Kuvula mphamvu ya malasha a malasha: chowongolera

Takulandirani! Ndine wallen, ndipo kuchokera ku fakitale yanga ku China, yokhala ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri yopakidwa, takhala patsogolo pa kupanga ndi kutumiza kunja.Zogulitsa malasha za malala ndi mafuta a petroleumkwa zaka. Nkhaniyi imakhala ndi imodzi mwazomwe timapanga mapangidwe athu.phula la phula. Mudziwa za kapangidwe kake, momwe zimapangidwira, momwe ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri mafakitale, kuphatikiza makasitomala ngati Marko Thompson ku USA. Ngati mukuyang'ana kuti mumvetsetse izi, kuchokera ku gawo lake mu aluminiyamu osungunuka pamsewu, muli pamalo oyenera. Bukuli layenera kuwerenga chifukwa zimanyozaphula la phula, popereka chidziwitso kuchokera kwa wopanga wopanga, kuthana ndi nkhawa wamba, komanso kuwunikira kufunika kwake kwa mafakitale.

Kodi phula la malawi phula ndi chiyani? Tulutsani kapangidwe kake

Tikamalankhulaphula la phula, tikunena za utoto wakuda, wakuda, wamdima wakudachotsa. Ndizomwe zimatsalira pambuyodistillation ya phula la malashakapena distiction yodutsaphula lamoto. Ganiziraniphula la malashamonga apa byroductzopangawodziwa cokekuchokeramalasha a binguPa nthawi yayitali kwambiriwodziwa cokeuvuni. Ichiphula la malashandi osakaniza ovuta, okhala ndi mazana, ngakhale masauzande, a mankhwalaMasamba. AphulaGawo lolemera kwambiri la kusakaniza uku.

Akapangidwe ka malasha ta talmakamaka makamaka kuphatikizika kwa polycyclicmafulesiHydrocarbons (Pahs), limodzi ndi ma herucyclic awo komanso zotumphukira. Izimankhwala onunkhirandizomwe zimaperekaphula la phulamalo ake apadera. PomwezoKupanga phula la malashandi zakephulaimatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengera gwero lamalashandi njira ya mpweya, nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo zinthu ngatibenzene, phenol, Naphthalene, ndipoanthracenerm'magawo ake owala, ndiphulakukhala wovutapolymerizationzopangidwa mwa ambiri mwa izi. Ndi kwambirimaonekedwemadzi pamalo okwera koma amakhala olimba molimbika, okhazikika kutentha. Zamfundo yofewandi mkhalidwe wofunikira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ufotokozere mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaphula.

Monga fakitale, timayang'ana kwambiri malowa. Mwachitsanzo, kasitomala ngati Marko Thompson, omwe amapangaphula la malashaZogulitsa zamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo aluminium smenters ndi mphero zachitsulo, zimadalira mtundu wosasinthika waphula. Kuphatikiza kwina kwamankhwala onunkhiraamasankha kutsimikizika kwake ngatifayilokapena kugwiritsa ntchito zina. Aphulamakamakazasukam'madzi koma imatha kusungunuka ndi zolengedwa zinaza ma sol sol sol sol sol sol sol sol sol songatiprididinekapenabenzene. Kumvetsetsa izi ndi gawo loyamba loyamikila chifukwaphula la phulandizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. TimatsimikizaBolo Lokhala Malawiikumana ndi miyezo yokwanira.

Kodi Pitch ya malasha yopangidwa bwanji? Kuyang'ana njira yopanga

Apangawaphula la phulandi njira yodziwikiratu yomwe imayamba ndiphula la malasha, monga ndidanenera, ndindi mankhwalazopezeka kuchokera ku mpweya wamalashakupangawodziwa coke. Pamalo athu, timayamba ndi zapamwamba kwambiriphula lamoto. Kenako phula likaperekedwa kudera lina. Tangoganizirani Kutenthaphula la malashapang'onopang'ono; osiyanaMasambaMkati mwa izo zidzazitsanso kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Mafuta opepuka, monga mafuta opepuka (okhala ndibenzene, toluene, xlene), mafuta a carbolic (okhala ndiphenolndi cresols),Naphthalenemafuta, kuchapa mafuta, ndianthracenerMafuta, amatengedwa ngati tizigawo tolekanitsidwa.

