Tar, Amakara Tar, Ikibuga cyamakara, Asfalt, na Petroleum - Ni irihe tandukaniro kumuhanda wawe nibikenewe mu nganda?

Burigihe wasangaga uyobewe namagambo nkatar, coal tar, Ikibanza cya coal-tar, asfalt, napeteroli? Nturi wenyine! Ibiumukara, viscousibikoreshos bakunze kuvugwa mubice bitavamoumuhanda kubakaKunyurainganda gusabas. Gusobanukirwa inkomoko yabo itandukanye, imitungo, nakoreshaS ni ngombwa, cyane cyane niba uri mu nganda zishingiye kuri bo. Iyi ngingo izagukuramo ibintu, sobanura ibyaboitandukaniros, kandi ukemure impamvu uhitamo uburenganziraibicuruzwaKandi utanga isoko, nkatwe hano kuri Zgfty, ni ngombwa kugirango ugere. Tuzashakisha uburyoamakaragutunganya umusaruro uko bifite agaciro, utepeteroliucuranga uruhare rwayo, nibyo wowe, nkumuguzi ushishoza nka Mark Thompson, ugomba gushakisha. Witegure kwibira cyane mwisi yizindi ngombwainganda ibikoreshos!

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Ijambo "tar"ni igikundiro kinini, gikunze gukoreshwa mugusobanura icyaricyo cyoseumubyimba, umwijima, viscousamazi yirabura. Ariko muburyo bwa tekiniki,tarisanzwe iterwa no gutandukanya kamaibikoreshos. Umwiharikoisokoy'iyi kamaibikoreshonibyo biduha ubwoko butandukanye bwatar. Kurugero, ibititarava mu giti, mugihetarDushishikajwe cyaneingandaIntego,coal tar, ikomokaamakara. Theitandukaniroinisokobiganisha ku kintu gikomeyeitandukaniroinimitiibigize kandi, kubwibyo, imitungo yabo nakoreshas.

Coal tarni umwihariko uko byagaragaye mugihe cya karubilisation yaamakarakubyaracoke(ikoreshwa mu ibyuma) cyangwagaze ya coal. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gushyushyaamakarakugeza ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane mugihe adahariikirere. Ibigo bihindagurika byasohotse mugihe cyo gushyuhacoal tar. Iyi nabicoal tarni uruvange rugoye rwaimiti urugandas, yiganjemo hydrocarbone, ibibazo, hamwe nibice bitugu. Bitandukanye nibinditars,coal tarni Umukireimitisbenzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Naphthalene, na Lantthracene, ishobora gukurwa ku binyuranyegusabas.

Rero, mugihe "Tar" ni manda rusange,coal tarni umwiharikoubwokoyatarhamwe no gusobanurwa nezaisoko-amakara. Urugandaimitikamere yacoal tarbituma bikaba byinshi biruha kandi bifite akamaroibikoreshougereranije na rusangetars ukomoka mubindi bituzi kama. Gusobanukirwa iyi shingiroitandukanironintambwe yambere mugushimira urwego rwayo runini rwakoreshas. Imitungo idasanzwe yacoal taruruti rutaziguyeamakaraIva nubushyuhe bukabije butunganije.

2. Coal Tar yasobanuwe: Ibikorwa byagaciro byanze bitunganya amakara?

Coal tarNukuri mubyukuri byanze bikunzeamakaragutunganya, byumwihariko kuva kuriUmusaruro wa Cokecyangwagaze ya coal. Ryariamakarayashyutswe n'ubushyuhe bukabije (akenshi burenga 900 ° C cyangwa 1650 ° muri f) mu bidukikije bya oxygen - mu buryo bwa ogisijeni - inzira izwi ku izina rya karubone cyangwa izwi - ntabwo itanga umusaruro gusacoke. Umubare munini w'ihindagurika wirukanwe, ukimara gukonjesha, condens kugirango ukore aumubyimba, viscousamazi yirabura: Abagomecoal tar. Ibi ntabwo ari imyanda gusa; ni ubutunzi bwaimiti urugandas. TheUmusaruroyacoal tarifitanye isano ninganda zidasanzwe (zikeneyecoke) hamwe na gaze yumujyi wamatekaUmusaruro.

