Kumvetsetsa mafayilo a malawi opindika mu mafakitale a aluminiyamu: chitsogozo chokwanira

Maofesi a Bor phula (CTPV)ndi nkhani yovuta, makamaka yokhudzaKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchitom'mafakitale ngatichiwayakununkhira. Ngati mukuchita nawo zogulira, monga Marko Thompson kuchokera ku USA, kapena kugwira ntchito mkati mwa magawo ang'onoang'ono a phula, kumvetsetsa kuthekerangoziNdipo momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndikofunikira. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kutsimikizira CTPVs, kambiranani tanthauzo lake, ndikufufuza momwe amakhalira ndi malingaliro ndikugwira ntchito, monga zida zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe timapanga pafakitale. Tidzasamala za chiyaniNioshhNdipo matupi ena amati, ndipo chifukwa chake chidziwitsochi ndichofunikira pa ntchito yanu komanso thanzi lanu. Kwa aliyense amene amachititsa zinthu zomweCTPVzitha kukhala nkhawa, kapena kuti iwo akungofuna kumvetsetsa izichinthuBwino, bukuli lipereka chidziwitso chofunikira.

Kodi ndi chiyani kwenikweni ndi ma ala ta talatis (CTPV)?

Mwina mukudabwa, ndi zitiMaofesi a Bor Tar(CTPV) tikumva za? Mwachidule,CTPVndi osakaniza ndi fumbi, nthunzi, ndi mipweya yomwe imamasulidwa pomwe phula la malasha kapena malasha phula amatenthedwa. IchiKutentha kwa phula lamotondi njira yodziwika bwino mu mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Phula la malasha palokha ndi madzi okuda, akuda, chopangidwa ndikupachililoya malasha kuti apangewodziwa cokekapena mpweya wa malasha. Pamene phula la malashawu limakonzedwanso, mwachitsanzo, kupanga liwu, okhola izi amapangidwa. Kapangidwe kaCTPVimatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana, koma amadziwika kuti ali ndi mitundu yambiriPolycyclic Avomac hydrocarbons(Pahs).

IziMapahsndi gulu la anthu opitilira 100mankhalazinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwazaumoyo zachilengedwe. Ena mwa enaMapahsnthawi zambiri amapezekaCTPVPhatikizani mayina odziwika kwa iwokulimbikira, mongapyrene, anthracener, ndipophenanthre. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa iziphula la malasha imagwiritsidwa ntchitoM'magawo ambiri, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa iziokhotandi gawo limodzi la njira zomwe zimakhudza chithandizo chake. Monga fakitale yomwe imaphatikizidwaFakitale yapamwamba kwambiri ya malawi, tikudziwa bwino kwambiri momwe zinthuzi zilili ndi kufunika komvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo. Cholinga chachikulu ndiCTPVzimachitika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwaKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchitondi thanzi logwirizanangozi.

Chifukwa chiyani kukhudzana ndi CTPV kuli chidwi chachikulu?

Chifukwa ChoyambaKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuCTPVKodi nkhawa yayikulu ndi chifukwa cha iwocarcinogenickatundu. Ambiri aMapahsmkatiMaofesi a Bor Taramasankhidwa kuti adziwikema carcinogens. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yayitalikukhudzikaimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi mitundu ina yakhansa. Bungwe Lapadziko Lonse Kuti Tifufuze pa khansa (IARC), gawo la World Health Organisation, lakhala la malawi ang'onoang'ono ngati carcinogenic kwa anthu (gulu 1). Ino si nkhani yoti ayimiridwe mopepuka, ndipo imatsimikizira kufunika kwa zomangamanga kuntchito komweKuwonekera pamawu a malawindizotheka.

Kupitirira chiopsezo chakhansa, kukhudzikakuCTPVimatha kubweretsa zina zingapoZaumoyo Zotsatira Zomwe Zimachitikamwa onse awiripachimake ndi matenda osachiritsikamikhalidwe. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukwiya kwa khungu ndi zithunzi (kupangitsa khungu kukhala lozama kwambiri), komanso mavuto opumira. Ogwira ntchitoKudziwitsidwa ndi malashaMalonda a phula amatha kukumana ndi kutsokomola, kupindika, kapena bronchitis. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa ndi kukonzangozizogwirizana ndiCTPVsichofunikira chabe koma osafunikira chifukwa choteteza wogwira ntchitoThanzi ndi Chitetezo. Cholinga chimakhala chochepakukhudzikampaka pamlingo wotsika kwambiri.