Zomwe zatsalira pambuyo pa zigawo zosasunthika izi zimachotsedwa ndiphula la phula. Ichichotsandizolemera kwambirikukulandipo ili ndi wapamwamba kwambirimfundo yofewa. Kukula kwa distillation kumatsimikizira zomwe zili zomalizaphula, mongakukwezandikufewetsamachitidwe. Titha kuwongolera njirayi kuti apange magiredi osiyanasiyana aphula, kuphatikiza zofewa, zapakatikati, kapena zolimbaphula, zogwirizana ndi mafakitale apadera. Mwachitsanzo,phulakukhala afayilomuKupanga electrodesamafunikira katundu wapadera kwambiri.

Njira yonse imayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti muwonetsetse bwinophula la phula. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera kutentha ndi kudzipatula kwabwino kwa magawo osiyanasiyana owonjezera. ChifukwaphulaItha kuchitikanso mokulira, mwinanso m'makola kapena midadada, kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta komanso zoyendera makasitomala athu ku USA, Europe, ndi Australia. Onetsetsani zodalirikapangaNjira ndi kiyi chifukwa mafakitale amadalira nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo,Pitch Coke, chinthu china chamtengo wapatali, chimachokera ku mankhwala ena otenthaphula la phula. Cholinga chimakhala chikukulitsa zofunikira zonsekukula zopangidwa kuchokera ku malasha.

Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji phula la malasha ndi phula pake?

AGwiritsani ntchito phula la malashaNdipo wochokera kwa iye,phula la phula, ndi zochulukirapo, zokhudza magawo ambiri okonda mafakitale. M'mbiri,phula la malashaidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, khulupirirani kapena ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito khungu ngatidotolo wassiaisisndichakumachikulumu mawonekedwe a mafuta, mafuta, ndikutsuka tsitsi. Ngakhale masiku ano, ena adalembashampoossungaphula la malashakuthandiza nawodambondi scalpdotolo wassiaisis. Komabe, ambiri aphula la phulaadapanga zofunika padziko lonse lapansi.

Imodzi mwazofunikira kwambirikugwiritsa ntchito phula la malashaali ngatifayilo. Ndi abwino kwambirifayiloZokhudza zida za kaboni, ndikupangitsa kuti zofunikira muKupanga ma elekitikisi ndi graphitekwa magetsiNgwi za Arcogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndiAyodemumakampani ogulitsa aluminium(makamakaaluminium). Aphulaamathandizirawodziwa coketinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso timapereka mawonekedwe ofunikira komanso mphamvukutentha kwambiri. TimaperekansoMitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma flakes ndi midadada, kuti agwirizane ndi izi. Ntchito zina zofunika zaPhatikizanintchito yakezokutira pansindipentimapangidwe, akupereka katundu wabwino kwambiri komanso wotsutsa. Imagwiritsidwa ntchitoika talamisewu ndi zida zodetsa chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake ndi kukana madzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yapadera yaphula, mongaPitch Coke, amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna kukhala ndi zodetsa komanso zosafunikira, mongawopezaMakampani kapena ngati kaboni popanga chitsulo. Kusiyanasiyana kwaphula la phulaamatanthauza kuti masukulu enieni amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna. Mwachitsanzo, zofewaphulaitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudzitchinjiriza, ngakhale yovutaphulandi apamwambamfundo yofewaamafunikiraekitirodikupanga. Kutha kwake kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ndikupewa malo ovuta amapangaphula la phulaZinthu zomwe zimachitika, ngakhale kuti mbiri yakale, imasuntha. Timawonanso kufunikira kwa zinthu zapadera za phula lapadera la phula lapadera, lomwe limagawana zinthu zina zapamwamba, monga ifeZogulitsa zapadera za mafuta a mafuta.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani phula la phula limakhala moyenera kwambiri mu aluminium ndi mafakitale a chitsulo?

Phula la phulaamatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri monga afayilomumakampani ogulitsa aluminiumndi kupanga zitsulo. Tiye tikambirane za aluminium. Kupanga kwa aluminiyam woyamba uluminiyamu umadalira njirayi-Héhule, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchepetsa ma electrolyc a alumina. Njirayi imafuna kaboni yayikuluAyode. IziAyodeamadyedwa pakusungunuka, ndipophula la phulandiye wokondafayilokwa petroleumwodziwa cokekapenaPitch Cokeophatikizidwa kuti apange iziAyode. Mtundu waphulazimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ndi moyo wamalode, akukhudza bwinoaluminium. Katundu wofunikira ngati mtengo wophika kwambiri, kuthekera konyowa, ndi milingo yotsika kwambiri (mongasulufulendi phulusa) ndizambiri.

