Asfalt vs tar vs bs bitumen: Gukuramo itandukaniro ryo guhana, inzira nyabagendwa, nikoreshwa ryinganda

Urujijoasfalt, tar, nabitumen? Nturi wenyine. Aya magambo akunze gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe, cyane cyane iyo tuganira kumihanda kandiinzira, ariko kuvuga ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe ninkomoko zitandukanye, imitungo, na porogaramu. Gusobanukirwaitandukaniro hagati ya bitumen, tar, naasfaltni ngombwa niba ubigizemo uruhareKubaka umuhanda, Gukuramo ibikoresho byo gushakisha inganda nka aluminiyumu gushonga cyangwa gukora ibyuma, cyangwa amatsiko gusa kubintu byirabura bigize imihanda yacu. Iyi ngingo izagurika ibyo bikoresho, isobanura icyo buri wese ari, uko bitandukanye (asfalt vs tar), kandi kuki uhitamo uburenganzira bumwe bujyanye n'imikorere,kuramba, no gukora ibiciro. Nkigice gifite uburambe bwagutse mugutangacoal tarIbicuruzwa na Cotroleum Coke, tuzabasangira ubushishozi kugirango bagufashe gufata ibyemezo byuzuye.

Niki Asfalt yagizwe?

Asfalt, murwego rwaKubaka umuhandano guhana, ntabwo arimwe na kimwe ahubwo ibintu bifatika. Bitekerezeho nka beto, ikoreshasimanka abinderkuriigiteranyo(nk'umucanga na kaburimbo). Mu buryo nk'ubwo,asfaltpavement ni uruvange rwaigiteranyo(Kumenagura ibuye, umucanga, cyangwa amabuye, gukora igice kinini cyibikoresho) na abinder. Thebinderni ikintu cyingenzi gifiteigiteranyohamwe, gutanga imiterere no guhinduka.

IbisanzwebinderByakoreshejwe muri iki gihekora asfaltpavement nibitumen. Ibibitumenivanze nubunini butandukanye bwaigiteranyo- KuvaCoarseamabuye kuriIgiteranyo cyizank'umucanga - hamwe na afilleribikoresho. Umubare ugenzurwa neza kugirango ugere kubiranga imikorere. Imvange irashyuha (ubushyuhe hagati ya 300 na 350dogere celius), bivanze neza, hanyuma ushireho kandi urezwe mugihe ukiri ashyushye kugirango akore abyoroshye, ubuso buramba. Rero, iyo abantu bavuze kubyerekeye "Umuhanda wa Asfalt"cyangwa"Umuhanda wa Asfalt", ubusanzwe barimo kuvugaasfaltbeto, byemejwe nezaUruvange rwa bitumennaigiteranyo.

Bigezwehoasfaltimvange zagenewe byihariyeIkirereIbisabwa hamwe na traffic. Imitungo yabitumen bindern'ubwoko / gutanga amanota yaigiteranyoIhindura cyane kuri kaburimbo yo kuvuza, gutagirana, no kwangiza ubushuhe. Ibisobanuro byaasfaltyemerera injeniyeri gukora kaburimbo ibereye kuri byose kuva guturainzira nyabagendwa na parikingibyinshi kugeza kumihanda mirerure. Ibi byakozwe nezaAsfalt ni imvangeibyo bitanga nyirayo kandiamazi ubusoTwishingikirije buri munsi.

Tar yabisobanuye: biva he kandi bitandukanye gute?

Bitandukanyeasfalt(bisaba cyane cyanebitumenbikomokapeteroli,tarni ibintu bitandukanye.Tarni akubicuruzwayabonetse muriGutandukanya kwangiza ibikoresho kama. Ibi bivuze gushyushya ibikoresho nkaamakara cyangwa inkwimugihe cyo kubura umwuka. Ifishi ikunze kugaragara ijyanye no gukoresha amateka ninganda nicoal tar, byakozwe mugihe cyo gutondekanya ahoamakaraashyuha kugirango akore coke (yakoreshejwe muburyo bwo gusebanya) na gaze yamakara.

