Kumvetsetsa phula la bola la bor:

Lifala ya malawi phula, yosamvetseka koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yosamvetseka, ndi mwala wapangodya wamakampani amakono. Zinthu zakuda, zowoneka bwino, zochokera kulamala yamalasha, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazinthu zonse kuchokera ku aluminiyamu kusungunuka ndikupanga zitsulo zopanga zinthu zochulukirapo kaboni kaboni. Ngati mukugawana nawo kugula mafakitale monga aluminiyamu, chitsulo, kapena graphite elekitirode, kumvetsetsa zovuta zaphula la phula- Malo ake, ntchito, kulimbitsa, ndi kusamalira - ndikofunikira kuti mupange zosankha zambiri. Nkhaniyi imakhala ndi moyo padziko lapansiphula la phula, kuyang'ana ulendo wake kuchokera ku yuni yaiwisi kuti akhale ofunikirawogwira mu kampanichinthu, kufotokoza chifukwa chosasankhawoperekaZinthu, ndikuyankha ziganizo zazikulu ngati zabwino komanso chitetezo. Monga wopanga ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo (dzina langa ndi lallen, ndipo fakitale yathu ku China imagwira ntchito padzikoli)phulaZogulitsa.

1. Ndi chiyani chomwe chili ngati phula phula? Mawonekedwe

Phula la phulakwenikwenichotsaadasiyidwa pambuyo pakupachililowa phula la malasha. Phula lamoto lokha ndi landiwe, madzi akuda omwe amapezeka ngati andi mankhwalaMilandu ikamatenthedwa mwamphamvu pakalibe mpweya, njira yotchedwa mpweya, makamaka nthawi yapangawawodziwa cokekwa chitsulokulimbikira. Ganizirani izi: phula la malasha ili ndi zosakaniza zosavutamankhalamankhwala. Tikamacheza ndikulekanitsa zinthuzi (mongaNaphthalene, phenol, ndipoanthracenerMafuta), zolemera, zolemera, zonenepa zotsalira kumapeto kuliphula la phula.

Iziphulandi yolimba yolimbachinthukutentha kwa firiji, kukhala wonenepa,maonekedwemadzi atatenthedwa. Chikhalidwe chake chimadalira kwambiri kutentha komanso mwachindunjigiledizaphula. Zimakhala ndi zovuta za polycyclic avomatic hydrocarbons (pahs), pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa herucyccyccyctions ndi phenols. Zowonakuphanaimatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengera moto wa magwero ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe ndichifukwa chake kuwongolera koyenera kuchokera kuwoperekandizofunikira. Izi, nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kutiphula, mawonekedwe a kumbuyo kwa ambiri ovutawogwira mu kampaninjira.

Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lalikulu ndi gawo loyamba.Phulasikuti ndi chabe - Ndi chinthu choyengeka bwino ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndizopangidwa kuchokera ku malashaKukonza ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, osati kutaya. Chikhalidwe chake chapadera ndi cholemera cha kaboni - chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofunikira kwambiri.

2. Kodi phula labwino kwambiri la phula lopangidwa bwanji? Ulendo wa distillation

Ulendo wochokera ku raise ya raw phula mpaka kwambiriphula la phulazimaphatikizapo njira yodziwikiratu yotchedwa distiction distillation. Njirayi imasiyanitsidwa mosamala magawo osiyanasiyana a phula lalanda lopangidwa ndi mfundo zawo zotsika. Poyamba, phula lalama lamoto limatenthedwa m'malo akulu. Kutentha kumakwera, mafuta owala ngati mafuta owala, mafuta a carbolic (okhala ndiphenol)NaphthaleneMafuta, ndikutsuka mafuta nthunzi ndipo amatengedwa pamakampani osiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zimatsalira pambuyo pa zigawo zopepuka zachotsedwa ndiphula. Kukula kwakupachililochimatsimikiza zomwe zimachitika komalizaphula, makamakamfundo yofewa- Kutentha komwe kumayamba kusokoneza pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyeserera. Mwa kuwongolera kutentha koma kutalika kwa distillation, opanga ngati ife amatha kupanga magiredi osiyanasiyana aphula la phulazogwirizana ndi zofunikira za mafakitale, kuyambira kofala ndi mfundo zotsika kwambiri pazovuta zolimbakutentha kwambirikukana.