M'makampani achitsulo,phula la phulandizofunikira pakupanga graphiteElectrodes. IziElectrodesamagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsiNgwi za Arc(Mtafss) kuti sungunuka chitsulo ndikupanga chitsulo chatsopano. AJaf amagwira ntchito kwambirikutentha kwambiri, ndiElectrodesAyenera kupirira mikhalidwe imeneyi ndikumachita zamagetsi.Phula la phulaamachita mongafayilokwawodziwa coketinthu tating'onoting'ono (nthawi zambirisingano) Kugwiritsa ntchito popanga iziElectrodes. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mupangawakapangidweZipangizo, zomwe ndizofunikira pakulandamikanganoiwowo, kuwateteza ku kutentha kwambiri. Aphulacarbozees pa nthawi yophika yaekitirodikapenakapangidwenjerwa, ndikupanga kaboni mwamphamvu.

Kwa makasitomala monga Marko Thompson, omwe amapereka mafakitale awa, kusasinthika komanso mtundu waphula la phulasizotheka kukambirana. Kusiyanasiyana pang'onophulaKhalidwe limatha kubweretsa mavuto akuluekitirodintchito, monga kuchuluka kwa zochulukitsa kapena ngakhale kulephera. Ndi chifukwa chake, pafakitale yathu, timatsatira njira zolimbikitsira zabwino za gulu lililonse laphula la phulazomwe zidakonzedwamakampani ogulitsa aluminiumkapena mphero zachitsulo. Kufunikira Kwa Ukhondo KwambiriphulamwachindunjiMfundo Zosavutandipo ziphuphu zimatipangitsa kuti tiziganizira molondolaKugawa kwa malashaphula.

Kufufuza phula la phula pafomu yopanda mafoomu

Kupitilira pamapulogalamu ake apamwamba,phula la phulaAli ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yopambana pafomu komanso kuthilira. Katemera yake yopanda madzi imapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pakupanga zolimba komanso zokhazikikachokutilamachitidwe. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pokhazikitsa (mateke), zigawo zaphula la phulaAmasinthidwa ndi nsalu zolimbikitsa kuti apange chiwongola dzanja, monolithic chopanda madzi. Mtundu uwu wadengaimadziwika chifukwa cha kutalika kwake komanso kuthekera kodzi kuchiritsa pang'ono zazing'ono, makamaka m'malo otsetsereka kapena otsika otsetsereka.

Amaonekedwechikhalidwe cha kutenthaphula la phulaimalola kuti ziziyenda ndi ming'alu ndi zotetezedwa, zimatiteteza kwambiri ku imress yamadzi. Komanso ndizosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ambiri komanso kukula kwa mizu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakomera mtima ma puza ndi madenga obiriwira. Aphulaamapanga ubale wamphamvu, zomatira ku magawo osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale njira zina zamakono zilipo,phula la phula-Munthu-systems adafotokozedwabe kwa majekiti omwe akufuna kugwira ntchito kwambiri komanso moyo wautali, makamaka kumene kuyandikana madzi ndi nkhawa, mongaphula la phulasakuwonongeka ndi nthawi yayitalikukhudzikamadzi.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchitophula la phulaMwa izi pamafunika kusungitsa mosamala chifukwakukhudzikankhawa, zomwe ndizikhudza pambuyo pake. Aphulaakuyenera kutenthetsedwa ku kutentha kwina kuti akwaniritse bwinokukwezapogwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwachokutilandizovuta komanso zodekha. Ngakhale mtundu wakuda ungayambitse kutentha kwambiri, izi zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi zikwangwani zoonetsa. Kwa ife, kupangaphulaZoyenera izizokutira pansiamatanthauza kuonetsetsa ufulumfundo yofewandi mawonekedwe oyenda, osiyana ndi zovutaphulantchitoElectrodes. Kusintha kumenekuMtundu wa phulandi mawonekedwe aphula la malashakukonza.