Coal tarni umubyimba, umukara,amazi mezaikubiyemo kwibanda cyaneHydrocarbone. Amateka,coal taryakoreshejwe nka abinderMu kubaka umuhanda, biganisha ku manda "Tarmac"(ngufi kuri tarmacadam, uburyo bwo guhagarika umuhanda bwangirika na Edgar Purnell Hooley irimotarn'ibuye ryajanjaguwe). Ariko, ikoreshwa ryayo ryanze cyane mu bice byinshi byisi, cyane cyane ibibazo byubuzima nibidukikije bifitanye isano nibinyabuzima byamarika (vocs) birekura, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gushyushya no gusaba.

Mugihe ikoreshwahejuru yumuhandaGusaba ubu biragarukira,coal tarKandi disanisate yayo (nkaAmakara Tar Plakes) Komeza ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi munganda zitandukanye. Bakoreshwa mugukora ibisenge, umuyoborogutwikiraenamel, amashusho, irangi, kandi cyane, nkabunderskuri electrode ya karubone ikoreshwa mumashuri ashonga kandi asebanya. UmwiharikoimitiyaAmakara Tar, yakomokagaamakara, kora ikintu cyingenzi aho imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe ninzego zihariye za karubone zirakenewe. Gusobanukirwaitandukaniro hagati ya bitumen na taritangirana n'inkomoko yabo:bitumenKuvaamavuta, tarKuvaamakara cyangwa inkwigutandukanya.

Bitumen byashyizwe ahagaragara: Ese irindi zina rya asfalt?

Dore aho urujijo rwinshi. MugiheasfaltnabitumenBifitanye isano, ntabwo arikintu kimwe, nubwo amagambo akunzeByakoreshejwe kimwe, cyane cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe.Bitumennibinderibiceimbere asfaltpavement. Ni agukomera, cyaneviscousigice-gikomeye cyangwa amazibikomoka kuri peteroli. By'umwihariko,bitumenni kure cyaneagacebyabonetse mubyoagahindayaamavuta- Ibisigisigi bisigaye nyuma yo koroka amatara nka lisansi, mazutu, kandi amavuta yo gusiga yakuweho. Ibisigisigi bikunze kwitabwahovacuum hepfomuburyo bwo gutunganya.

Bitumenni uko bisanzwekumeneka. Uruhare rwarwo rwibanze muriasfaltpavement nuguhuzaigiteranyoibice (umucanga, amabuye, ibuye ryajanjaguwe) hamwe, rikora ikintu na gihamyepavementimiterere. Iratanga kandi ibiranga amazi cyangwa kurinda ibice byibanze byumuhanda uva mu mazi.Bitumenubwayo ni yoroshye cyane kandi yubushyuhe-buke bwo gukoreshwa nka ahejuru yumuhandawenyine; ikeneye inkunga yububiko bwaigiteranyo. Tekerezabitumennka kole, kandiasfaltNkuko imiterere yazengurutse (igiteranyo na bitumenguhuzwa).

Rero, mugihebitumenni urufunguzoicyendainasfaltpavement,asfaltbivugaibikoresho byose bigizeikoreshwa mu guhana. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi (nk'uburayi), "bitumen" nijambo risanzwe ryakoreshwaga mu kwerekeza kuri Binder, igihe muri Amerika ya Ruguru "cyangwa gusa" "asfalt"Akenshi ikoreshwa kuri Binder, na"asfaltbeto "kuri kaburimbo yanyuma. Tutitaye kuri terminology,bitumen ni inkoni, viscous binderbikomokaamavuta, itandukanyetarBivaamakara.

Asfalt vs Tar vs BStumen: Ni ubuhe buryo bwingenzi mu nkomoko n'imiterere?

Reka tuvuge nezaItandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya asfalt, bitumen, natar. Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro ni ngombwa muguhitamo ibikoresho byiza kubisabwa byihariye, byaba birimo aumuhandacyangwa gukoresha muburyo bwinganda.

Ishingiroitandukaniro hagati ya bitumen na tarKubeshya Inkomoko yabo:bitumenbivapeteroli, mugihetarbikomokaamakara(cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ibiti). Ibi biganisha ku itandukaniro rikomeye muriboimitikandi bikwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye.Asfaltrero, nibicuruzwa bya mobileGukoresha bitumennkaGuhuza umukozikuriigiteranyogukora irambapavement ubuso. BitumenMubisanzweIbyiza Byizano hepfoUbushyuhe bworoshyeugereranije na gakondotar, kubigira guhitamo bigezwehoKubaka umuhanda.