Ndi mafakitale ati, makamaka mafakitale a aluminiyamu, amakumana ndi ziwopsezo za CTPV?

Mafakitale angapo amaphatikizapo njira zomwe zingayambitseKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuMaofesi a Bor Tar. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiriKupanga kwa aluminiyamu. Mualuminium, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa S SIÖderberbeberbkaboni pepaAyode. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika munjira izi kumayambitsa kukhazikika kwaMapahs. Izi zimapangachiwayakupanga gawo lofunikira poyang'ana kayendetsedwe ka CTPV.

Makampani ena omwe ali ndi kuthekeraKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVMavuto akuphatikiza:

• Coke uvunNtchito: ogwira ntchito kuCoke uvunZomera ndi zina mwa anthu omwe amaphunziridwa kwambiri chifukwa chaKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVndi thanzi lake.
• Milandu ya malasha tar baldillation: komwe phula la malasha limakonzedwa kuti lizikhala phula,msempha, ndi zinthu zina.
• Denga: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za malawidengaMadzi am'madzi amatha kumasulidwaCTPV, makamaka atatenthedwa.
• Kuyenda: ena apaderatalaMapulogalamuwo, ngakhale osafala tsopano, angaphatikizepo phula la malasha.
• Zopanga zamagetsi za graphite: phula limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bindeer panonso.
• Zopezeka: Keke phula phula nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo oyenera kapena nkhungu.

Mukudziwa zanga monga wothandizira malonda ngatiPhula kutentha kwambiri, Ndawonapo momwe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kungakhale, ndipo kumalimbikitsa kufunika kodziwitsa magawo angapo.

Kodi kuwonekera kwa CTPV kumachitika bwanji m'makampani a aluminium?

MuKupanga kwa aluminiyamuNjira, makamaka kununkhira, phula la malasha phula ndi gawo lovuta. Imagwira ntchito ngati banroleum ya petroleumwodziwa cokekupanga ma ayode a kaboni, yomwe imadyedwa munthawi yochepetsera elecrolytic ya alumina kutichiwaya. ChachikulunjirawakukhudzikakuCTPVkwa ogwira ntchito mu izikulimbikirandi kudzera mu kupumira kwa utsi, fumbi, ndi nthenga zomwe zimapangidwa pomwe manyadi awa amaphika kapena pakuwomba njira. Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa phokoso kuti awoloke, kumasula osakanizaMapahsndi zina zosungunuka zachilengedwe zimapanga mpweya wabwino.

Ganizirani za chilengedwe mu chipinda chaaluminiummalo. Kutentha, ndipo pali zosintha za ectochemical ectoctroing. Apa ndipamene kuthekera kwambiri kwaKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVnthawi zambiri mabodza. Ntchito monga Anode atakhazikitsa chitsulo, ndi zochitika zokonza mozungulira miphika zimatha kupangitsa kuti zikhalendege kukhudzika. Pomwe kulumikizana ndi khungu ndi malo odetsedwa ndi kothekansonjirawakukhudzika, inhalation yaCTPVnthawi zambiri amatengedwa kufunikira kwambiringoziKuthandizira kuwongoleraZaumoyo Zotsatira Zomwe Zimachitikakuchokera pa izi.

Kodi ndi malire ati omwe afotokozedwawo a malawi a malawi a phula?

Kuteteza ogwira ntchito, matupi owongolera ndi mabungwe azaumoyo akhazikikaMalire ofotokozerawaCTPV. MuU.S.,National InstituteChitetezo cha ntchito ndi thanzi (Nioshh) ndi ntchito yosungirako zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zaumoyo (OHE) Osewera ofunika.Nioshhamalimbikitsa malire owonekera (RE)Maofesi a Bor Tar(kuyezedwa ngatibenzene-sungunukazokwanira tinthu tating'onoting'ono0.1mg / m³ ngati nthawi yolemera (TV) mpaka tsiku la maola 10, maofesi a maola 40.Nioshh Amaona tatphula kukhala kuthekeraNtchito ya Carcinogen.

OHEili ndi malire ovomerezeka (pel)Maofesi a Bor Tar(benzene-souble) wa 0,2 mg / m³. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malire awa adapangidwa kuti achepetse chiopsezo, koma nzeru, makamakacarcinogeniczinthu, nthawi zambiri zimakhalakukhudzikaotsika kwambiri (alara). Kuphatikiza apo,Nioshhwakhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo kumoyo kapena thanzi (Idlh) Mtengo waCTPVpa 80 mg / m³. IchiIdlhMtengo umayimira kuzunzidwa komwe wagwira ntchito kumatha kuthawa popanda mavuto azaumoyo kapena kuwonongeka komwe kungalepheretse kuthawa polephera kupuma. KuzunzakukhudzikaImafunika kukhalabe bwino pansi pa malire omwe akhazikitsidwa.