Kodi pali mafilimu osiyanasiyana a malawi a phula? Kuzindikira Mitembo

Inde, mwamtheradi!Phula la phulaSikuti kukula-kokwanira-zonse. Imasankhidwa mu ma gradisi osiyanasiyana kutengeramfundo yofewa, omwe ndi kutentha komwephulaamayamba kufewetsa ndikuyenda pansi pamayeso angapo. Katunduyu ndi wovuta chifukwa umamuuza momwephulaazigwiritsa ntchito njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito. Adistillation ya phula la malashaikhoza kulamulidwa kuti ipangephulandi mitundu yosiyanasiyanaMfundo Zosavuta.

Nthawi zambiri timalowaphula la phulamu:

• SHALL yofewa:Mtunduwu uli ndi chotsikamfundo yofewa. Ndizosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ngati matumba oyenda, misewu, ndi mitundu ina yapentindichokutilapomwe kusinthasintha ndikofunikira.
• Kutentha kwapakatikati:Uwu ndi kalasi yosiyanasiyana. ZathuKutentha kwapakatikatiZogulitsa zimagwera m'gululi, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zinakapangidwezopangidwa ndi kuphatikizika.
• Zovuta zolimba (kutentha kwambiri):Ichiphulaili ndimwambamfundo yofewandipo ili ndi kukhazikika kwa firiji. Ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumafunikira nyonga yayikulu komanso kukhazikika pamatenthedwe okwera, mongaKupanga electrodesKwa mafakitale a aluminium ndi mafakitale a chitsulo (ma elekisi ndi graphite electrodes), ndipo popanga zabwino kwambiriPitch Coke. Zathuphula kutentha kwambiriimapangidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito izi.

Kupitiriramfundo yofewa, zinthu zina zimakhala ngati mtengo wophatikizika (kuchuluka kwaZotsalira ZotsaliraKusiyidwa pambuyo poti, quoline infolve (quoline inform (qi), toluene infoleble (ti) zomwe zili,phula la phulapa zolinga zapadera. Mwachitsanzo,ekitirodiKupanga kumafunikira aphulandi mtengo wokulirapo komanso phulusa wotsika ndiposulufulezomwe zili. Monga wopanga, timagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ngati Marko Thompson kuti amvetse zosowa zawo ndikuperekaMtundu wa phulaIzi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe amafotokozazi, onetsetsani ntchito zokwanira, kaya ndialuminiumkapena kupanga mawonekedwenthambi.

Kusintha kwa malawi phula: Kodi ndi mfundo zazikulu ziti zomwe ogula amaganizira?

Kwa ogula ngati Marko Thompson, yemwe ndi mwini kampaniyo komanso wogwira ntchito, akumenyaphula la phulaKuchokera ku Opaleshoni International monga ife ku China kumafuna kuganizira zambiri. Maliko ndi abwino komanso amayang'ana mitengo yampikisano, yofananira mu B2B yogula. Malo ake akuluakulu ogula ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapeza ogulitsa pamawonetsero ndi kusaka kwa Google.

Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri Marko, komanso wogula aliyense, ayenera kuyang'ana pa:

1. Kuyendera kwapadera ndi kusasinthika:Izi ndi zofunika. Aphulaziyenera kukwaniritsa zogwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunikira -mfundo yofewa, mtengo wophatikizika, qi, ti, phulusa phulukitsa zitsanzo zoyeserera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aziwongolera njira ndizofunikira. Pa fakitale yanga, tikugogomezera mzere wathu wopanga 7 ndi kutsatira mopitilira muyeso wamayiko kuti utsimikizire izi.
2. Zivomerezi:Ogula ayenera kuyang'ana othandizira omwe ali ndi zitsimikiziro zoyenera, monga momwe ISO amathandizira pakuwongolera bwino komanso kutsata chilengedwe. Tsoka ilo, Maliko akumana ndi zachinyengo zina kuchokera kwa othandizira ena, omwe amatsimikizira kufunika kofunikira kulimbikira. Nthawi zonse timapereka zolemba zowonekera komanso zomveka.
3. Mitengo ndi kudalirika kwa zinthu:Kuchedwa kutumizidwa kumatha kupweteka kwambiri, kupweteka kwakukulu kwa Marko. Mitengo yodalirika, kuphatikizapo madamu moyenera (E.g. Tikutumiza ku USA, North America, Europe, ndi Australia, motero timakumana nazo kwambiri poyendetsa zinthu zovuta padziko lonse lapansi.
4. Kulankhulana ndi Apple:Maliko adakumana ndi kulankhulana kosakwanira ndi oimira malonda. Chozizwitsa, mwachangu, komanso kulumikizana mwaluso ndikofunikira. Ngakhale Marko ndi wodziwa ntchito, alibe ukadaulo walusophula la phula, kotero kukhala ndi othandizira omwe angafotokozere mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane momveka bwino ndizopindulitsa. Gulu langa ndi ine timayesetsa kukhala othandizana nawo, osati opereka.
5. Njira zolipirira:Kutetezedwa ndi kudziletsa koyenera kumafunikira pomanga kudaliridwa ndikuwongolera zochitika zophweka.
6. Kuzindikira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapeto:Wothandizira wabwino ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe awophula la phulaidzagwiritsidwa ntchito (E.g., kwaElectrodes, kapangidweZipangizo,zopindulitsa) Kuonetsetsa kuti amapereka gawo labwino kwambiri ndikupereka upangiri woyenera. Apa ndipomwe luso lathu limalowa, kuthandiza makasitomala kusankha ufuluMtundu wa phula.
7. Mitengo:Ngakhale bwino ndi kiyi, mitengo yampikisano imakhalanso driver. Ogula nthawi zambiri amayerekezera zolemba, koma ndikofunikira kuganizira mtengo wonse wa umwini, kuphatikiza mtundu, kudalirika, komanso zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zopanda pake kapena zodalirika.