Akamaro kacoal tararyamye mu bigize abakire kandi bigoye. Ni cocktail yamajana atandukanyeimitis, cyane cyane hydrocarbone nkabenzene. Benshi muribo kugiti cyabourugandaS irashobora gukurwa binyuze mu gutandukanya ibice, inzira itandukanya ibintu bishingiye kumanota yabo abitse. Ibi bikoracoal tarimbibiibikoreshokuriimitiinganda. Ibigizecoal tarirashobora gutandukana bitewe naubwokoyaamakaraByakoreshejwe hamwe nibisabwa kugirango habeho karubilisation, bigira ingaruka ku gikurikirakoreshanaibicuruzwakuvoma.

Amateka,coal tarbyabonetsekoreshamu buryo butandukanye. Mbere yo kuzamuka kwa peteroli, byari icyambereisokoKuri kama nyinshiimitiS ikoreshwa muri dyes, ibisasu, na farumasi. Ndetse no kuvura bimweImiterere y'uruhunkaprimosisnaeczema, cyangwa ibikoresho muriDandruffshampoos, mu mateka irimo amatekacoal tarBitewe no kurwanya ifishi na kurwanya imitungo. Ariko, abanzainganda koreshaUyu munsi uzenguruka kubindi byatunganije mukibuga, Creosote, hamwe nandi mavuta yihariye, hanyuma akoreshwa mu gisenge, pating, amatwi, nagukorayakaruboneibicuruzwa. Urugendo rwaamakaraKuricoal tarni Isezerano ryuburyo inzira yinganda zishobora guhindura umutungo wibanze muburyo bwinshi.

3. Gusobanukirwa ikibanza cyamakara: Niki gituma ibi bintu binonosowe bidasanzwe?

Ikibanza cya coal-tarni ngombwaibicuruzwabikomoka kubindi bikorwa byubugizi bwa nabicoal tar. Nyuma yintangiriroUmusaruroyacoal tarKuvaamakaraKaruboni, ihura nigice. Muri iki gikorwa, uduce dutandukanye tworoheje (nkamavuta yoroheje, amavuta ya kanseri, amavuta ya Naphthalene, Amavuta ya Naphthalene, Amavuta yo koza, hamwe namavuta ya Latracene) yakuwe mubushyuhe butandukanye. Ibisigaye nyuma yibi bice byihishe byagaragaye niIkibanza cya coal-tar. Ni ibisigisigi muribigutandukana kwa coal tar. Ibi bikoraIkibanza cya coal-tarInonosoye kandi yibanzeibikoreshougereranije n'ubugomecoal tar.

Umwihariko waIkibanza cya coal-taribinyoma mumitungo yayo. Ni aumukaracyangwa umwijima-brown-brownbikomeyeKu bushyuhe bwicyumba, nubwo bushobora kandi gukorwa muburyo bwamazi hamwe nuburyo butandukanyevicosity. Ibiranga ibyingenzi birimo ubushobozi buhebuje butarimo amazi, kurwanya cyaneimitiigitero (acide, alkalis, numworoma), gukomera gukomeye kubantu batandukanye, kandi hejurukaruboneibirimo. Iyi mitungo ikoraIkibanza cya coal-tarbidasanzwe bifatika kugirango usabe urwegoinganda gusabas. ThegukorayaIkibanza cya coal-tarirashobora guhuza kugirango ugere kubintu byihariye byoroshye kandivicosityamanota, bitewe nagenewekoresha.

