Kumvetsetsa Kumasinthidwa Kosinthidwa: Maulamuliro a Polymer a masitepe a padenga ndi panjira

Phulati wosinthidwa imayimira kupita patsogolo kwambiri muukadaulo wa phulusa, kupereka katundu wowonjezera poyerekeza ndi phula lachikhalidwe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiridengandimsewuNtchito, kupereka zabwinokulimba, kusinthasintha, ndipochosalowa madzikuthekera. Nkhaniyi imakhudza dziko lasinthani phonamen, kufufuza kuti ndi chiyani, momwe Iwo umasiyanirana ndi wambatala, Udindo wapolymerKusintha, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kofunikira, komanso phindu lalikulu lomwe limabweretsa, makamaka pofunafunaKupanga MisewundiMalonda ovala. Kumvetsetsakusiyana pakati pa phsemen ndikusinthidwaBitumen ndi yofunika kupangira zisankho zanzeru pazinthu, ndikuwonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wake. Kaya mukukhala mukugawana kapena kuteteza katundu womangaKutsitsidwa, Bukuli limapereka chidziwitso chopatsa chidwi kwa mawonekedwe a wopanga.

Kodi phula limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji ndi chikhalidwe?

Phula, nthawi zambiriamatchedwa asphaltM'madera ena ngati North America, ndi chinthu chakuda, chomata, chowoneka bwino chomwe chimachitika kapena chopezeka ngati chotsalira kuchokera ku petroleum distillation.Phula ndi losakanizawa hydrocarbons. Zachikhalidwe,Phula limakondachogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bander mkatiPlockment Plockmentndi aKupanda Madziwothandiziradengantchito. Chibadwa chakezomatira komanso zodzitchinjirizaPangani kukhala oyenera kumanga pamodzi kuti mupange misewu yolimba komanso kuti mupange zotchinga zosanjidwa padenga.

Kukopa koyambirira kwa zachilendoPhulanMapulogalamuwa akhala owononga mtengo komanso kupezeka kwake.Phulan amagwiritsidwa ntchitomakamaka muKumanga msewu ndi kukonzapadziko lonse lapansi. Njirayolumikizidwa ndi phulaperekani mawonekedwe osalala komanso okhazikika. Padenga,Phula limakhala kwambiriWofunika kuti azitha kupanga zosasangalatsa,chosalowa madziZigawo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yambiri kapena ngati gawo la ovala (bur). Komabe, muyezoBitn Meyikukhala ndi malire, makamaka pokhudzana ndi magwiridwe ake pakutentha kwambiri komanso katundu wolemera. Ndiikhoza kukhalabwiti ozizira komansochepetsamopitirira mukutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwedezeke, kuwulutsa, kapena kusokoneza pakapita nthawi.

Kumvetsetsa zofunikirakatundu wa phulandi kiyi. Kuchita kwake kumadziwika ndi zinthu monga kalasi yolowera (kuwonetsaKuumitsa kapena kufewa kwa phula), malo ofewetsa, ndi maudindo. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zambiri zamalamulo, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito, nthawi yayitaliMoyo Wautumiki, ndipo kukana kuponderezedwa kwakukulu kwa zipsinjo zachilengedwe kunapangitsa njira yosinthira. Zofooka zopanda malireBitn amabweraKuwala pakukakamiza zochitika, kupangitsa kuti chitukuko chikuyenda bwinophula losinthika losinthika. Mwamwambophula limaperekaMaziko Olimba, Komasinthani phonamenamangidwe kwambiri.

Nanga, nchiyani chimapangitsa kuti phula losinthidwa losinthidwa?

Mazikokusiyana pakati pa phsemen ndikusinthidwaphula limagona powonjezeramachifiers, poizo kwambiri potere, mpaka pansitala. Njirayi, yodziwika kutiKusintha pang'ono, kwenikweni amasintha thupi ndi mankhwala a zinthu zoyambirira. Tikaterosinthani phonamen, ndife apachikono kuti tigonjetse zofooka za zachilendotala, ndikupanga chomangirira wamkulu pofuna kugwiritsa ntchitoKutsitsidwandi magalimoto ambirimsewu.