Kuwongolera koyenera pamenepapanganjira ndiyofunika. Mwanthawizonsekutentha, chidule kutentha, ndikulekanitsidwa mosamala kwa magawo ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zakephula la phulaAmakumana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pazinthu ngatimfundo yofewa, mtengo wophatikizika, quinoline influbles (Qi), Toluene Insulubles (Ti), ndiphulusazomwe zili. Izi zimatsimikizira aphulaamachita modalirika ngatifayilokapena ophatikizika pakugwiritsa ntchito. Njira yonse imafuna ukadaulo waluso komanso zida zolimba kuti zikhale zosasinthasinthaphulamankhwala.

3. Kodi nchiyani chimapangitsa phula la malasha la malasha kwambiri kukhala lofunika kwambiri pamakampani? Kutulutsa katundu

Mtengo waphula la phulazimayambira kuchokera kumbali yake yapadera komansomankhalakatundu. Choyamba, kuthekera kwake kwabwino kwambiri ndikofunikira. Atatenthedwa,phulakufewetsa ndi kuyenda, kunyowetsa bwino komanso kumangirira zinthu zinapetuloleum cokekapena anthtere. Pakuzizira kapena kupitirirakutentha(kaboni), imakhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvukaboni pepaMatrix, kumanga izi. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala zapaderafayilomupangawakaboni pepaAwode,elekishi electrodes, ndipokapangidwezida.

Kachiwiri,phula la phulaili ndimwambakaboni pepazomwe zili zofunikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atatenthetsa kutentha kwambiri pakalibe mpweya, imapereka zochulukakaboni pepa (Pitch Coke)elekishi electrodesntchito m'malo a magetsimikangano. Mawonekedwe ake onunkhira amathandiziranso kupangagilaphitePa nthawi yotentha kwambiri (praphitization).

Malo ena ofunikira amapezeka ndi mawonekedwe ake a thermoplastic (kufewetsakutentha, kulimbikitsa kuzizira), kutsikaphulusazokhumba (zosayera), mawonekedwe abwino zamagetsi mu mawonekedwe ake opaka, ndikulimbana ndi madzi ndi mankhwala, ndikupanga kukhala kotetezedwachokutilantchito. Mwachindunjigilediwaphulaadzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ngatimfundo yofewa, kukweza, ndi mtengo wophatikizika, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha yoyenera kwambiriMtundu wa phulanjira yawo. Makhalidwe oyambira awa amapangaphula la phulazopangira zosafunikira pamafakitale osiyanasiyana.