Kodi kuwonekera kwa CTPV kumayesedwa bwanji ndikuyesedwa kuntchito?

Kuyeza ndi kuchititsa amsasankhidwewaKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVKuntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza thanzi. Izi zimaphatikizapo njira ya mpweya kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwandege CTPV. Njira yodziwika kwambiri imayezabenzene-sungunukaZokwanira za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatola pa fyuluta. Gawoli limawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwinoMapahszomwe zili. Zida zamagetsi zamafakitale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula mpweya wodziwika kudzera mu samping sing'anga (ngati fayilo yagalasi ya galasi) pa nthawi yodziwika, nthawi zambiri imasinthira ntchitokukhudzikamulingo.

Patsogolokuwunikazimaphatikizapo zambiri mwatsatanetsatanemankhalakusanthula kuti mudziwe bwinoMapahsngatipyrene, benzo [a] pyrene, kapenaanthracener. Izi zitha kupereka chithunzi chokwanira chakukhudzikambiri. Mapulogalamu owunikira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira, makamaka m'malo owopsa ngatiCoke uvunmabatire kapenaaluminiumzimbudzi. Zambiri zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera ku izimsasankhidweAmathandiza mu:

• Kudziwa ngatiMalire ofotokozerazikupitilira.
• Kuzindikira kukwera-kukhudzikantchito kapena madera.
• Kuwunikira mphamvu yowongolera.
• Onetsetsani kutiOHEmalamulo.
• Kupereka zofunikadeta yoopsamaphunziro a Epidemiogical.

Kodi zotsatira zaumoyo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuwonetsedwa kwa CTPV?

AZaumoyo Zotsatira Zomwe ZimachitikakuchokeraKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuMaofesi a Bor Tarndi nkhawa yayikulu, makamaka chifukwa chacarcinogenicchikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri. Nthawi yayitalikukhudzikaimalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa zosiyanasiyana.Khansa yam'mapapondi chiopsezo chachikulu, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito m'malo okwerandegeKukhazikika kwaCTPV, monga mbiri yakaleCoke uvunmakonda. Chikumbakhansandi nkhawa ina yayikulu, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha khungu lolunjika ndi zinthu za bona kapena zopingasa, zimakutira ndi Phopiesetition. Palinso umboni wosonyeza kulumikizana kwakhansa ya chikhodzodzondi khansa yachoyagakachitidwe, komanso mwakuthupiKhansa ya Impso.

Kupitilirakhansa, palipachimake ndi matenda osachiritsikaZotsatira zopanda khansa. Izi ndi monga:

• Mavuto a Dermatogical:Khungu kukwiya, dermatitis, ndi Phototoxicity (moopsa kutentha kwa dzuwa - ngati zochita za dzuwa padzuwakukhudzikaPambuyo kulumikizana ndiCTPV).
• Mavuto Omaliza:Kukwiya kwa kupuma thirakiti, bronchitis, komanso kuchepetsedwaphapontchito.
• Kukwiya kwamaso:Kuyaka, kufiira, komanso kusapeza bwino.
  APulogalamu Yakunja ya National'sLipoti pa carcinogensLemberani matayala a malasha ndi ma boti a phula monga munthu wodziwikama carcinogens. IchikudiwikaimakhazikikaElideMogiogyKafukufuku nditoxicologyKafukufuku, kuphatikizaPhunziro la kufazomwe mwapeza m'matumbo ogwira ntchito. Kuzindikira zoopsa izi ndi njira yoyamba yopewera kupewa komanso kuchepetsa.

Kodi ndi maudindo ati omwe amagwira ntchito mu remoung CtPV?

ANational InstituteChitetezo cha ntchito ndi thanzi (Nioshh) ndi ntchito yosungirako zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zaumoyo (OHE) Yesetsani kukhala ofunikira, anbeit osiyanasiyana, maudindo okhudzana ndingoziwaKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVmuU.S. Nioshh, gawo la malo ogulitsa matenda ndi kupewa, makamaka kafukufukusukulu. Imachititsa kafukufuku wasayansi pa zoopsa zosiyanasiyana zantchito, kuphatikizamankhalaKutha MongaCTPV. Kutengera kafukufukuyu,NioshhKukula malingaliro popewa kuvulala ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ntchito, kuphatikizapo chitsimikizo chotsimikizika (chimalimbikitsa) ndi malangizo owongolerakukhudzika. "Makhalidwe awo ogwirizana: Kuonekera kwa ntchito za malasha" ndi chikalata chachikulu m'derali.