Kurugero, hejurukaruboneIbirimo bikoraIkibanza cya coal-tarBinder yatoranijwe muriUmusaruroyakaruboneelectrode kumashuri nicyuma (nka Søderberg na anode yatembaga) na electrote ya videwo. Irakoreshwa kandi mu gisenge fese no gushiramo biterwa n'imico y'amazi, nka agutwikiraKuri Pipeline kugirango wirinde koromo, kandi mubishusho byihariye. Urwego rwihariye rwaIkibanza cya coal-tar, nkaUbushyuhe bwo Hagati AsfaltcyangwaUbushyuhe bwinshi, gutegeka ko bikwiriye kuri bitandukanyekoreshas. Ihinduka riva mu bubabarecoal targutunganyaIkibanza cya coal-tarKuzamura cyane agaciro kayo no gusaba mu nzego zihariye z'inganda.

4. Ibitekerezo byerekeranye no gutandukana: Coal Tar na Coal-Tar Igishusho - Barimo guhinduka?

Oya,coal tarnaIkibanza cya coal-tarrwose ntibihinduka, nubwo bifitanye isano rya bugufi. IbanzeitandukaniroKubeshya mubyiciro byabo byo gutunganya no guhagarika ibihimbano.Coal tarni intangiriro, igicucuamazi yiraburaByproduct yabonetse muri karubone yaamakara. Ni imvange igoye ikubiyemo kwihindagurikaimiti urugandas na molekile ziremereye. Tekereza nk'ibisi mbisiibikoreshogushya muricokeITANGAZO.

Ikibanza cya coal-tarKu rundi ruhande, biratunganijweibicuruzwabikomokacoal tarbinyuze mu gutandukana. Mu gihe cyagutandukana kwa coal tar, yoroshye, ibice byinshi bihindagurika (amavuta nka creosote, amavuta ya Naphthalene, nibindi) yakuweho.Ikibanza cya coal-tarEse ibisigisigi biremereye, bidahwitse byasigaye inyuma. Ibi bivuzeIkibanza cya coal-tarifite uburyo bwo hejuru cyane bwa hordrocardon, havamo amazi meza-ya molecrocarbone nibintu byoroheje cyane bya organileurugandas (vocs) ugereranije nubugomecoal tar. Ni abikomeyecyangwa igice-bikomeye ibikoreshoKu bushyuhe bwicyumba, mugihe gitocoal tarni amazi. Iyi shingiroitandukaniromuburyo bwumubiri kandiimitiGutegura gutegeka bitandukanyegusabas.

ThekoreshaImanza zibigaragaza nezaitandukaniro. Akajagaricoal tarBirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye, buke butunganijwe cyangwa, mubisanzwe, ni ugukora nk'amatafari yo gutandukana.Ikibanza cya coal-tar, hamwe numutungo wacyo nka hejurukaruboneIbirimo, ubushobozi buhebuje bwo guhuza, no gutanga amazi, na provided kugirango usabe byinshiingandainshingano. Kurugero, theUmusaruroya karubone ya karubone ya aluminium ishonga cyane yishingikiriza cyane kumanota yihariye yaIkibanza cya coal-tarnk'umuntu uhuza. Ntabwo wakoresha mbisicoal tarKubwibyo, nkuko ihindagurika ryayo byatera ibibazo mugihe cyo guteka no gukora. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imikorere-yo hejuruAmakara Tar PlakesByarateguwe kugirango byoroherane kandi byihariye byinganda aho guhuza kandi bitunganijwe byingenzi. Rero, mugihe byombi bivaamakara, Ikibanza cya coal-tarni inzira itunganijwe, kabuhariwe, kandi akenshi ifite agaciroibikoreshokuruta ababyeyi bayo,coal tar.