Kuwonjezera apolymerkapena zinawosathaimathandizira pamakhalidwe angapo.Sinthani phonamenNthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kusinthasintha, kukana kwakukulu kutanthauzira kwamuyaya (routting) kukutentha kwambiri, onjezerani kusinthasintha ndikuchepetsa kuwonongekakutentha kotsika, kuchuluka kwatopa, komanso bwinochosangalatsapakati pa chomangira ndi ophatikizidwa. Apolymernetiweki yopangidwa mkati mwatalaMatrix amathandizira kutambasulira katundu ndikuchira, ndikupangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kuwonongeka kwa nkhawa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njinga za pamsewu kapena kutentha padenga.

Ganizirani ngati kuwonjezera zosakaniza zophatikizira kuti zikhale bwino pokonza mbale yomaliza. Ifesinthani phonamenkukulitsa envelopu yake. Izi zikutanthauzaphula losinthika losinthikaangathepiliraMatenthedwe otenthetsa ndi malo otsegulira poyerekeza ndi mnzake wosavomerezeka. Izi zikuwonjezerakulimbaimamasulira mwachindunji m'misewu yayitali ndidenga, pamapeto pake kuchepetsakukonza ndi kukonzazimawonongaMoyo Wautumikikapangidwe kake. Cholinga chimakhalasinthani phonamenmwanjira yomwe imapangitsa kuti igwiritse ntchito, kaya ndi msewu waukulu kapena wamalondadenga. AKugwiritsa Ntchito KusinthidwaPhula tsopano lakhala lofala kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Chifukwa chiyani kusintha kwa polymer kuli kofunika kwa mafomu amakono a phula?

Kusintha kwa Polymersikuti popangaphulaBola; Ndikofunikira kuti muthe kukumana ndi zofuna zamakono zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga. Monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuwonjezeka, katundu wambiri amakhala wolemera, ndipo nyengo imakhala yolimba kwambiri, wambatalaMavuto Opambana. Kufunikira kwasinthani phonamenzimayambira chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri komansokulimba. Polymer osinthidwa humen (PMB)amalankhula mwachindunji zovuta izi.

Kuyambitsa ma polima kumapangitsa kwambiri kuti ma viscoelastic aphula. Izi zikutanthauzatalaImatha kukhala yofanana ndi kutentha kwambiri pamtundu wautumiki wambiri, kukana kuyenda ndikuyenda, ndikusunga kusinthasintha kokwanira pamatenthedwe otsika kuti alepheretse mafuta. Izi zidasinthakukana kusokonezandizofunikira kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitalimsewunkhope. Mofananamo, chifukwaKutsitsidwa, kukwezedwa ndi mphamvu zoperekedwa ndiKusintha kwa PolymerlolaniZida zodetsakugwirira ntchito kumalimbikitsa kuyenda ndipopiliranyengo yankhanza, kuphatikizaMvula yambirindi kuwonetsedwa kwa UV, kuonetsetsa kukhala wamkuluKupanda MadziUmphumphu kwa nthawi yayitaliMoyo Wautumiki.

Pakachekeni,phula losinthika losinthikanthawi zambiri imawonetsa kupambanaomatilamikhalidwe. Izi zikuwonjezerachosangalatsaAmasintha mgwirizano pakati pa chomangira ndi kuphatikizika mkatiPlockment Plockment, kuchepetsa mwayi wokuvula (komwe womanga nthambi amalekanitsidwa ndi wophatikizika, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha chinyezi). Mudenga, bwinochosangalatsaamawonetsetsa kuti ma lap amasindikizidwa bwino ndipo nembanemba imakhalabe yolumikizidwa ndi gawo lapansi. Kwenikweni, lingaliro lagwiritsani phulazomwe zasinthidwa ndi ma polima ndi ntchito yabwino mu magwiridwe antchito, kukhala ndi moyo wambiri, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wozungulira wa moyo wotsutsadengandiKupanga Misewuntchito. Amagwiridwe antchitoBitumen imalungamitsa nthawi yayitali yotsika mtengo. Nthawi zambiri timaperekaphula kutentha kwambirizomwe zimapindula kwambiri ndi zosinthazi.

Kodi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma rulymer yosinthidwa ndi iti?