Urashobora kugikoreshwa mugutunga umuhanda hamwe ninzira yinzira?

Mugihetar(By'umwiharikocoal tar) Byari ibintu bisanzwe byo kugaburira kera, biganisha kuri manda "Tarmac, "Gukoresha muri iki giheKubaka umuhandano guhatanirainzirayagabanutse cyane mu bihugu byinshi. Impamvu zibanze ni impungenge zubuzima nibidukikije bifitanye isano nibice bihindagurika byabonetsecoal tar. Iyo ushyushye gusaba,tarirekura impfamu zirimo ibintu bishobora kwangiza, harimo na karcinorosns. Byongeye kandi,tar-Bishingiye ku kabati gakoreshwa kuriinzira nyabagendwa na parikingiUbufindo burashobora kwambara no kwanduza ubutaka buringaniye.

Kubwibyo,bitumen-Bishingiyeasfaltyasimbuwe ahaninitaryo guha ibikoresho Porogaramu.Asfaltimvange ukoreshejebitumenMuri rusange bifatwa neza gukora no gutanga ibyuka bike byangiza mugihe cyo gusaba. Bakunda kandi gutanga ibintu byiza biranga, harimo no guhinduka cyaneIbihe bitandukanye, kunozakuramba, kandi urwane neza kwiyambura (aho Uwitekabindergutandukanya naigiteranyo). Mugihe ibyangombwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa uturere twihariye bishobora kubishakishatar-Bishingiye kubicuruzwa, cyane cyane kuri kashe, ntabwo bikiri bisanzwe bishyapavementkubaka.

Kubisaba bisaba ibintu byihariye byacoal tar, nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa imiterere yihariye ya karubone, imikoreshereze yacyo irakomeje igenamigambi ryinganda rigenzurwa. Ibi birimo gukoraAsfalt idasanzwe kuri onportfies, ibikoresho byo gusarura, kandi byingenzi,Amakara Tarnka abinderkuri electrode ya karubone muri aluminium n'inganda. Ariko, kubera umubare munini wuburinganire (umuhanda, inzira, Parikingi,bitumen-Bishingiyeasfaltni ibintu byatoranijwe kandi byiganje.

Nigute imiti ya shimi ya bitumen na tar igira ingaruka ikoreshwa?

Itandukanyeimitiyabitumennatarni inshingano zimyitwarire yabo itandukanye.Bitumen, kuba ibisigisigi kuvaamavuta agahinda, bigizwe ahanini na molekile nini ya hydrocarbole, harimo asfaltene, resive, n'amavuta. Ibi bice bitangabitumenibirangaviscous, kumeneka, naamaziimitungo, bikabigira byizabinderkuriigiteranyoinasfaltpavements. YayoAmazikuri minervaligiteranyoirakomeye, kandi imitungo yayo irashobora guhinduka (urugero, gukoresha polymers) kugirango yongeza imikorere yihariyeIkireres cyangwa munsi yumuhanda uremereye. Ariko,bitumenirashobora kwibasirwa na okidation no gusaza mugihe, birashobokainsinga.

Coal tar, biva kuriGutandukanya amakara, ni umukire muriHydrocarbone, harimo na Polyccike Hydrocarbone (pahs). Iyi miti yimiti itangatarkurwanya imbaraga kumazi n'imiti, niyo mpamvu ifite agaciro kemezegutwikirano gusaba kudoda. Ariko,tarmuri rusange bifite hejuruUbushyuhe bworoshyekurutabitumen, bisobanura guhuzagurika bihindura cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwihindagurika - birashobora kuboroshya cyane mubushyuhe kandiinsingamu mbeho. Byongeye kandi, kuba hari pahs itera impungenge zubuzima nibidukikije, bikagabanya imikoreshereze, cyane cyane mubisabwa birimo guhuza cyangwa gusohora nkibikoresho.