Kuthana ndi mavutowa kumathandizanso kumanga ubale wautali. Maliko a Marko akamapita, awa ndi mfundo zomwe akuwonetsera akamakumana ndi zomwe angathephula la phulandipetuloleum coke.

Kupitilira: Ndi ziti zina zofunika zomwe zimapanga phula la malasha?

Pamenephula la phulandi nyenyezichotsakuchokeraMitengo ya malasha ta, tizigawo owala ochotsedwa nthawi iyinso ndizofunikira kwambiri.Phula la malashandi kuchuluka kwa chuma chamankhwala onunkhira, ndikulekanitsa iwo amalola zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala ndi zinthu zina. Tizigawozi zimasokonezedwa pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamtengo wapatali, kapena magawo, omwe adapeza tisanafikephulaphatikizani:

• Mafuta opepuka (mpaka 170 ° C):Ichikukulaili ndibenzene, toluene, ndi xlenes (BTX), yomwe ndi yomanga zazikulu zomanga zamakampani, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma plastracs, opaleshoni, utoto, ndiza ma sol sol sol sol sol sol sol sol sol so. Ilinso ndi zinaprididineZida.
• Mafuta a carbolic kapena mafuta apakati (170 ° C - 230 ° C):Izi ndizolemeraphenol, Cresols, ndi Xylenols, odziwika bwino odziwika monga acid.Phenolndi mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma phenolic ma resins (ngati bakelite), Bisphenol A (kwa polycarbonation ndi epoxy amalima), ndi Caprolactam (ya NYLLY). IchikukulaMulinsoNaphthalene.
• Natiphthalene Mafuta (200 ° C - 250 ° C):Monga momwe dzina limanenera, iyi ndiye gwero lalikulu laNaphthalene. Naphthaleneimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga phthalic tenthydride (kuti ma pulasitiki, ma utomoni, ndi utoto), komanso muthbals, sotartants, ndi mankhwala ena.
• Sambani mafuta (230 ° C - 290 ° C):Ichikukulaimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowombera kuti atengebenzenendi zina zosasinthikamankhwala onunkhirakuchokera ku Coke uvuni mpweya. Ili ndi otentha kwambiriNaphthalenezochokera komanso zinamankhwala onunkhira.
• Mafuta a Anthracene kapena mafuta obiriwira (2900 ° C - 360 ° C ndi apamwamba):Ichi ndiye mafuta olemera kwambirikukulapoyambaphula. Ndi gwero lalikulu laanthracener, Phenanthreene, ndi carbazole.Anthracenerimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga anthraquinone, chotengera za utoto. Mafuta awa pawokha amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito posungira nkhuni (monga gawo laCreosote ndi malashaZosakaniza) kapena ngati chakudya chopanga kaboni wakuda.

Kulekanitsidwa bwino ndi kuyeretsa tizigawo zimenezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kukulitsa mtengo wochokeraphula lamoto. M'modzipawirikizakapena gulu laMasambaAmagwira misika yapadera, ndipo kuchira kwawo kumathandizira kwambiri kwa chuma chonse chamalashakukonza. Chifukwa chake, tikamalankhula zaphula la malasha, ndizochulukirapo kuposaphula; Ndi gwero lovuta la mankhwala ambiri ofunika.