4. Ndi mafakitale ati omwe amadalira kwambiri pa lisu la malawi phula? Mapulogalamu Akuluakulu Akufufuzidwa

Phula la phulaNdi zinthu zakale, zolimbikitsidwa m'mafakitale angapo. Ntchito zake ndi zosiyanasiyana, zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda pake ngatifayilo, osakwatiwa, komanso gwero lakaboni pepa. Nayi madera ofunikira kutiphula limagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Makampani Aluminium:Izi ndi ogula kwambiriphula la phula. Imagwira ntchito yoyambirirafayilowapetuloleum cokendi kubwezeretsanso mabatire mupangaa mabondo a carbon omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu holo-Héulalt njiraaluminium. Mtundu waphulaZosangalatsa mwachindunji ndichiwayaKupanga bwino.
• Makampani Atsulo: Phula la phulaimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangakapangidweNjerwa ndi zosintha za monolithic zokhala ndi kutentha kwambirimikangano, kuphatikiza ma deacession ndi magetsimikangano. Kuthekera kwake kupanga wamphamvukaboni pepaMgwirizano pamtenthedwe kwambiri umapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku slag ndi zitsulo kulowetsedwa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku CAPHOLE.
• Kupanga SinjifoniMapangidwe apamwambaphula la phula (electrode grat) ndikofunikira pakupangaelekishi electrodes, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magetsimikangano.metallicalnjira. Imagwira ntchito ngati onse afayilokwawodziwa coketinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso monga wothandizira kuti aziwonjezera kachulukidwe ndi nyonga ya ophikaekitirodi. Kufuna kwaelekishi electrodesZochita mwachindunjiphulaKudya.
• Zokutira ndi Zosindikiza:Chifukwa cha njira yake yabwino kwambiri yochitira komanso zomata,phulaimagwiritsidwa ntchito potetezazopindulitsaKwa mapaipi, akasinja, ndi nyumba zamadzi. Ndi chinthu chotsimikizira kuti denga lanu limamveka komanso kuyenda pamayendedwe osindikizira, kupereka zolimba komanso kukana nyengo.Malasha a bor phulanthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamapulogalamuwa.
• Zinthu zina za carbon: PhulaAmagwira ntchito ngati yoyendetsa mwapaderakaboni pepaZogulitsa ngatikaboni, kaboni (ngakhale pano), ndi kaboni-kaboni. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muwopezaMakampani ngati gawo la core hels ndi nkhunguzopindulitsa.

Machitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito aphula la phulazikhazikikewogwira mu kampanizakuthupi ndi ntchito zingapo.

5. Chifukwa chiyani phula la biter yomwe mumakonda ya aluminium smode?

Ku pulaikuluchiwayaMakampani, Kupanga Kwachiyero Kwambirichiwayaimadalira electrolysis a alumina (aluminium oxide) kusungunuka mu molten clolite. Njirayi imafuna zazikulukaboni pepaAyode, omwe amadyedwa nthawi yomwe achita.Phula la phulandiye wokonda kwambirifayiloPopanga Ayode awa, makamaka pazifukwa ziwiri: Katundu wake ndi wam'mwambakaboni pepaZotuluka.

Aphulaayenera kunyowa bwino kuwerengerapetuloleum cokeDzazani, dzazani ma voids pakati pa tinthu, ndikupereka mphamvu zobiriwira zokwanira musanaphike. Pamene zobiriwiramalode(chisakanizo cha coke ndiphula) amaphikidwa kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 1100-1200 ° C), aphula la phulazimachitikamfuti. Imawola ndikusintha kukhala cholimba, yamagetsikaboni pepamatrix (Pitch Coke) zimamangirizawodziwa coketinthu tating'onoting'ono. Mtengo wambiri wophika uwu umakhala ndi zophika zophikakukula, nyonga, ndi kukana kwamagetsi kofunikira pakufuna kusungunuka.

Komanso, mwachindunjiKuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawaphula la phula, makamaka kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kwambiri, kumathandizira kukana kwa Ayode ku makutidwe ndi mpweya ndi CO2 kutentha kwambiri kwa maselo osungunula maselo osungunula. Ngakhale zomangirira zina zasanthula, palibe amene akufanana ndi mphamvu zophukira komanso ntchito zonsephula la phulamokulirachiwayakupanga. Kuchuluka kwaPitch Buberndizofunikira pa magwiridwe antchito, osagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yonse yaaluminiumopaleshoni.

6. Kodi Pitch Pitch yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji popanga zitsulo ndi zotheka?

Phula la phulaimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, yosiyana, yomwe imagwira ntchito yamakampani achitsulo poyerekeza ndichiwaya. Ntchito yake yayikulu pano ikugwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri, makamaka mukapangidweZida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhota ndi ziwiya zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ziweto zokhala ndi zokhazikika komanso zinametoldurgynjira. Akasakanikirana ndi ophatikizidwa ophatikizika ngati magnesia kapena alumina-graphite,phulaamachita ngati kwakanthawifayiloPakupanga ndi gwero lotsalirakaboni pepaPambuyo powombera.