Ibiimitigutegeka uburyo bwabo bwibanze.Bitumenni byizaIbikorwa, gushikama ugereranije, hamwe ningaruka zubuzima bwo hasi bituma habaho ibitekerezo byinshi bisabwa muriKubaka umuhanda. Tar'stution yihariye imiti hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwa karubone (mugihe cyo gushushanya) gukora bitagaragara kubikorwa byinganda nkuruginazangobunders(urugero,Ubushyuhe bwo Hagati Asfaltyakomokaga mumakara tar tar) kuri electrode, amakera adasanzwe, hamwe nibikorwa bimwe bya kashe. Theitandukaniro hagati ya bitumen na tarmumiterere yimiti nimpamvu yibanze ntabwo ihinduranya kugirango ikoreshwe cyane.

Ni ubuhe bwoko busanzwe bwa asfalt bukoreshwa mubwubatsi?

Asfaltntabwo ari ingano-ihuye - ibikoresho byose. BitandukanyeUbwoko bwa Asfaltimvange zagenewe intego zitandukanye muriKubaka umuhandano kubungabunga. Itandukaniro risanzwe ririmo ubwoko nicyiciro cyabitumenikoreshwa, ingano nubwoko bwaigiteranyo, igipimo cya buri kintu, kandi hiyongereyeho impinduka. Gusobanukirwa ubu bwoko bufasha muguhitamo neza kandiubukunguigisubizo cyumushinga watanzwe.

Hano haribisanzweUbwoko bwa Asfalt:

1. Bishyushye Bishyushye Asfalt (HMA):Ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane bwo guhana umuhanda,inzira, nainzira. Igiteranyonabitumenbashyushye (akenshi hagatiDogere 300 na 350) kandi bivanze kuri anasfaltTera mbere yo kujyanwa kurubuga, ushyizwemo, kandi uhujwe mugihe gishyushye. Itanga imbaraga,araramba, nabyoroshye ubuso. Ibitandukanya bibaho muri HMA, nkibivanze-amanota menshi (byiza byose-hafi yimikorere), matrix yamabuyeasfalt.
2. Ivanga ishyushye Asfalt (WMA):Bisa na HMA, ariko byakozwe kandi bikoreshwa kubushyuhe bwo hasi (mubisanzwe 20-40 ° C hepfo). Ibi bigezweho ukoresheje inyongera cyangwa inzira zigabanyavicosityyabitumen binder. WMA itanga inyungu zibidukikije (imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugura lisansi make) kandi yemerera intera ndende hamwe nibihe ikirere gikonje.
3. Ubukonje buvanga asfalt:Ubu bwoko bukoresha abitumen emulsioncyangwa kugabanyabitumenibyo ntibisaba gushyushya gusaba. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugusenya ibinogo, gusana by'agateganyo, cyangwa guhaga imihanda miri nto cyangwainzira. Muri rusangeararambaKuruta HMA ariko byoroshye kandi bihendutse gusaba, cyane cyane kumirimo mito cyangwa mu turere twa kure.
4. Asfalt ya Mastic:Isuku cyane, ivanze idafite imbaraga hamwe nisumbabitumenibirimo. Bikunze gusukwa aho kuzunguruka kandi bitanga byizaamaziing nakuramba. Ikoreshwa mu kiraro cyo kuzerera, gusakara, hasi, na kabuhariwehejuru yumuhandaPorogaramu.
5. Yahinduwe asfalt:Ibi bikubiyemo kongera polymers cyangwa abandi bahindura kuribitumen binderKongera ibintu byihariye nka dilastique, irwanya gukuramo cyangwa gucikamo, no gukora kumikorere yagutse cyane. Ibicuruzwa nkaYahinduwe asfaltcyangwaUbushyuhe bwinshiKugwa muri iki cyiciro, gihujwe no gusaba ibintu.

Guhitamo ubwoko bwiburyo biterwa nibintu nkijwi ryumuhanda,Ikirere, bije, bisaba ubuzima bwose, nibikenewe byihariye byapavement.

Ni ukubera iki kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye mugihe cyo gukuramo Asfalt na STAR?

Kubashinzwe amasoko nka Mark Thompson, Gukuramo ibikoresho nkaasfaltbicers (bitumen) cyangwa ingandataribicuruzwa (nkaAmakara Tar) bikubiyemo ibirenze kubona igiciro gito. Igenzura ryiza nibyingenzi kuko imikorere no kuramba byibicuruzwa byanyuma - byaba ahejuru yumuhanda, aluminium anode, cyangwa kurindagutwikira- biterwa cyane kumiterere ya binder. Ibikoresho bidahuye cyangwa bikaba bishobora kunanirwa kunanirwa imburagihe, gusana bihenze, umusaruro utara, ndetse ningaruka zumutekano.