5. Asfalt idafunguye: ni igicucu, peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyo guhana umuhanda?

Iyi ni ingingo isanzwe yo kwitiranya ibintu! Mugihe byombiasfaltnatar(By'umwiharikocoal tar) niumukara, gukomeraibikoreshos yakoreshejwe muriumuhanda kubakano guhatanira, baratandukanye no kugira inkomoko zitandukanye. Theasfaltyiganjemo gukoreshwa mugutunganya umuhanda uyumunsi niPetroleum Asfalt, uzwi kandi nka tutumen. Ni ibihano byapeteroligutunganya. Iyo tunyeganyegaamavutabiragoye, ibice byoroheje nka lisansi, mazutu, na lisansi ya jet. Ibisigisigi biremereye, viscous byasigaye hepfo niPetroleum Asfalt.

Coal tar, nkuko twaganiriye, biva mu karaga kaamakara. Mugihecoal tarn'ibisigazwa byayo nkaIkibanza cya coal-tarByakoreshejwe mu matekaumuhandaKugaragara no kuba sawa (kandi biracyari mubisobanuro bimwegusabas cyangwa uturere),Petroleum Asfaltyahindutse paventibikoreshoku isi yose kubwimpamvu nyinshi, harimo nibiciro, kuboneka, nibiranga imikorere bihujwe bigezwehoumuhandaImiyoboro. TheitandukaniromuriimitiMakiya ni ngombwa:Petroleum Asfaltigizwe ahanini na aldrocarbone na Naphthecic, mugihecoal tarakungahaye kuri hydrocarbone. IbiitandukaniroBigira ingaruka kumitungo yabo, nkibibazo byabo byo guhinduka kwabo kwabo, kurwanya ikibazo, ndetse n'umunuko wabo.

Noneho, iyo ubonye abakozi barimoumuhanda, birashoboka cyane ko bakoreshaPetroleum Asfalt. Ni ngombwakoreshaamagambotarnaasfaltImyandiro muriki gice, cyane cyane mubiganiro bya tekiniki, kuko biganisha ku kutumvikana kuriibikoresho'isokon'umutungo. Mugihe byombi bishoborapavehejuru no kubikoraumukaran'amazi meza, imikorere yabo munsi yumuhanda,ibidukikijeIbitekerezo bijyanyekwerekanwano gutemba, no guhuza nibindiibikoreshos itandukanye. Kurugero,coal tarImyambarire izwiho kurwanya ubwiza kuripeteroli-Bibishe udusimba hamwe nibisubizo, umutungo udatangajwe muburyo busanzwePetroleum Asfalt. Guhitamo hagati yabo kubintu runakakubakaUmushinga akenshi biterwa nibisabwa mumikorere, amabwiriza yaho, nibiciro.

6. Uruhare rwa Petroleum: Nigute amavuta yubukorikori ahujwe na asfalt nibindi bicuruzwa byinganda?

Peteroli, cyangwa inkubaamavuta, ni ibintu bisanzwe, umuhondo-amazi yiraburawasangaga munsi yisi, ishobora kunonosorwa kubyara ibitutsi byinshi kandiinganda ibicuruzwas. Guhuzaasfaltni itaziguye kandi ryibanze: ikunze kugaragaraubwokoyaasfaltByakoreshejwe muri iki gihe, cyane cyaneumuhandapaving, niPetroleum Asfalt(bitumen), aribyoyakomokagabiturutse ku gutunganyapeteroli. Mugihe cyo gutandukana nigitubaamavuta, ibice bitandukanijwe bishingiye kumanota yabo abitse. Ibice byoroheje nka lisansi, kerosene, na mazutu bakuweho mbere, basiga inyuma yikigize kiremereye.Petroleum Asfaltnigice kiremereye, kinini cyane, hepfo-ya-barrel ibisigisigi.

Ibintu byihariye byaPetroleum AsfaltBikore Binder mwiza kuri comgregates (nk'amabuye n'umucanga) kuremaasfaltbeto, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mumihanda ya kaburimbo. Kamere yayo ya viscoelasti ituma ikomera kandi iramba ariko irahinduka bihagije kugirango ihangane imitwaro yumuhanda nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe. TheUmusaruroyaPetroleum Asfaltirashobora kugenzurwa kugirango yerekane amanota atandukanye hamwe no gukomera gutandukanye kandivicosity, bikwiranye nimibare itandukanye nibihe byimodoka. Ibi bikorapeterolikuneguraisoko ibikoreshoku isi yosekubakainganda.