ZosiyanaMitundu YosinthidwaPhulan alipo, makamaka wofotokozedwa ndimtundu wa phwemen yosinthidwa wosathantchito. Pomwe zida zingapo zitha kukhalakuphatikizidwa ndi phula kuti liziwonjezeraMalo ake, ma polima ndi omwe amafala kwambirimachifiers. Magulu awiriwa a ma polimakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirikusinthani phonamenndi ma elastomers ndi plassomer.

1. Elastomers (sbs - styrene-butadiene-styrene):

   • Chipatsondi mphira wa thermoplastic yomwe imaperekakunenepakwaphula.
   • LitiChipatsoamabalalitsidwa bwino mkati mwatala, imapanga ma network osalekeza, ndikuperekasinthani phonamenkatundu wothamangitsa. Itha kutambalala pansi ndikubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyamba.
   • Sbs osinthikaimayamikiridwa kwambirikutentha kotsikaNdipo kukana kwake kutopa, kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera madera omwe amasintha kutentha komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ambiri mkatiKupanga Misewu, komanso chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiriKutsitsidwanembanemba. Kukwezedwakunenepaamathandizadengakhalani ndi zojambula.

2. Plastmers (Pulogalamu - ATACTIC Polypropylene):

   • Pulogalamu ndi thermoplasticpolymerzomwe zimachulukitsa kuuma ndipokukana kusokonezazaphula, makamakakutentha kwambiri.
   • WothandiziraZosinthidwaImakonda kukhala ndi malo ofewetsa kwambiri ndipo imakuthandizani ndi kukhazikika kwa UV.
   • Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchitoKutsitsidwanembanemba, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira matupi, monga momwe pulogalamuyi imathandiziraphula kuti liziyendaatatenthedwa. Ngakhale osowa kwambiri kuposaChipatsoZosinthidwa, pulogalamu imapereka mphamvu zapadera komanso kukana nyengomachitidwe.

KupitiliraChipatsondi pulogalamu, inamachifiersItha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zina kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza:

• Ramber rabbed rimen (chmb):Amagwiritsa ntchito matayala obwezeredwasinthani phonamen, kupereka phindu la chilengedwe limodzi ndi zinthu zowonjezera ngati kusintha kwa rut kukana ndi kutopa. Ichi ndi malo omwe akukuliraKupanga Misewu.
• Ethylene vinyl acetate (Eva):Plastomeric inapolymerankakonda kukonza kutentha kwambiri.
• Asphalt achilengedwe:Zipangizo ngati Gilleson kapena Trinidad Lake asphalt imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchitosinthani phonamen, kukonza malo ake.

Kusankha kwawosathazimatengera kwambiri ntchito yofunsidwa (dengavsmsewu), zofunikira zenizeni (E.g., nyengo, katundu wamagalimoto), ndi zosowa zamafuta. M'modziwosathaAmatipatsa mawonekedwe apadera, kutilola kuti tigwirizanesinthani phonamenKukumana molondolachifanizozosowa.

Kodi phula loyenetsedwa limangoyala pokonza bwanji?

KutsitsidwaMakina amaimira kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchentchedengaZovala, kupereka chitetezo chachikulu komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri pamalonda komanso ogulitsa mafakitale. Mfungulo ili muzowonjezera zasinthani phonamenOkha, omwe amapanga pakatiKupanda Madzichinthu chaZida zodetsa. Pophatikiza ma polima ngatiChipatsokapena pulogalamu,Kutsitsidwanembanes tengani kusinthasintha, mphamvu, ndi kuyereka kwamuyayatala.

Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zomwe zimalimbikitsidwakuthekera kwa madzi. Aphula losinthika losinthikaamapanga phokoso, losakira, komanso losagwirizana ndi madzimzere wapakati. Ichizabwino kwambiri zamadzindizofunikira padenga kapena lotsika-otsika madenga, omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo cha madzi. KukwezedwakunenepawaSbs osinthikaMwachitsanzo, amaloladengaKutambasulira ndi mgwirizano ndi zomangira ndi kusintha kutentha popanda kuphwanya kapena kugawanitsa, kusungabe kukhulupirika kwake. WothandiziraKutsitsidwa, pomwe ocheperako, amapereka mphamvu zapadera komanso kukana kubwezeretsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa UV, kumapereka kokhazikikachosalowa madzichitetezo.