Guharanira ubuziranenge buhamye butangirana na gahunda yo gukora. Abatanga isoko ryizewe, nkuruganda rwacu mubushinwa hamwe nimirongo 7 yumusaruro, gushyira mubikorwa cheque nziza mubyiciro bitandukanye - kugerageza ibikoresho fatizo byinjira byinjira (amavutaIbice byabitumen, rubicoal tarkubibuga) gukurikirana ibipimo byateganijwe (agahindaubushyuhe, kuvanga ibipimo) no kugerageza ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Ibipimo by'ingenzi kuribitumenShyiramo amanota yinjira (gukomera), ahantu ho koroshya (kurwanya ubushyuhe), viccosity, na wigihogo. KuriAmakara Tar, ibintu byingenzi ni ibintu byoroshye, Guhangana Agaciro, Quinline Ibicucu (QI), na Toluene ibicucu (TI), bigira ingaruka kumikorere yayo nka abindermuri electrode.

Abaguzi bakeneye ibyiringiro ko ibikoresho bakiriye byujuje ibisobanuro bisabwaIgihe cyose. Ibi bikubiyemo gusaba impapuro zifatika, gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bwabatanga (urugero, ISO 9001 Icyemezo), kandi gishobora gusaba icyiciro cyagenwe cyikizamini cyangwa impamyabumenyi yisesengura. Kubisabwa, abaguzi barashobora kuyobora ibyiciro byabo byigenga ku ngero mbere yo kwemera koherezwa. Gushora muburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura hejuru birinda amafaranga menshi kandi bikaba umutwe kumurongo ujyanye no gutsindwa. Uyu munyamwete ni ngombwa mugihe ukemura ibibazo nkaasfaltnatar, aho gutandukana kwabutarushije cyane bishobora gukora.

Icyemezo cyo kuyobora hamwe na logistics: uko abaguzi bameze nka Mark Thompson bakeneye kumenya

Kureka ubuziranenge, abaguzi mpuzamahanga nka Mark Thompson, hitamoasfaltnatarIbicuruzwa biva mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa cyangwa Vietnam, Guhura n'ibibazo bijyanye n'icyemezo n'ibikoresho. Kugenzura neza no kwirinda gutinda bisaba kwitondera neza izi ngingo. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bakeneye gutanga ibyangombwa byukuri kandi bifatika kugirango bahure namabwiriza yo gutumiza no guhaza ibyo asabwa.

Impamyabumenyi:Impungenge z'ingenzi zirimo:

• Ubuyobozi bwiza:ISO 9001 Icyemezo gitanga icyizere cya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge.
• Icyubahiro cy'ibidukikije:Ukurikije ibicuruzwa no kurangiza, ibyemezo bijyanye nibipimo byibidukikije (urugero, iso 14001) cyangwa amabwiriza yibindi (nko kugera mu Burayi) birashobora kuba ngombwa. Abaguzi bagomba kwitonda ahantu h'uburiganya, ububabare buzwi, kandi bugomba kugenzura ibyemezo byigenga niba bishoboka.
• Ibicuruzwa Byihariye:Icyemezo cyo gusesengura (COA) kuri buri cyiciro, cyemeza koasfalt, bitumen, cyangwatarIbicuruzwa byujuje ibisobanuro byumvikanyweho, ni ngombwa.