Mukutenthakapena kuchiritsa njira zopangira izi, aphula la phulakaboniku Stu. Chifukwakaboni pepanetwork imawonjezera zovuta zingapo zoyeserera. Zimachepetsa chitsirizidwe ndi slag slag ndi chitsulo, kupewa kulowa komanso kufalitsa moyo. Zimawonjezeranso mkwiyo wamagetsi ndipo imapereka umphumphu pazinthu zambiri kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapezeka potentheka, makondo a oxygen, komanso magetsimikangano(Apss). Kuphatikizira njerwa zoyaka ndiphulandianagwiritsanso ntchitokudzazakupanikizandi kukonzanso kukana kumenyedwa kwa mankhwala.

Zoposa zotsatila,phulanthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'Chodi ya Tapole, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukutira tahole wa kuphulikachimune. Aphulaimapereka ma pulasitiki ndipo imathandizira kupanga tayala, chidindo champhamvu chomwe chitha kupirira zovuta. Kusankha koyenerakalasindikofunikira, kusokoneza kufunika kogwirira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira kuti zithekekaboni pepandi magwiridwe antchito ogwiritsira ntchito.

7.Kodi mbali yanji yopanga ma elekitilo a graphite?

Elekishi electrodesndizofunikira m'malo a magetsimikangano. Ndodo zazikuluzikulu za cylindrical zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwazamagetsiPakadali pano kuti musungunuke chitsulo.Phula la phulandi zolimbitsa thupipanga, kutumiza zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu: mongafayilokomanso wosabereka.

Mu gawo loyamba, singanowodziwa coke(mtundu wapadera wa mawonekedwe apamwambapetuloleum coke) imasakanikirana ndielectrode grade malasha phula, zomwe zimagwira ngatifayilo. Izi zosakanikirana zimatalika kapena zimapangidwa kukhala zomwe mukufunaekitirodimawonekedwe (wobiriwiraekitirodi). Wobiriwiraekitirodindiye amaphika pa kutentha pafupifupi 800-1000 ° C. Mukaphika,Pitch Bubercarboze, ndikupanga cholimbakaboni pepaMatrix omwe ali ndi singanowodziwa coketinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikupanga ophikaCarbon electrode.

Komabe, ophikakaboni pepaIli ndi zotsalirakupanikiza. Kukwaniritsa zapamwambakukula, mphamvu, ndi zamagetsi zofunikira zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito, ophikaekitirodiimapangitsa kuti kuzungulira kamodzi kapena kuphatikizira komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo otsikaphula la phula. Aphulaimalowa mu ma pores, ndipoekitirodiKenako adatsitsidwa kuti ikhale yopanda pakephula. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe ndikuwongolera magwiridwe ake. Pomaliza, ma elekitirodi amakhazikikakutentha kwambiri(2500-3000 ° C), Kutembenuza Amorphouskaboni pepakuchokera ku Coke ndiphulakukhala wolamulidwagilaphitekapangidwe. Mtundu wa binderphulandi kuphatikizaphulaikugwira ntchito yopanga kwambirielekishi electrodes. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumanjaphula kutentha kwambiri(phula) ndi kiyi.

8. Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makeke a malasha a phula amapezeka?