OHEKomabe, kumbali inayo, ndi bungwe loyang'anira mu Dipatimenti Yogwira Ntchito. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zotetezeka komanso zotetezeka pokhazikika komanso zoyambitsa komanso popereka maphunziro, kuphatikiza, maphunziro, ndi thandizo.OHEKhazikitsani mphamvu zovomerezeka zovomerezeka (ziphuphu) za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizaMaofesi a Bor Tar. Awa ndi gawo la otakataMakina oyipitsa a mpweya(29 CFR 1910.1000). PameneNioshhAbwino,OHEangatheika malamulondi kukankha. AChilengedwe Chitetezo cha Chilengedwe(EPA) imachitanso mbali mwa kukhazikitsakusiyawaMapahsngatimpweya wodetsamu malo ambiri, omwe amatha kusintha molunjika malo ndikuchepetsakuonononga zachilengedwe.

Kodi tingachepetse bwanji ngozi za CTPV pakusintha kwa ntchito?

KusamalirangoziwaKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuMaofesi a Bor TarPamafunika njira yokumana ndi mbali zambiri, nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kuti olamulira. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zimayang'ana pochotsa kapena kuchepetsangoziPamadzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Zolamulira:Izi zidapangidwa kuti zichotse kapena kuchepetsa usodzi mlengalenga. Zitsanzo Zimaphatikizapo:
  • Mpweya wabwino wambiri (lev) machitidwe akusiya, mongansoCoke uvunmabatire kapena aluminium osungunuka miphika.
  • Kutseka njira kuti mupeweCTPVkuthawa kupita kumalo antchito.
  • Kusintha kwa magwiritsidwe, mwina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimapanga osula ochepa ngati zingatheke.
• Zowongolera Zoyang'anira:Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa machitidwe kapena njira. Zitsanzo Zimaphatikizapo:
  • Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amawonekera kapena kutalika kwakukhudzika.
  • Kukhazikitsa njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito zomwe zili ndi zapamwambakukhudzikakuthekera.
  • Kukhazikitsa madera oletsedwa.
• Zida Zaumwini (PPE):Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mzere womaliza wa chitetezo pamene zowongolera zina sizingachepetsekukhudzika. WaCTPV, PPA ikhoza kuphatikizapo:
  • Chitetezo cha kupuma (E.g.ikulu oyeretsa mpweya wokhala ndi ma cartridge oyenera a nthenga za organic ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena opunthira-ndege zopumira m'malo mwapamwamba).
  • Zovala zoteteza popewa kukhudzana ndi khungu (magolovesi, kunklalls).
  • Chitetezo ndi chitetezo.

Kuphunzitsa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Maphunziro Okhudza Zoopsa zaCTPVNdipo machitidwe ogwirira ntchito otetezeka nawonso nawonso athe. Monga othandizira, nthawi zambiri timakambirana njira zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu monga zathuMalasha a bor phulaPofuna kuthandiza makasitomala kulimbikitsa njira zotetezera izi kumapeto kwawo. Obwera bweraThanzi ndi Chitetezozowunikira ndikuwunikanjira zowongolera onetsetsani kuti akwanitsa.

Kudzipereka kwathu ku ZGFY: Kuyika koyenera kuti muchepetse nkhawa za CTPV

Monga Allen, woimira fakitale yanga ndi mizere yake ku China, ndikufuna kutsimikizira makasitomala monga Marko Thompson ku USA Norland, Europe, ndi Australia yomwe timakhala ndi mavuto ozunguliraMaofesi a Bor Tarkwambiri. Mtundu wathu wabizinesi umamangidwaZogulitsa zapamwamba za malasha ndi mafuta a petroleum coke. Timamvetsetsa kuti mtundu wa zopangira ungapangitse mawonekedwe akusiyaPakugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwake, mwachitsanzo, mualuminiumkapena itagwiritsidwa ntchitoika talamisewu yokhala ndi mawonekedwetala.