Ibikoresho:Ibikoresho byiza ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde gutinda kohereza, bishobora guhungabanya umusaruro. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi birimo:

• Gupakira:Ibicuruzwa nkaAmakara Tarcyangwa bikomeyebitumenbirashobora koherezwa mumifuka, ingoma, cyangwa ibibabi bikomeye. Amazibitumenbisaba ibitanda byuzuye cyangwa ibikoresho. Gupakira neza birinda kwanduza no kwemeza neza.
• Kohereza amagambo (Incotermes):Ibyerekana neza inshingano zo kohereza, ubwishingizi, na gasutamo (urugero, fob, CIF) ni ngombwa.
• Imirongo yo kohereza & Inshuro yo gutambuka:Gukorana numurongo wizewe no gusobanukirwa ibihe byihutirwa bifasha mugutegura.
• GUSOBANURO RAPANDA:Kugenzura ibyangombwa byose bikenewe (Inyemezabuguzi yubucuruzi, Urutonde rwubucuruzi, fagitire yishyurwa, ibyemezo) ni ukuri kandi byanze byorohereza bidatinze gasutamo
• Itumanaho:Itumanaho rifatika nuwatanga isoko kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa, ibishobora gutinda, kandi ibyangombwa ni ngombwa. Itumanaho ridakora ni ugucika intege cyane kubaguzi.

Gukemura Izi ngingo - Kuganira ku bisabwa, ugenzura ubushobozi bwo gutanga, kandi ushireho imiyoboro isobanutse - irashobora kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye n'amafaranga mpuzamahangatar na asfaltibicuruzwa.

Guhitamo Utanga isoko: Ibintu birenze igiciro cya Asfalt na bitumen

Mugihe ibiciro bihiga buri gihe bifatika, abashinzwe amasoko bahuye numva ko guhitamo ikiguzi cyibikoresho bikomeye nkaasfalt, bitumen, cyangwacoal tarIbicuruzwa bikubiyemo gusuzuma byinshi kuruta ikiguzi kuri toni. Kwizerwa, guhuza ubuziranenge, inkunga ya tekiniki, n'itumanaho, niba bitarenze ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire. Gutererana mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'Ubushinwa birashobora gutanga inyungu zabiciro, ariko bisaba ko utanga ibitekerezo neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhisemo uwatanze isoko:

1. Byagaragaye ko inyandiko & uburambe:Shakisha inganda zashizweho zifite uburambe bwimyaka mugukora ibicuruzwa byihariye ukeneye (urugero,Ubushyuhe bwo Hagati Asfalt, ubushyuhe bwinshi, Amakara Tar). Ubunararibonye akenshi busobanura kugirango bugenzure neza nibikorwa byo gukemura ibibazo. IbyacuUruganda rurerure rufite igikojo hamwe n'abatanga isokoIndangamuntu ivuga kuri ibi.
2. Ubushobozi bwumusaruro & ubushobozi:Menya neza ko utanga ubushobozi buhagije (nkimirongo ya 13 yumusaruro) kugirango uhuze amajwi yawe ahoraho kandi arashobora kubyara amanota yihariye cyangwa ibicuruzwa byahinduwe ukeneye.
3. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge:Kugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura neza hamwe nimpamyabumenyi (ISO 9001). Bashaka gutanga ibisubizo byikizamini kandi bakira ubugenzuzi bwa gatatu?
4. Ubuhanga bwa tekiniki:Nubwo umuguzi atari impuguke tekinike, utanga tekinike agomba kuba abakozi babizi bashobora kuganira kubisobanuro, porogaramu, nibibazo bishobora. Mugihe Mark Thompson azi kugurisha, kugira uwubaha nindeirakoragusobanukirwa kuruhande rwa tekiniki ni ntagereranywa.
5. Itumanaho & Kwitabira:Suzuma uburyo bwabo bwo gutumanaho. Barahumuriza, barasobanutse, kandi bakurikiranye? Itumanaho rikora ni ngombwa mugukemura ibibazo no gucunga ibikoresho neza, bigagezaho ibimenyetso byingenzi.
6. Ibikoresho & Inyandiko:Suzuma uburambe bwabo no kohereza mu gihugu cyawe (USA, Uburayi, nibindi). Bashobora gukemura ibibazo bisabwa, gahunda yo kohereza, no gutanga ibyangombwa byukuri?
7. Kwizerwa & Kwizerwa:Shakisha umucyo nubushake bwo kubaka umubano muremure. Ibisobanuro cyangwa gusura urubuga (niba bishoboka) bishobora gufasha kubaka ikizere. Kwitabira ingandaimurikagurishani inzira nziza yo guhura imbona nkubone kandi ugire ubuhanga bwabo.