Birenzeasfaltkumihanda,peteroliniisokoy'izindi ntangarugeroinganda ibicuruzwas. Petrochemicals, yakomotsepeterolina gaze karemano, biramenyerewegukoraplastike, reberi ya synthetike, ibisasu, ifumbire, hamwe nibindi byinshiimitis. Ndetse n'ubwoko bumwekarubone, ikoreshwa nka pigment kandi ihamire umukozi mumapine hamwe na reberiibicuruzwas, irashobora kubyarapeteroliibiryo. Mugihe intego yacu yibanze hano akenshicoal tarn'ibisigazwa byayo, ni ngombwa kumenyapeteroliNka yandi majoriisokoya hydrocarbone igabanya isi yacu kandi itange ibyingenziibikoreshos kubuzima bwa none, harimo nibisanzweumukarapavingibikoreshoturahamagayeasfalt. Igipimo kinini cyapeteroligutunganya bisobanura koPetroleum AsfaltMuri rusange birahari kandi bikagira ingaruka nziza kumishinga nini yimishinga.

7. Kugereranya Titani: Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yamakara, asfalt, nibicuruzwa bya peteroli mugukoresha nimitungo?

Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagaticoal taribicuruzwa,Petroleum Asfalt, nibindipeteroli-Ibyabayeibikoreshos ningirakamaro kugirango uhitemo iburyoibicuruzwaKuri Byihariyegusaba. Mugihe bashobora rimwe na rimwe kugaragarabisa(urugero,umukara, viscous), inkomoko yabo,imitiIbihimbano, nibiranga imikorere biratandukanye cyane.Coal tarn'impapuro zayo,Ikibanza cya coal-tar, garuka kuvaamakara, mugihePetroleum Asfalt(bitumen) nibindipeteroliibicuruzwa niyakomokagaKuvaamavuta.

Coal tarIbicuruzwa bikungahaye kuri hydrocarbons ya polycyclic (pahs), ibaha imbaraga nziza kuriamazi, amavuta, ibicanwa, kandiimitis. Ibi bituma biba byiza byo gukingira, abadoda mugusaba ibidukikije, kandi nka bunders murikaruboneIbicuruzwa nka electrode (kubera hejurukaruboneumusaruro). Ariko, kubonekaPahsbisobanura kandi gukora neza kandiibidukikijeIbitekerezo bijyanyekwerekanwabirakenewe.Coal tarIbikoresho bishingiye bikunze kwirwanaho uv kwangirika kurenza bamwepeteroliasfalts.

Petroleum AsfaltKu rundi ruhande, ahari hagizwe na hodrocarbone na Naphthecic. NigaganjeibikoreshokuriumuhandaPaving kubera imitungo myiza yabyo hamwe na comgretret, guhinduka, hamwe nibiciro-ku rugero runini. Mugihe itanga amazi meza, irwanyapeteroli-Bimari ihuza muri rusange iri munsi yiyacoal tar. IkindipeteroliIbicuruzwa, nka fuels na lubriricars, bafite ibihimbano bitandukanye (iminyururu yoroheje hydrocarbone) kandikoreshas. Theitandukaniroinimiti urugandamicoup iganisha ku kugendera ku ngufu zitandukanye, viscozeties, kandi ikwiranye na bitandukanyeingandainzira. Kurugero, theUmusaruroy'amavuta yihariye yihariye arashobora gutoneshwacoal tarKurwanya imiti yo hejuru, mugihe igipimo kinini-cyigipimo hafi buri gihekoresha Petroleum Asfalt.

Dore kugereranya byoroshye:

Iyi mbonerahamwe yerekana ko guhitamoibikoreshoni guterwa cyane nibisabwa byihariye byagusaba, harimo n'ibikenewe mu mikorere,ibidukikijeamabwiriza, n'ibiciro. Nkigice, twihariye muricoal tarIbicuruzwa no gusobanukirwa nunes zituma biba byizaingandaImirenge.