Timakhulupilira kuti poyang'ana kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa zinthu ngati zathuKutentha kwapakatikati pa Asphaltkapena magawo osiyanasiyana a petroleumwodziwa coke, timathandizira kuti makasitomala azikhala otchuka komanso owonongera. Pomwe m'badwo waCTPVndizopanda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi pamatenthedwe kwambiri, zosasinthika, zapamwambachinthuImatha kukhala yoloseratu, pothandizira pakupanga zinthu zowongolera. Timalinganiza kulankhulana motsatana ndikuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zino tikwaniritse miyezo yapadziko lonse, yothandizidwa ndi zigwirizano. Izi zikwangwani zoyambirira za ogulitsa okhudzana ndi kuyenderana komanso zolemba zodalirika, kuthandiza kupewa nkhani ngati zachinyengo zomwe zingakhale zowonjezera zowopsa mukamachita zinthu zosavomerezeka mukamachita zinthu zopanda pake. Cholinga chathu ndikukhala bwenzi lolimbikitsakugwiramalo.

Kuyenda mtsogolo: Zatsopano ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri oyang'anira CTPV

Malo oyang'aniraKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuCTPVikutuluka mosalekeza. Pali kafukufuku wopitilira ndi ma inshuwats ndi mkati mwakulimbikiraKuti mupeze njira zochepetsera ogwira ntchitokukhudzikandikusintha chitetezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza zosintha zopanga zopanga, monga kupangaAsphalt osinthidwandi zina zapadera za malawi zopangidwa mwapadera zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsika zomwe zimasinthidwa kapena kusinthidwaMapahsMbiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepetsedwaCTPV imachokera. Zojambula zowongolera zowongolera, ngati mpweya wabwino kwambiri kapena mapangidwe oyenda bwinoCoke uvunntchito kapenaKupanga kwa aluminiyamu, ndiye fungulo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupititsa patsogolo kwamatekitala kumatha kupereka molondola komanso yeniyenimsasankhidwewakukhudzikakuchuluka, kulola kulowerera kwachangu. Machitidwe abwino kwambiri amagogomezera kwambiri njira yokonderaThanzi ndi ChitetezoMakina oyang'anira, kuphatikiza CTPV Kuwongolerazaumoyo zachilengedwendi mapulogalamu achitetezo. Mgwirizano pakati pa mafakitale (monga aluminium, chitsulo, ndikaboni pepaOpanga zamalonda), mabungwe oyang'anira mongaOHEndiChilengedwe Chitetezo cha Chilengedwe, ndipo mabungwe ofufuza ngatiNioshhndikofunikira. Kugawana chidziwitso,deta yoopsa, ndipo njira zolamulira zoyendetsera bwino zidzakhala zofunikira poteteza kale komanso zamtsogoloanthu wambaa ogwira ntchito kuchokera kuzowopsa zomwe zimagwirizana ndiMaofesi a Bor Tar. Monga wopanga, ndife odzipereka kuti tizidziwa za izi ndikusintha zomwe timachita kuti tithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zathu zotetezeka.

Makina Ofunika Kukumbukira:

• Maofesi a Bor phula (CTPV)ndi osakanizira ovuta, makamaka okhala ndiPolycyclic Ormonatic hydrocarbons (Pahs), kumasulidwa pamene phula la malasha kapena phula limatenthedwa.
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuCTPVndi thanzi labwinongozi, ndi maulalokhansa(makamakaphapo, khungu,chikodzodzo) ndi kupuma kwina komanso khungu.
• Makampani ngatiKupanga kwa aluminiyamu, Coke uvunNtchito, ndi padenga lakuda kwambiriKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPV.
• NioshhndiOHEPerekani malangizo ndi malangizo (amalimbikitsa ndi ziphuphu, nthawi zambiri kutengerabenzene-sungunuka) Kuchepetsakukhudzika. IdlhMfundo zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zoopsa.
• Kuthekera kumabweretsa zowongolera zamainjiniya, zowongolera, ndi zida zoteteza payekha (PPE).
• Mtundu wa zinthu za phula umatha kukopaCTPV imachokera; Ogulitsa olemekezeka amayang'ana pa kusasinthika komanso kutsatira njira.
• Kafukufuku wopitilira ndi mgwirizano ndi chifungulo chowongolera kasamalidwe kaKuwonetsedwa kwa CTPVndi kukonza zotetezeka za ogwira ntchito mukulimbikira.
• Kumvetsetsa ndi kuthetsa zoopsa zokhudzana ndiCTPVndizofunikira kuti azitsatira mogwirizana, koposa zonse, kuteteza ntchito ya ogwira ntchito kuyambira pano mwakuthupicarcinogenic chinthu.