Pakachekeni,KutsitsidwaMakina amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo ndipokulimba. Amapangidwa monga mapepala opangidwa ndi fakitale kapena masikono, kuonetsetsa kuti mosasunthika ndi makulidwe ake. Izi membranes nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira Masanja (E.g., Polyester kapena fiberglass), zomwe, kuphatikiza ndi zovutasinthani phonamen chokutila, zotsatira muZida zodetsazithapiliraKuyendetsa miyala, mphamvu, ndi zovuta zina zakuthupi. Izi zimamasulira kumasuka kwa nthawi yayitaliMoyo Wautumikindikuchepetsedwa kukonza kuyerekeza ndi phula lachikhalidweDenga, kupereka nyumba zabwinobwino komanso mtendere wamalingaliro. Akatundu wabwino kwambirikuphatikiza nawokulimbapangaKutsitsidwaChisankho Chodalirikamachitidwe.

Kodi zigawo zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi zosinthidwa ndi ziti?

Makina osinthika osinthikaambiri a misonkhano yambiri yopangidwa mwamisonkhano yopangidwa kuti ipereke chibwibwiKupanda Madzindikulimba. Ngakhale kusinthika kumakhalabe kutengera mwachindunjichifanizondi njira yothandiziraomatila, odzibisa okha), zigawo zikuluzikulu makamaka:

1. Kuzindikira:Maziko adenga(mwachitsanzo, matabwa, zitsulo, konkriti) zomweMakina ofunkhirayaikidwa.
2. Chikoma:Imapereka kukana kwamoto, kukonza mphamvu yanyumbayo. Imakhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa tebulo.
3. Vapor chotchinga (posankha):Ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ina kapena mitundu yomanga kuti mupewe nthunzi yopanda chinyezi kuti ifike kufinya kapena kutsitsa kwadenganembanemba.
4. Mapepala oyambira:Zigawo chimodzi kapena zingapo zotetezedwa mpaka gawo lapansi (kukumbutsani kapena deck). Achoyambiriraimapereka maziko a pepala la kapu ndikuthandizira pa zonsezoKupanda Madzindi mphamvu. Itha kukhazikika modabwitsa, opindika ndiphula lotenthakapena kuziziraomatila, kapena adalimbikira. EnachoyambiriraMitundu imakutidwa ndisinthani phonamen.
5. Zosinthidwa phsumen membrane (pepala la kapu):Iyi ndiye yoyambaKupanda Madziwosanjikiza komanso gawo lotanthauzira dongosolo. Iliphula losinthika losinthika(SBS kapena pulogalamu) yolimbikitsidwa ndi polyester kapena fiberglass. Pamwambapamwamba nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi ma granules (zotetezedwa ndi UV ndi zokopa), zojambulazo, kapena zosalalachokutila. Ichimzere wapakatiimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachoyambirira, okhala ndi seams adadzaza ndikusindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha (kusefukira),phula lotentha, kuziziraomatila, kapena ukadaulo wodziletsa. Izi zopangidwa ndi fakitaleMa sheetnonetsetsani kuti mukuwongolera.
6. Ophunzira:Amatetezasinthani phonamenMembrane wochokera ku radiation ndi nyengo, imasinthana moto, ndipo amatha kupereka mawonekedwe achilendo. Maphunziro wamba amaphatikizapo michere yamchere yophatikizidwa mu pepala la kapu mukamapanga, zopangira zowoneka bwino (zomwe zingatheChepetsani kuyamwa kutentha) Kapena pazenera.

Izi zigawo zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zikhale zokhazikika, zolimbitsa thupimachitidwe. Mtundu wasinthani phonamen mzere wapakatiIkokha ndikofunikira, koma kuphatikizika koyenera ndi kuphatikiza kwa zigawo zonse ndizofunikira pakukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito abwino ndikukulitsaMoyo Wautumikizadenga. Njira ya dongosolo imatsimikizira zigawo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuchiritsikaKupanda madzi ndi zomatira.

Kodi phula losinthidwa limatha kusintha misewu yomanga msewu ndi kukhazikika kwapanjira?