8. Kuki gukuramo amakara menshi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru na peteroli coke kunegura ubucuruzi bwawe?

Kubucuruzi nka abw by Mark Thompson, ushobora kuguracoal taribicuruzwa (nkaAmakara Tar) naCotroleum CokeKuri resale to aluminium, impengamisi, cyangwaKubaka umuhandaIbigo, Gutesha agaciro ubuziranengeibikoreshontabwo ari uguhitamo gusa - ni ngombwa. Ubwiza bw'iyi mbisiibikoreshoS Ingaruka zitaziguye imikorere yimperukaibicuruzwas hamwe n'imikorere yaingandainzira bakoreshwa muri. Kurugero, mumashuri, ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika kwaIkibanza cya coal-tarikoreshwa nka bunder kurikaruboneameode ni ngombwa. Umwanda cyangwa gutandukana mubwiza bwa pinte birashobora kunanirwa no kunanirwa kwa Anode, kongera ibyo kurya byingufu, no kugabanya aluminimuUmusarurogukora neza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubuziranenge bwaCotroleum Coke(cyane cyane kubaraCotroleum Coke) bigira ingaruka kumikorere yayo nka akaruboneraser mu ibyuma cyangwa nk'ibisingiibikoreshokuri Acode.

Ubuziranengecoal tarcyangwaCotroleum Cokeirashobora kumenyekanisha ibibazo. Ibi birashobora kubamo bidahuyevicositycyangwa ibintu byoroshye muriIkibanza cya coal-tar, biganisha ku ngorane zo gutunganya noibicuruzwainenge. KuriCotroleum Coke, ibibazo nkibirimo byinshi sulfuru ikibazo, cyangwa ibyuma bitifuzwa birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi zayokoreshaMuri gahunda ya metallurgique cyangwa gutanga umusanzu kuriibidukikijekubahiriza ibibazo. Nk'umuntu uri muriUmusaruroUruhande, nkanjye, Allen, nabonye ubwanjye uko imyumvire yo kutaboramo ishobora kunyeganyega mu ruhererekane rwose. Twashora imari cyane muri 7Umusaruroimirongo kugirango tumenye ko dushobora gutunganya imbibicoal tarneza kandi bitanga umusaruro uhoraho, muremure-ubuziranengeIkibanza cya coal-tarn'ibindi bikomokaho.

Ikimenyetso cya Markly Thompson kubyerekeye ubugenzuzi bwicyitegererezo nicyemezo rero cyemewe rwose. Abatanga isoko bizewe bagomba gutanga ibyiringiro byuzuye, harimo kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga (nka iso) hamwe no gutanga amakuru mu mucyoibicuruzwaIbisobanuro. Uburiganya Icyemezo nikibazo gikomeye, kandi abaguzi bakeneye abafatanyabikorwa biyemeje kuba inyangamugayo. Gutererana ubuziranengecoal tarnaCotroleum Cokenanone kugabanyaibidukikijeIngaruka zijyanye numwanda kandi urebe ko finalegusabas guhura nibisabwa. Ubwanyuma, Ubwiza buhamye buganisha ku mikorere myiza, kugabanya ibibazo byibikorwa, hamwe nicyubahiro gikomeye kubucuruzi nka Mark's itanga ibi bibazoibikoreshos kugeza kubakoresha. Nishoramari mu kwizerwa no kunyurwa kubakiriya.

9.

