalt ivanzeigishushanyo gikunze kwishyura.
   • Ikintu mubushobozi bwo gukoreshayagaruwe asfalt(Rap), bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yibiciro kandi ni anibidukikijeguhitamo.

4. Korana nabatanga byizewe:

   • Utanga ubumenyi (nkatwe!) Birashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwizaasfaltcyangwabitumenkubyo ukeneye byihariye n'ingengo yimari. Twumva ko "agaciro" bikubiyemo igiciro nubwiza. Turemeza ibicuruzwa byacu, byaba bisanzwebitumencyangwa kabuhariweasfalts, wujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga.

Mugusuzuma witonze ibyo bintu, ubucuruzi burashoborakora nezaIcyemezo, cyemeza ko kugura aAsfalt-nzizaigisubizo gitanga imikorere isabwa kandikuramba.

10. Gutererana Asfalt yo mu rwego rwo hejuru na bitumen: Abaguzi bakwiye gushakisha?

Kubaguzi nka Mark Thompson, baguraasfaltnabitumenIbicuruzwa biva mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'Ubushinwa, Gutesha agaciro ibikoresho byiza cyane ni impungenge zo hejuru. Ubwiza bwaIbikoresho bya RawIngaruka zitaziguye imishinga yabakiriya be, yaba abashoferi ba aluminium, impengamiro yicyuma, cyangwaKubaka umuhandaamasosiyete. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhiga ibikomokaho:

• Kugenzura neza hamwe nimpano:Ibi ntabwo biganirwaho. Abaguzi bagomba gutsimbarara kuri raporo yubugenzuzi bwuzuye kuri buri cyiciro cyaasfaltcyangwabitumen. Shakisha abatanga isoko bakurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga (urugero, ASTM, Aashto, en). Impamyabumenyi Nka ISO 9001 (kubuyobozi bwiza) na ISO 14001 (kubidukikije) nibintu byiza byerekana ubwitange bwubwiza nubuzima bwiza. Twebwe, nk'urugero, twishimira imico yacu ikomeye cyane kumirongo ya 13. "Icyemezo cyemezo ni akababaro nyacyo," Mariko yigeze kumbwira. Ati: "Dukeneye abatanga ibicuruzwa dushobora kwizera."
• Kuba umwanda no mu burambe:Hitamo abatanga ibicuruzwa byagaragaye hamwe nuburambe mu mahanga byohereza mu karere kawe (USA, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, Ositaraliya, n'ibindi). Uruganda rwashyizweho rushobora kuba rufite umusaruro uhoraho kandi wumve ibintu bitoroshye byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Gusoma ubuhamya cyangwa gusaba ibyerekeranye birashobora gufasha.
• Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki:Gusobanura neza ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bisabwa kuriasfaltcyangwabitumen. Ibi birimo amanota yinjira, softening Point, viscosiya, nibisabwa byihariye byahinduweasfaltscyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye. Menya neza ko utanga isoko ashobora guhora yujuje ibi bisobanuro.
• Ibikoresho no kohereza:Ibikoresho byiza nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde gutinda bishobora guhungabanya umusaruro. Muganire ku masezerano yo kohereza, uyobore, gupakira (urugero, ingoma, cyangwa uburyo bwihariye nkaIfu ya Asfalt), hamwe nubunararibonye bwabatanga hamwe nubuvuzi mpuzamahanga. Utanga isoko yizewe azavugana kubyerekeye uko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe.
• Itumanaho n'inkunga:Itumanaho ryiza ni urufunguzo rwo gucuruza neza. Abahagarariye kugurisha ibicuruzwa bagomba kuba kubumenyi, bakira, kandi bashoboye gukemura ibibazo bya tekiniki. Ibi bifasha mugutunga ukutumvikana no gukemura ibibazo byose vuba. Mariko akunze gushimangira ko "itumanaho ridakora rishobora kuba buhenze nk'icyiciro kibi."
• Uburyo bwo kwishyura:Menya neza uburyo bwo kwishyura kandi bwizewe buboneka. Muganire ku magambo neza.

Mu kwibanda kuri izi ngingo, abaguzi barashobora kugabanya ingaruka zikomeye kandi bakaba kubaka umubano ukomeye hamwe nibitanga byizewe byaasfaltnabitumen, Kugenzura niba bakira ibikoresho byiza byujuje ibikenewe byumushinga nubukiriya.

11. Udushya muri tekinoroji ya ASPHALT: Gutanga ejo hazaza h'ibikorwa remezo by'imihanda

Theinganda za asfaltntabwo ari ihagaze; birakomeza guhindukaIterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya Asfaltagamije kuzamura imikorere, kuramba, no gukora neza. Utudushya ni uguhindura ejo hazazaIbikorwa Remezonuburyo dutekerezaasfaltnabitumen.