Kuzindikira kuwunika komwe kumachitika ndi malawi a malasha: chitetezo choyamba

Chitetezo ndi gawo lovuta pochita nawophula la phula, makamaka zaKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchito. Maofesi a Bor Tar(Ctpvs) - mankhusu ndi fumbi latulutsidwa litiphulaamatenthedwa kapena kusungidwa - ali ndi polycyclicmafulesihydrocarbons (Pahs), zina zomwe zimadziwika kapena zimaganiziridwama carcinogens. Chifukwa chake, kuwongoleraKuwonekera pamawu a malawindizofunikira kwambiri m'makampani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchitozitha kuchitikakuvulalaza nkhusu ndi fumbi,Kulumikizana Kwanundi nkhani, kapena ingestion (ngakhale kuli kofala). Ochulukirapo kapena ochulukirapokukhudzikazimatha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. M'masiku ochepa patsogolokukhudzikazingayambitsekhungu kukwiya, disokusaganizilana, ndipokupuma thirakiti. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kukulira khungu (Photosetitititititititization) mwa anthu odziwikaphula la malashaZogulitsa. Nthawi yayitalikukhudzika, makamaka ku CTPV, yalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chakhansa, kuphatikizakhansa yapakhungu, mapapo, chikhodzodzo, ndi impsokhansa. Gulu Lapadziko Lonse Lakufufuza pa khansa (IARC) imagwirizanaphula la phulaMonga gulu 1carcinogen(carcinogenic kwa anthu).

Kuchepetsa zoopsa zokhudzana ndiKuwonetsedwa Pang'ono, malo ogwirira ntchito kukhazikitsa njira zingapo zowongolera:

• Zolamulira:Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsekera, mpweya wabwino wambiri kuti mugwire mimba pamodzi, pomwepo, ndi zida zogwirizira zoyenera.
• Zowongolera Zoyang'anira:Kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe antchito amawononga madera omwe ali ndi kuthekerakukhudzika, kupereka maphunziro pamachitidwe othandiza anthu, ndikukhazikitsa njira zogwirira ntchito.
• Zida Zaumwini (PPE):Izi ndizofunikira ndipo zimaphatikizapo kupuma (makamaka potenthetsaphula) Magolovesi olakwika, ovota, ndi kutetezedwa kwa maso kuti aletseKulumikizana Kwanundikuvulala.
• Kuwunikira Zaumoyo:Kukhazikika kwaumoyo nthawi zonse kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi kuthekerakukhudzika.

Ngakhalephula la malashawagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala ena apamwamba aMavuto a pakhungungatidotolo wassiaisisndichakumachikulu. Wogwira mu kampanikukhudzikandi nkhani yosiyana ndipo iyenera kumenyedwa mozama. Monga wopanga wodalirika, timadzitchinjiriza kuti ogwira ntchito athu amatetezedwa, ndipo timapereka ma sheet otetezedwa (ma sds) kwa makasitomala athu ngati Marko Thompson, amafotokoza njira zogwiritsira ntchito bwinophula la phulaZogulitsa. Kudzipereka kumeneku ndikofunikira chifukwaphula la phulandi zinthu zothandiza kwambiri, kugwirira ntchito kwake kumafuna kulemekeza ndi kutsatira njira zotetezera kutetezazoyipazotsatira.

Tsogolo la malasha phula: Zosasinthika ndi kudzipereka kwathu

Monga katswiri wa fakitale ku China, i, illen, onani tsogolo laphula la phulaIzi zimapangidwa ndi zonse zonse zatsopano komanso kuwunika kwambiri pa nthawi yokhazikika. Pomwe ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe, mawonekedwe ake apadera, makamaka monga afayilomu mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri komanso kwapaderazopindulitsa, onetsetsani kuti zikugwirizana. Kuyendetsa kwamphamvu kwambiri m'mafakitale ngatialuminiumndipo kupanga chitsulo kumatanthauza kufunikira kwapamwamba kwambiriphulandi mawonekedwe apadera - otsikaMapahsZokhutira pomwe zingatheke, zikhulupiriro zabwino, komanso zogwirizanamesophisechitukuko cha mpweya woipa.