Isoko ryacoal tarIbicuruzwa ni bitandukanye, hamwe namanota atandukanye nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwihariyeinganda gusabas. Guhitamo uburenganziraibicuruzwani ngombwa kugirango ukore neza imikorere nibiciro. Urufunguzogusabas forcoal taribikomokaho, cyane cyaneIkibanza cya coal-tar, shyiramokoreshanka fander murigukorayakaruboneAnodes ya aluminium ishonga nibishushanyo bya electrode ya arc yamashanyarazi arc mumaseko. HejurukaruboneIbirimo hamwe nagaciro keza korozi ni ngombwa hano. Ikindi cyingenzikoreshani mubikoresho byo gusakara, aho imitungo yacyo ifite agaciro gakomeye.Coal tarenamels kandi ikwiranye nayo ikoreshwa mugurinda imiyoboro n'inzego zo mu nyanja mu rugero kubera kurwanya ibikuruamazinaimitis.

Iyo uhitamo acoal tar ibicuruzwa, ibintu byinshi biza gukina. Ingingo yoroshye cyane ni ibikorwa bikomeye kubibuga, bigena ubushyuhe kuriibikoreshoInzozi zo mu mwobobikomeyekuri leta ya pulasitike.VicosityKu bushyuhe bwo gusaba nabwo bukorwa byingenzi mugukemura no gutunganya. Kurugero, aUbushyuhe bwinshi.Ubushyuhe bwo Hagati Asfaltbirashobora kuba bikwiranye nibindi bikorwa byo guhuza cyangwa guhita. Ibikubiye mubice byihariye nka Quinline ibicucu (Qi), Toluene ibicucu (TI), na Beta-byongeye kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya pitch nka bunder.

Byongeye kandi, kubisabwa nkaumuhanda kubakacyangwa gusana, byihariyecoal tar-bibashe cyangwaYahinduwe asfaltibicuruzwa (bishobora rimwe na rimwe kubacoal tarHashingiwe cyangwa uvanze) birashobora guhitamo kuramba kwabo no kurwanya lisansi. Nka nyiri uruganda, njye, Allen, burigihe kigira inama abakiriya nka Mark Thompson kugirango basobanure neza-koreshan'ibisabwa. Ibi bidufasha gusaba ibikwiye cyanecoal tar ibicuruzwa, yaba urwego rusanzwe cyangwa forelation yihariye. Gusobanukirwa Impapuro za tekiniki no kwemezaibicuruzwaahura n'ibipimo ngenderwaho ni ngombwa. Dukunze gukorana nabakiriya kugirango tumenye nezacoal tar ibicuruzwabahitamo kuva kumurongo wacu, baba kunyeganyega, guhagarika, cyangwa amazi, bihuza neza naboUmusaruroinzira no kwitegereza ubuziranenge. Bijyanye no guhuza ibintu bidasanzwe byacoal tarkubikenewe byagusaba.

10. Kubona utanga isoko yizewe mubushinwa: Abaguzi bakwiye kuba abaguzi nka Mark Thompson bashyira imbere?

Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga nka Mark Thompson wo muri Amerika, Ako kanyacoal taribicuruzwa naCotroleum CokeKuva mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nka China birashobora gutanga ibiciro byo guhatanira. Ariko, irazana nibibazo bishobora kuba. Noneho, shyira imbere ibintu bimwe mugihe uhitamo utanga isoko ningirakamaro mubikorwa byoroheje kandi byiza. Ikimenyetso cya Mark kirimo - kugenzura ubuziranenge, ibyemezo, ibikoresho, nuburyo bwo kwishyura - ni ukuri - ni uko rwose umuguzi ushishoza agomba kwibandaho. Ingingo yababajwe, nkibitekerezo bidashoboka no kohereza ibicuruzwa bidashoboka, bikagaragaza ko hakenewe umufatanyabikorwa wizewe rwose.