Iterambere rishimishije ririmo:

• Asfalt yokiza Asfalt:Abashakashatsi baratera imbereasfaltsibyo birashobora gusana ibice bito mu buryo bwikora. Ibi akenshi bikubiyemo kwinjiza microcapsules birimo rejuveors cyangwa fibre ibyuma, mugihe ashyushye no kwinjiza, gushongabitumenku kashe. Ibi birashobora kugabanya cyaneIbiciro byo kubungabungano kwagurapavementUbuzima.
• IMIKORESHEREZE YEREKANA INGINGO:Imishinga yicyitegererezo irasakaburimbo ya asfaltYinjijwe hamwe na piezoelectric ya kristu ishobora kubyara amashanyarazi kuva kumikoranire ya mashini yo gutambuka. Mugihe ukiri mubyiciro byambere, ibi birashobora guhindura imihanda mumasoko yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
• COVEVEMES:Ibi niasfaltsYagenewe kwerekana imirasire y'izuba kandi yongerera amazi, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibi birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zo gushyuha gukinisha, kubaka ingufu zo gukonja, no kuzamura ubwiza bwikirere.
• BIO-asfalt na bio-binders:Ubushakashatsi bukomeye bugiye gutera imberebitumenubundi buryo bwo kuba no-peteroliInkomoko nkiriyini (kuva mumbaho), mikorolgae, cyangwa amavuta yo guteka. Aya Bio-Binders Intego yo gukora byinshiasfalt yangiza ibidukikijeamahitamo no kugabanya kwishingikiriza kumashyamba yimbuto.
• Kongera uburyo bwo gutunganya:Udushya tunoza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ijanisha ryinshi ryaYagaruwe na asfalt kaburimbo(Rap) kandi yagaruwe asfalt shingles (ras) muri shyashyaasfalt ivanzeutabangamiye. Ibi birimo tekinoroji nziza yo kuvugurura kugirango igarure ibintu byabasazabitumen.
• Umuhanda wubwenge ufite sensor yashyizwemo:Kwinjiza sensomerIbice bya AsfaltIrashobora gutanga amakuru yukuri kubibazo byumuhanda,pavementubuzima, naikirere, Gushoboza kubungabunga neza no guteza imbere imicungire yumuhanda.

IbiUbuhanga bwa AsfaltErekana ubwitange bwo kurema Amarafu menshi, arambye, nubwengeIbikorwa Remezo. Nkuruganda rwahariwe kubyara ubuziranengeasfaltn'amakaratarIbicuruzwa, dukurikiza neza aya makuba. Gufata ikoranabuhanga rishya ridushoboza gutangabyizaIbicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo bya bigezwehoKubaka umuhandana porogaramu zinganda, amaherezo zitanga umusanzu mwizaUmuhandaN'ingojo irambye. Urugendo rwaasfaltni kure; Irasa nkinsino.

Imashini ikomeye:

• Asfaltni ibikoresho bigizwebitumen(binder) naigiteranyo, cyane cyaneikoreshwa mu kubaka umuhanda.
• Bitumenni aviscous, umukara, igice kinini cyapeteroli, gukora nkibyingenzibinderinasfalt ivanze.
• Tar(coaltar) ikomoka ku makara, bitandukanye na chimique kuvabitumen, none kandi yakoresheje byinshi mubisabwa byinganda kuruta generalGukora umuhanda.
• Hariho ibinyuranyeUbwoko bwa Asfalt(Kuvanga bishyushye, kuvanga ubushyuhe,Ubukonje buvanze asfalt, Kubaga, byahinduwe) bihujwe kubisabwa bitandukanye, kunyerera, hamwe na traffic traffic.
• Asfaltyiganje muriKubaka umuhandaBitewe nabyokuramba, guhinduka, kudasubiramo, naigiciro cyizaKamere.
• Iyoasfaltcyangwabitumen, kwibanda ku bugenzuzi bwiza, impamyabumenyi (ISO), gutanga uzwi, ibisobanuro bisobanutse, ibikoresho byizewe, no gushyikirana neza.
• Theinganda za asfaltni udushya, hamwe niterambere nko kwikizaasfalts, patameno nziza, na bio-guhuza bigamije cyane kandi birambaIbikorwa Remezo.
• GusobanukirwaItandukaniro ryingenzinaimitungo no gukoreshaby'ibi bikoresho bifasha muriGuhitamo uburenganziraamahitamo kuri buriUmushinga wo kubaka, kuringaniza ikiguzi n'imikorere.