Mwamtheradi. Pomwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndidenga, sinthani phonamenamatenga mbali yofunika kwambiriKupanga Misewu, kulimbitsa thupi kwambirikulimbandi magwiridwe antchitoPlockment Plockment. Mfundo zomwezi zimagwira: kuwonjezera polima kapena zinamachifiersbwinoMaerekuthekera kwapiliraMavuto omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi magalimoto ambiri komanso nyengo yosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. AKugwiritsa ntchito phwemen yosinthidwa mu mseuMapulogalamu ofala mwachindunjimsewuzolephera.

Phula losinthika losinthikama bingu amatsogoleratalaZosakaniza ndi zabwinokukana kusokoneza, makamaka kukhazikika chifukwa cha katundu wolemera mkatikutentha kwambiri. Kukwezedwakunenepayoperekedwa ndimachifiersngatiChipatsoamathandizamsewuKusintha pansi ndikuchira, kuchepetsa nkhawa zotopa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Pakachekeni,sinthani phonamenbwino kusinthasinthakutentha kotsika, kupangamsewuKukonda kwambiri kumawombera nthawi yozizira. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku kumapangitsasinthani phonamenChofunika pa misewu yayikulu, ma eyapoti, komanso misewu yamatauni yogulitsidwa kwambiri pomwe zofuna za magwiridwe ntchito ndizokwera kwambiri.

Zosinthachosangalatsamachitidwe asinthani phonamenimathandiziranso kutimsewukukhala ndi moyo wautali. Mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati patalama band ndi ma tinthu ophatikizika amapangitsa kuti osakaniza aziwononga chinyezi (chovula), chofala chofala chosakhalitsamsewukuwonongeka. Pochepetsa kubereka, kusokonekera, ndi kuvula,Plockment Plockmentomangidwa ndisinthani phonamenamapereka motalika kwambiriMoyo Wautumikindipo imafuna pafupipafupikukonza ndi kukonza. Ngakhale mtengo woyambirira ukhoza kukhala wokwera pang'ono kuposaphula lachilendo, ndalama zopepuka za moyo zimachokera ku kuchulukakulimbandikuchepetsedwa kukonzapangasinthani phonamenkusankha mtengo wovuta kwambiriKupanga Misewuntchito. Zipangizo Monga TathuKutentha kwapakatikati pa Asphaltikhoza kupangidwa ndi izi.

Kodi ndi rable rabber zosinthidwa mosasinthika?

Inde,Rambera wosinthika wosinthika (crmb)ikudziwika kuti ndi njira yokhazikika mkati mwasinthani phonamenukadaulo, makamakaKupanga Misewu. Ichimtundu wa phwemen yosinthidwaimagwiritsa ntchito mphira wapansi wochokera ku matayala a scrap ngati awosathakwatalabinder. Kukhazikika kwake kumayambira pazinthu ziwiri: kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi kupititsa patsogolo.

Choyamba,Chuma chodulidwa chosinthikaImapereka malo otupitsira ofunika kwambiri matayala omaliza omaliza omaliza, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ovuta padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza mphira humba kulowatalasinthani mamiliyoni a matayala kuchokera ku matope kapena otchire, kulimbikitsa chuma chozungulira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso kumachepetsa kudalira kwa anamwali (onse)polymer oyendetsakomanso kukhala ndi enaphula) Zofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe akufunamsewu. Izi zimagwirizana bwino ndikukula malamulo ndi zoyeserera za chilengedwe ndizoyang'ana pa zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso ndi kusungitsa chuma.

Kachiwiri,Chuma chodulidwa chosinthikaNthawi zambiri amapereka magwiridwe antchito. Tinthu ta rabanitengani ndi phlamenZigawozikulu pamtundu wambiri pakupanga, zimapangitsa kuti bala likhale bwino, kusinthasintha kukutentha kotsika, ndipokukana kusokoneza(ratut) ndi kutopa. Njirayolumikizidwa ndi phulaKusinthidwa ndi mphira wa mphira kumatha kuwonetsa bwino skid kukana ndi kuchepa kwa phokoso pamsewukuyerekeza ndi phula lachikhalidwemapiritsi. Ngakhale magwiridwe akewo amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mphira, kukula kwake, komanso njira yophatikizira,Kumbuyonthawi zambiri amaperekakulimbandipo zochulukirapoMoyo Wautumiki, kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwakuchepetsa zosowachifukwa chokhazikikakukonza ndi kukonzandi kumanganso. Monga ukadaulo ukalamba,Chuma chodulidwa chosinthikaikukhala njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yowoneka bwinosinthani phonamenkwa wobiriwiraKupanga Misewu.