Mbere na mbere,Ubwishingizi Bwizani igihe kinini. KwizerwaUruganda rwa Coal Tarigomba kugira sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura, kuva mbisiibikoresho (amakara) gufata umukino wanyumaibicuruzwaKohereza. Ibi birimo kugerageza buri gihe kubipimo byingenzi (ingingo yoroshye,vicosity, Ibirimo invu, qi, ti, nibindi) no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Abaguzi bagomba gushakisha abatanga ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano nuburyo bwabo bwo kwipimisha kandi bafite ubushake bwo gutanga ibyemezo byisesengura (akamba) bivuye mubintu bizwi, bigenga nibisabwa. Nkigice gifite 7Umusaruroimirongo, twe kuri Zgfty twumva akamaro ko guhuza, kandi turemeza ibyacucoal tarnaIkibanza cya coal-tarIbicuruzwa byujuje ibisobanuro birambuye. Impamyabumenyi zemewe, nka ISO 9001 kubidukikije neza kandi birashoboka ISO 14001 kuriibidukikijeGucunga, nibipimo byiza byiyemeje kubatanga. Ibyabaye kuri Mark hamwe na rimwe na rimwe icyemezo cyemewe gishimangira gukenera kugenzura ibyangombwa nkibyo.

Ibikoresho n'itumanaho ni ibindi bice bikomeye. Abanyapolitiki boherezwa mu mahanga nkatwe, kohereza buri gihe muri Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya, bumva ibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga, no gutanga ku gihe. Kuza neza, kwihuta, no gukora neza, nibyiza kubahagarariye kugurisha bafite gusobanukirwa nezaibicuruzwaKandi ibyo umuguzi akeneye (niyo atari kuba tekiniki), birashobora gukumira ukutumvikana no gutinda. Gukemura ikibazo cya Mariko kubyerekeye itumanaho ridahagije ni urufunguzo; Utanga isoko agomba gukora cyane kandi yitabira. Uburyo bworoshye kandi bwitondewe bwo kwishyura nayo agira uruhare mubucuti bwizewe. Ubwanyuma, abaguzi nka Mark bagomba gushaka ubufatanye burebure na aUruganda rurerure rufite igikojo hamwe n'abatanga isokoibyo ntibigaragaza ibiciro byo guhatanira gusa, ahubwo no kwiyemeza kutajegajega k'ubuziranenge, kwizerwa, no gukora serivisi zabakiriya, bityo bikangiza ingaruka zijyanye nakwerekanwagutanga urunigi.

Ibyingenzi bifata kwibuka:

• Tarni ijambo rusange;coal tarni By'umwiharikoamakaraKaruboni, umukire kuri Aromaticimitis.
• Ikibanza cya coal-tarni ibisigisigi bitunganijwe kuvacoal targutandukanya, mubisanzwe abikomeyehamwe no hejurukaruboneIbirimo, bikoreshwa nkibihuru no kubatato.
• Asfaltikoreshwa muriumuhandaPaving isanzwePetroleum Asfalt(bitumen), ibisigisigi by'ubugizi bwa nabiamavutagutunganya, gutandukanya imitimacoal tar.
• PeteroliniisokoyaPetroleum Asfaltn'ibindi bihanga byinshi kandiinganda ibicuruzwas.
• Theitandukaniros Inkomoko (amakaranapeteroli) biganisha ku buryo butandukanyeimitiibihimbano, imitungo, nagusabas kuri ibiumukara, viscousibikoreshos.
• Kuriingandaikoresha nka aluminium ishonga, ibyuma, hamwe nimbaga yihariye, imitungo yihariye yacoal tarnaIkibanza cya coal-tar(urugero, hejurukarubone, imitiKurwanya) birahabwa agaciro gakomeye.
• Gutererana ubuziranengecoal taribicuruzwa naCotroleum Cokebisaba guhitamo neza utanga ibitekerezo, kwibanda kubwubwishingizi bwiza, impamyabumenyi yemewe, ibikoresho byizewe, hamwe no gushyikirana neza kugirango wirinde ibibazo nkibibazo nka Mark Thompson.
• Gusobanukirwa noterori hagati yibiibikoreshos ifasha mugukora ibyemezo bisobanutse kubintu bitandukanyekubakanainganda gusabas, kwemeza uburenganziraibicuruzwaikoreshwa kubwintego nziza.