Zatsopano muphula la phulaKusintha kwa njira zambiri zapamwamba kwambiri kuti muchepetse zigawo, kapena zosintha kwaphulaKungowonjezera luso kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wopangaphulaNdi mawonekedwe owongoleredwa owongoleredwa kapena akupanga zatsopanopolymerizationMaluso amatha kubweretsa "wopanga"phulaZogulitsa za niche magwiridwe antchito. Palinso ntchito yopitilira mu malonda kuti muchepetsekusiyakuchuluka pakugwiritsa ntchito, makamakaMaofesi a Bor Tar. Izi zikuphatikizanso ntchentche zabwino, kusintha njira zoyendetsera, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwampweya.

Kudzipereka kwathu ku ZGFY ndikupitilizabe kubereka wodalirikaZogulitsa zapamwamba za malasha, kuphatikizaphula la phula, petroleumwodziwa coke, ndipoasphalt osinthidwa. Timagula mizere yathu yopanga 7 kuti tiwonetsetse bwino komanso mtundu womwe umakwaniritsa miyezo yamayiko. Timamvetsetsa nkhawa za makasitomala monga Marko Thompson pankhani yosasinthika, malo odalirika, komanso kulumikizana komwe kumawonekera. Timatenga nawo mbaliziwonetseroKulumikizana ndi makasitomala ndikukhalabe othandiza mabizinesi. Timakhulupilira kuti poyang'ana pazinthu zabwino, kupanga odalirika (kuyankhulaKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchitondi zovuta zachilengedwe), ndipo zosowa za makasitomala,phula la phulaazikhala ndi zinthu zofunika. Chovuta ndikusamala zofunikira zake ndi utsogoleri ndi chitetezo chantchito, zovuta zomwe timadzipereka kukumana. Kukula kwapamwambacha kaboniZogulitsa, zochokera pakwe wapamwambaphula, tidzayendetsa mtsogolo.

Ulendo Wapadziko Lonse Lapansiphula la phulalimavumbula zinthu zomwe zili zonse zakale (mongapa byroductwamalashakukonza) komanso zamakono pamapulogalamu ake. Chifukwa chakupangitsa kupanga kwa ma aluminium ndi chitsulo choteteza magulu okhala ndi cholimbazopindulitsa, kusinthika kwake kumakhala kosatsutsika.

Makina Ofunika Kukumbukira:

• Phula la phulandi wakuda,Zotsalira ZotsalirakuchokeraMitengo ya malasha ta, wolemera mu polycyclicmafulesihydrocarbons (pahs).
• Amapangidwa makamaka kudzera mu fractiondistillation ya phula la malasha, omwe amateropa byroductwawodziwa coke pangakuchokeramalasha a bingu.
• Kiyikugwiritsa ntchito phula la malawi phula limaphatikizapomonga wotsutsafayilomuKupanga electrodesa aluminium ndi mafakitale achitsulo, mukapangidweZipangizo, Kufota, Kutsitsa, ndipenti/chokutilantchito.
• Ma grade osiyanasiyana amakhalapo (zofewa, zapakatikati, zolimba / zochulukirapo) kutengeramfundo yofewandi zinthu zina, zogwirizana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitoaluminiumAsode kapena mseuzokutira pansi.
• Kuondaphula la phulapamafunika chisamaliro mosamala, zivomerezedwe, zolumikizira, kulumikizana komwekusamalira, komanso kumvetsetsa kwaKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchitozoopsa.
• Phula la malashaAmaperekanso tizigawo ena ofunikira ngatibenzene, phenol, Naphthalene, ndipomafuta anthracene, ndizofunikira pakupanga mankhwala.
• Chitetezo ndi chofunikira kwambiri: Kuyang'aniraKuwonekera ku malawi a tartndizofunikira chifukwa cha ngozi zomwe zingakhalepo, kuphatikizakhansa, Kufuna kuwongolera maunjiniya, PPE, ndi machitidwe otetezeka.
• Tsogolo laphula la phulaMabodza ambiri opitiliza atsopano, opanga masukulu apadera, komanso machitidwe opanga mawonekedwe.

Monga Allen, ndimanyadira kuti ndizitsogolera fakitale yomwe imathandizira kuti zinthu zofunika kuzithandizire mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi. Timamvetsetsa zosowa za makasitomala ngati Mark Thompson ndipo amadzipereka kuti asamangopanga zinthu zokha, koma mayankho ndi kudalirika.Phula la phula, ndi wapaderafayilokuthekera ndi zinthu zina, zipitiliza kukhala zinthu zofunika kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.