Kodi maubwino a nthawi yayitali ndi moyo wogwiritsa ntchito phompho ndi lotani?

Lingaliro lasinthani phonamenNdi ma polima kapena othandizira ena amamasulira kukhala abwino kwambiri, makamaka ozungulirakulimbandipo adakulaMoyo Wautumikikwa onse awiridengandimsewuntchito. Ubwinowu pamapeto pake pamapeto pake chimakhala ndi vuto labwino kwambirikuyerekeza ndi phula lachikhalidwe.

• Moyo Wautumiki wa Ntchito:Izi mwina ndizothandiza kwambiri.KutsitsidwaMakina angakhale zaka 20-30 kapena kupitilira apo ndi kukhazikitsa koyenera ndi kukonza, zowonjezera zochulukirapodengaMitundu. Mofananamo,Plockment Plockmentogwilizitsasinthani phonamenimatha kuwonetsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri musanakonzetse kukonzanso kwakukulu, komwe kumatha kukuliraMoyo Wautumikipofika 50% kapena kuposa momwe zinthu zilili. Kukana kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwa mafuta, kungoyenda, kutopa, ndi nyengo zimatanthawuza kuti zinthuzo zimangokhala nthawi yayitali.
• Kuchepetsa Kukonza:Chufukwasinthani phonamenndi yolimbana ndi mitundu wamba yamavuto, pafupipafupi komanso kwakukonza ndi kukonzanthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa. Wapadenga, izi zikutanthauza kuti kutaya kotsika pang'ono komanso kuchepa. Kwa misewu, imamasulira kusindikizidwa kocheperako komanso kutulutsa kwapo. Izi sizimangopulumutsa ndalama zowongolera komanso kufooka kusokonezedwa ndi zochitika zokonza (E.g., kuchepa kwa magalimoto, zovuta zothandizira).
• Kuchita bwino mopitirira muyeso: Sinthani phonamenimasunga katundu wake wokhazikika pamtunda wambiri. SichonchochepetsaKutentha kwambiri kapena kukhala wopanda phokoso pozizira kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera nyengo ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndikuwonetsetsa chaka chodalirika, kaya ndidengakupirira dzuwa ndi chisanu chimazizira kapenamsewupamagalimoto ambiri. Kuthekera kwapiliraIzi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa moyo wake wautali.
• Chitetezo chokwanira:Panjira, kukana rut kukana ndi kukana kwa smid yabwino kumathandizira kuti pakhale chitetezo chamsewu. Wapadenga, olimbikitsidwakulimbandiKupanda Madziperekani chitetezo chanyumba ndi chuma.
• Bweretsani ndalama:Pomwe mtengo woyamba kusinthani phonamenndikugwiritsa ntchito pomanga akhoza kukhala okwera kuposa kugwiritsa ntchitophula lachilendo, zowonjezedwaMoyo Wautumikindikuchepetsedwa kukonzaNthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsika kwambiri za moyo wonse, kupereka ndalama zabwino. ALivespan ya phompho losinthidwaNtchito zimapereka mtengo wowoneka bwino.

Mwakutero, kusankhagwiritsani phulaIzi zasinthidwa ndi ndalama zoyambira komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali, kulipira zida zochepetsera kuchepetsedwa ndi moyo wautali.

Kodi tingatsimikizire bwanji ntchito yolingana ndi zotsutsana ndi zopangidwa zosinthidwa?

Monga wopanga ndi mizere 7 yopanga mu zinthu mongamalasha a bor phulandipo phula limakhala lita zambiri, kuwonetsetsa kuti mosasintha komanso kutsatira kwambirichifanizoZofunikira zasinthani phonamenndi chofunikira. Kwa makasitomala ngati Mark Thompson, yemwe amayang'ana bwino kwambiri mitengo yamtengo wapatali, yolamulira yolimba mtima siyokambirana. Njira yathu imaphatikizira ma cheke angapo.