Kwibanda gusa ku giciro cyo hasi birashobora kuganisha ku biciro byihishe bifatika bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bubi, gutinda kohereza, cyangwa gusenyuka. Utanga isoko yizewe ni umufatanyabikorwa mu ntsinzi yawe.

Umuhanda uri imbere: Kuramba no gutunganya inganda za Asfalt

AhazazaKubaka umuhandanaasfaltInganda ziragenda zibanda ku kuramba no kubahiriza ibidukikije. Mugiheasfaltpavemer isanzwe izwi kuri bokurambakandi ugereranijeubukunguIgiciro cyubuzima, imbaraga zirakomeje kugirango bahindure no gucyatsi.Gutunganyaugira uruhare runini muri ibi.

Kaburimbo ya asfaltni kimwe mubikoresho byatunganijwe cyane kwisi. Pavement ya Asfalt (Rap) irashobora gukurwa mumihanda ishaje, yajanjaguwe, kandi yinjijwe mumivugo mishya ishyushyeasfalt. Gukoresha rap igabanya gukenera isugibitumennaigiteranyo, kubungabunga umutungo kamere no kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge mugihe cyumusaruro. Ifishi yo hejuru ya rap irashobora gukoreshwa nta mikorere ya pavement, gukoraasfaltGuhitamo kurambye cyane kuriUbuso bw'umuhanda. Tekinike nkivanga ishyushyeAsfalt.

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi burakomeza mugutezimbere bio-binders (bikomoka kumavuta ashingiye ku gihingwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku gitsina) nkibice byinshi cyangwa ndetse no gusimburwa byuzuye kuri peterolibitumen. Udushya mu gishushanyo cya Pavement Intego yo gukora imihanda imaze igihe kirekire ("kaburimbo ihoraho") bisaba ko hafungurwe gusa ubuso bwo kuvugurura buri gihe, bikagabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije no kugura ubuzima. Inganda nazo zishakisha inzira zo kongera imikorere yaasfaltGukoresha impinduka zigezweho hamwe nibishyingo, biganisha kuri kaburimbo neza kwihanganira traffic nyinshiIkirereIbisabwa, kwagura ubuzima bwabo umurimo no gutanga umusanzu mubihe birambye. Mugihe ibikoresho gakondo nkabitumenkomeza wiganje, disiki igana kubitsa ibishushanyo ni uguhuzaasfaltahantu nyaburanga.

Urufunguzo rufata: Asfalt vs Tar vs BStumen

Guhita mu ncamake ingingo zingenzi:

• Bitumen:Umukara,viscous, kumeneka binderbikomoka kuriagahindayaamavuta (peteroli). Ni "kole" muriasfaltpavement.
• Tar (coal tar):Umukara,amazi mezabyakozwe naGutandukanya amakara. Gutandukanabitumen, hamwe nimpumuro nziza kandi zijyanye no guhangayikishwa nubuzima bigabanya imikoreshereze yabyo. Biracyafite agaciro kubisabwa byinganda (urugero, bibers electrode nkaAmakara Tar).
• Asfalt (pavement):Ibikoresho bigizwe no kuvangabitumen(thebinder) hamweigiteranyo(amabuye, umucanga, amabuye). Iyi mvange ikora irarambaubusokumihanda,inzira, nibindi
• Itandukaniro ryingenzi:Inkomoko (peterolinaamakara), ibigize imiti (Aliphatic na aromatic), porogaramu zibanze, hamwe numwuka uhuza ubuzima / ibidukikije.
• Paving Uyu munsi: Bitumen-Bishingiyeasfaltni urwego rugezwehoKubaka umuhandaBitewe nibikorwa byiza hamwe ningaruka zubuzima hasi ugereranije natar. Tarni gake ikoreshwa mugutunga umuhanda mushya.
• Ibibazo byiza:Ubwiza buhoraho, ibyemezo byizewe, hamwe nibikoresho byiza nibyingenzi mugihe uganaasfaltbunders cyangwataribicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Guhitamo uwutanga ukwiye bikubiyemo kureba ibirenze igiciro gusa.
• Kuramba:TheasfaltInganda zibanze cyanegutunganya(Rap) no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryiza nka wma na bio-binders.

Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro rifasha muguhitamo ibikoresho byiza nabatanga ibicuruzwa muburyo butandukanye bwubwubatsi ninganda.