Zimayamba ndi kusankha kwa zinthu. MazikophulaAyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni musanalowetse njira yosinthira. Apolymerkapena zinawosatha (Chipatso, App, mphira wapula, etc.) ziyeneranso kutsatira mfundo zomwe zidakonzedweratu zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi katundu. Timakhala ndi maubwenzi olimba ndi omwe timagulitsa ndi kutsogoleredwa pakubwera. MuZopangidwa ZosinthidwaNjira yokha, magawo ngati kutentha kwa kuphatikiza, kusakaniza nthawi, ndipo mtengo wometa ubweya umayang'aniridwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsa ntchito komanso odziwa ntchito zodziwikiratu. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mubalalikewosathaMkati mwaphula, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zowonjezera zomwe mukufunakunenepa, kukana kusokoneza, ndipochosangalatsa.

Makamaka, kuyesedwa mwamphamvu kumachitika pomalizasinthani phonamenmankhwala. Zitsanzo zimatengedwa mwachisawawa kuchokera ku ma batchesi opanga ndikugawika batire ya mayeso a labotale. Mayeso awa amatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a magwiridwe antchito monga momwe amafotokozera mu mayiko apadziko lonse kapena kasitomala (E.g., Asthetm, ENATER). Mayeso nthawi zambiri amaphatikizaponso:

• Mfundo yofewa
• Kulowamanga
• Kuchira kwa Elastic (makamakaChipatsoZosinthidwa Zosinthidwa)
• DSMNIC Shemeter Rhemeter (DSR) Kuyesa (kunyoza ma visa a visa mosiyanasiyana)
• Kufupika rhemeter rhemeter (bbr) kuyesera (pakuwombera kochepa)
• Kukakamiza
• Kusunga (kuonetsetsapolymeramakhala obalalitsidwa)

Pokhalabe oyang'anira bwino (ogwirizana ndi aSOsinthani phonamenZogulitsa zimakwaniritsa zofunikachifanizondi magwiridwe antchito, onetsetsani kudalirika kwa ntchito ngatiKutsitsidwandi magwiridwe antchitomsewu. Njira yovutayi imathandizira kupewa mavuto ngati satifiketi zachinyengomagwiridwe antchitophula limakwaniritsa zoyembekezera.

Kupanga kusankha koyenera: Maganizo Ofunika Kusankha Botin Yosinthidwa

Kusankha zoyenerasinthani phonamenZogulitsa zimafunikira kuganizira zinthu zingapo, kuonetsetsa kuti ndizosankhidwazo zimagwirizana bwino ndi zofunikira za polojekitiyi ndi nyengo. Pogwiritsa ntchito zogulitsa ngati Mark Thompson, zowoneka bwino, mtengo wake, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ndi kiyi. Nawa malingaliro akuluakulu:

1. Ntchito:Ndisinthani phonamenanafunadengakapenamsewu? Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zimasiyana kwambiri.KutsitsidwaNthawi zambiri amayang'anaKupanda Madzi, kusinthasintha, ndi kukana kwa UV, pomwemsewuMapulogalamu amayang'anakukana kusokoneza.
2. Mtundu wa Modzime:Kusankha pakatiChipatsondi pulogalamu (kapena inamachifiersMonga mphira wa mphira) ndiwotsutsa.
   • Sbs osinthikaamapereka wamkulukunenepandi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kochepa, koyenera kwa madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu kapena komwe kuyenda kofunikira kumayembekezeredwa (E.g., milatho, inamachitidwe).
   • WothandiziraZosinthidwaimapereka kusakhazikika kwamphamvu kwambiri, kulimba mtima, ndi kukana kwa UV, nthawi zambiri kumakondedwa ku Torch-Pustingdenganembanemba.
   • Chuma chodulidwa chosinthikaimapereka ndalama zokwanira zopindulitsa zachilengedwe, makamakaKupanga Misewu.
3. Zinthu:Kutentha kopitilira (kukwera ndi kutsika) ndi magawo okwera kwambirimtundu wa phwemen yosinthidwa. Zida ziyenera kusankhidwapiliranyengo yapaderayo popanda kulephera msanga. Mwachitsanzo, dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri imapangitsa kuti wotchilize ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kutentha (nthawi zambiri amakonderaChipatso).
4. Kutumiza magalimoto (panjira):WaKupanga Misewu, voliyumu yomwe ikuyembekezeka komanso kulemera kwamagalimoto ndikofunikira. Katundu wolemera wolemera wokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso bwinokukana kusokonezapakutentha kwambiri.
5. Njira Yokhazikitsa:Wadenga, njira yogwiritsira ntchito (torch, otentha, oziziraomatila, odzidalira) atha kusintha zosankha zasinthani phonamennembanemba. Zinthu zina zimapangidwa makamaka njira zina.
6. Kutsatira:Onetsetsani kuti malonda akukwaniritsa miyezo yogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale (anyezi, aashto, en) kapena zofunikira zapadera. Kufunsira kuvomerezedwa ndi malipoti oyeserera ndikofunikira. Monga othandizira, tikumvetsa kufunikira kwa zolemba zowonekera.
7. Kudalirika ndi Katswiri:Kuganiza zokhala ndi wopanga yemwe amapereka thandizo ndipo ali ndi mbiri yabwino yotsatila ndikofunikira. Malankhulidwe mozama komanso Malangizo odalirika, kuyankhula ndi zowawa za Marko, ndi gawo la malingaliro amtengo wapatali.

Pofuna kuwunika mosamala zinthuzi, ogula amatha kusankha molimba mtimasinthani phonamenZogulitsa, onetsetsani kuti mukugwira ntchito yayitali,kulimba, ndi kukhala ndi mwayi chifukwa cha ndalama zawodengakapenamsewuzomangamanga. AUbwino wa PhulaKusintha kumayatsidwa bwino pomwe chinthu choyenera chimasankhidwa kuti ligwire ntchitoyo.

Pomaliza & Key

Zosinthidwaimayimira kupita patsogolo kwambiri kuposa wambatala, kupereka mayankho ogwira mtima pofunafunadengandimsewuntchito. Pophatikizirama polityngatiChipatsondi pulogalamu, kapena zinamachifiersmonga mphira wa mphira, titha kukhala mainjiniyaphulaKupereka zinthu zapamwamba zamachitidwe otsutsa pamakono zomangamanga ndi kuteteza kumanga.

Nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:

• Kusintha kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito:Cholinga chachikulu chopangasinthani phonamenndikusinthakulimba, kusinthasintha matenthedwe,kukana kusokoneza, Kupanda Madzi, ndi zonseMoyo Wautumiki.
• OGWIRA: Chipatso(elastomer) amaperekakunenepandi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kochepa, pomwe pulogalamu (plastomer) imapereka mphamvu ndi kusakhazikika kwamanja kwambiri.Chuma chodulidwa chosinthikaimapereka phindu la magwiridwe antchito ndi zabwino zokhazikika.
• Ubwino Wodekha: Kutsitsidwaimapereka chiwongola dzanja, chosathachosalowa madzikuteteza padenga lathyathyathya komanso lotsika kwambirikulimbandi kukana nyengo.
• Ubwino Papadera:MuKupanga Misewu, sinthani phonamenKuchepetsa kwambiri, kutopa kunasokonekera, ndipo kumasokoneza mafuta, kumapangitsa kuti akhale otetezeka, osakhalitsaPlockment Plockment.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira:Kusankha kwasinthani phonamenzimatengera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito (dengavs. mseu), nyengo, katundu wamagalimoto, ndi njira yokhazikitsa.
• Chitsimikizo Chachilungamo:Kugwirizana ndi opanga odalirika omwe amatsatira kuwongolera kokhwima komansochifanizoMiyezo ndiyofunikira kuti muwonetsere momwe akuyembekezeredwa komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
• Mtengo wa nthawi yayitali:Ngakhale kukhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri,sinthani phonamenNthawi zambiri amapereka ndalama zotsika kwambiri chifukwa chowonjezeraMoyo Wautumikindikuchepetsedwa kukonza.

Kumvetsetsa katundu, maubwino, ndi ntchito zaMitundu Yosiyanasiyanawasinthani phonamenAmapanga mphamvu, opanga mapulani, ndi akatswiri ogulitsa monga Marko Thompson kuti apangitse zisankho zanzeru, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba, zolimba, komanso zotsika mtengo. Monga fakitale yoperekedwa ku malawi a malasha a phula ndi phula, tikuwona ndekha mtengo womwe umapangidwa ndendendesinthani phonamenZimabweretsa kwa makasitomala athu padziko lonse lapansi.