Inde,phula la phulasichinthu chokwanira-chokwanira. Imapangidwa m'makalasi osiyanasiyana, makamaka amasiyanitsidwa ndi awomfundo yofewa, omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa distillation ndi kugawa kolemetsa kwamwazi. Kalasi wamba imaphatikizapo:

• Pulogalamu yofewa / yotsika kwambiri:Maphunzirowa ali ndi mfundo zotsika kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pansi pa 80 ° C). Amakhala ndi madzi ambiri pamtundu wotsika ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ngati mitundu ina yam'mapiri kapena komwe madzi ambiri amafunikira.
• Kutentha kwapakatikati:Ichi ndi gulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi mfundo zofewa kuyambira pafupifupi 80 ° C (Mettler). Ichigilediimagwira bwino pakati pamayendedwe ndi kugwirira ntchito.Kutentha kwapakatikati pa Asphaltndi mawonekedwe wamba amtunduwu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngatifayilomukaboni pepakupanga mawonekedwe amakampani ogulitsa aluminium.
• Zovuta Zolimba / Kutentha Kwambiri:Maphunzirowa ali ndi mfundo zonenepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kuposa 115 ° C, nthawi zina zopitilira 150 ° C). Amapanga kwambiriwodziwa cokezokolola ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito zolimba mphamvu zazikulu ndi zolimba, monga zinakapangidweMapulogalamu, apaderagilaphiteZogulitsa, ndipo nthawi zina monga zophatikiziraphulawaelekishi electrodes.
• Zosinthidwa malasha phula:Nthawi zina,phula la phulaimasinthidwa kudzera ngati kuwomba kwa mpweya, chithandizo chamafuta, kapena kuphatikizira ndi zinthu zina (petuloZosatheka, ma polima) kuti akwaniritse katundu.Asphalt osinthidwakapena phula lingapatsidwe kuchulukana, kukonza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ntchito zapadera ngati ntchito zapaderazopindulitsakapena zokutira. Zitsanzo Zimaphatikizapoasphalt osinthidwazopangidwa pamsewu kapena mafakitale.

Kusankha kwakalasiZimatengera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe mukufuna. Mongawopereka, timagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ngati Marko Thompson kuti awonetsetse kuti alandilagiledindiMtundu wa phulazofunika pakupanga njira zawo, kaya ndialuminium ndi graphitemalonda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zina. Kusasinthika kwa aliyensegiledindi kiyi yopanga zodalirika zopanga.

9. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji malawi odalirika a phula phula? Chitsogozo cha wogula

Phunziro la Kugula Monga Maliko An Marko Thompson, Kuyambitsaphula la phulaKuchokera kwa ogulitsa ochokera kumayiko ena, makamaka kuchokera ku mayiko ngati China, pamafunika kuvala mosamala. Kupeza Wodalirikawoperekaamangopita kochepa chabe kuti apirire mpikisano; Ndi za kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi kusasinthika kofananira, mfundo zodalirika, komanso kulumikizana mowonekera. Nawa zinthu zazikulu zofunika kuziganizira:

• Kusasinthika Kwambiri ndi Kuwongolera:Izi ndi zofunika. Funsani othandizira omwe angathe kuwongolera njira zawo zoyenera. Kodi amayesa batani lililonse? Kodi amatha kupereka zikalata zosasinthika za kusanthula (coa) yomwe imagwirizana ndimfundo yofewa, Qi, tI,phulusaZokhumba, mtengo wophatikizika, etc.? Mafakitale Olemekezeka Monga Athu Athu Okhazikika Malub ndikutsatira ma protocol oyeserera (E.g., ISO Miyeso). Chenjerani ndi ogulitsa omwe safuna kugawanatsatanetsatane kapena zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa zigawo. Kupempha zitsanzo zoyeserera pawokha musanayike madongosolo akulu ndi gawo lanzeru.
• Ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi chithandizo:Pomwe Marko atha kukhala olimba pakugulitsa, kukhala ndiwoperekaNdi ntchito yaukadaulo ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kodi atha kukambirana kuti ndi zosiyana bwanjiphulakatundu amakhudza ntchito yanu? Kodi atha kulangizidwa pankhani yoyeneragiledi? Wosunga wodziwa akhoza kukhala mnzake, osati wofalitsa chabe. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lathu limakhala ndi zaka zopanga zopanga kuti zithandizire makasitomala.
• Kupanga mphamvu ndi kudalirika:AmachitawoperekaKodi mukutha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zanu mosagwirizana? Kodi mbiri yawo ikubweretsa chiyani? Kuchedwa kwa kutumiza ndi zowawa zazikulu, zomwe zingathetsere. Yang'anani mafakitale okhazikitsidwa ndi mizere yopanga (ngati mizere yathu 7) yomwe ikusonyeza kukhazikika komanso kuthekera koyang'anira madongosolo akulu. Funsani zowerengera kapena maphunziro a milandu.
• Zivomeredzo ndi kutsatira:Onetsetsani kutiwoperekaAmatsatira mfundo zoyendetsera zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi (monga ISO 9001 pazinthu zabwino, ISO 14001 ya kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe). Funsani za kutsatira kwawo chitetezo ndi chilengedwe. Pemphani makope a makope, koma dziwani za kuthekera kwachinyengo - mtanda ngati zingatheke. Kugwirizana kumatsimikizira ntchito yodalirika komanso yaluso.
• Kulankhulana ndi kuwonekera:Kuyankhulana moyenera ndikofunikira, makamaka pamagawo ndi zilankhulo. Kodi Gulu Logulitsa ndilabwino? Kodi amapereka zidziwitso zomveka zokhudzana ndi zochita zopanga, kutumizira zinthu zambiri, ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike? Kuyankhulana Kowonekera kumapangitsa kudalirana ndipo kumathandizira kuwongolera kuyembekezera, kupewa zodabwitsa zokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu kapena mawu olipira.
• Mapulogalamu ndi ma CD:Kambiranani zosankha zoyambira (E.g., mabodi olimba, amakongoletsa m'matumba, osungunuka m'matumbo) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mwayi wogwira. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu otumizira (ma ecrotorms) ndikuwonetsetsawoperekaAmakumana ndi kutumiza kudera lanu (USA, Europe, ndi zina). Zikampani zodalirika zodalirika ndizofunikira pakubwera kwa nthawi.
• Mitengo vs. mtengo:Ngakhale mitengo yampikisano ndikofunikira, njira yotsika mtengo siyokhali bwino nthawi zonse. Chinthu chambiri chambiri, kudalirika, ndi zomwe zingachitike pazochitika zopangidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitikaphula. Cholinga chanu chabwino kwambirikupereka.

Kupeza UfuluCol Tar Pitch yogulitsaamafunika kulimbikira. Kuyendera fakitale, kupezeka pa mafilimu (komwe timakonda kukumana ndi makasitomala), ndikumanga chibwenzi mogwirizana ndi kukhulupirirana ndikulimbikitsidwa.

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Kugwira Ntchitophula la phulapamafunika chisamaliro cha chitetezo chifukwa cha kuthekeraKuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuMaofesi a Bor Tar(CTPV), yomwe imaphatikizapo Polycyclic Ardomac hydrocarbons (Pahs).Kukhudzikazitha kuchitikakuvulalaa nkhusu kapena fumbi,Kulumikizana KwanundiphulaIkokha, kapena ingestion (yofala, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha ukhondo). Ndikofunikira kwa mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchitophulakukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo cha brust.

Kuwonetsedwa Pang'onozochokera mongaphulazimatha kubweretsa thanzi. M'masiku ochepa patsogolokukhudzikakukwerakolimbikiramagawo a CTPV akhoza kuyambitsakupuma thirakiti, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, ndi mseru. Kutalika kapena kubwerezaKulumikizana Kwanuimatha kubweretsa photosensitivity (kupangitsa khungu kwambiri padzuwa), folliclitis, ziphuphu, ndi zinamikhalidwe. Nthawi yayitalikuvulala kukhudzikazakhala zikugwirizana ndi zoopsa za khansa zina, makamaka pakhungu, mapapu, ndi chikhodzodzo, matupi a chitetezo cha US Actkukhudzikamalire (ma pilesi) a ctpvs mukulo nchito.

Kuzunzakukhudzikaimaphatikizapo utsogoleri wa zowongolera:

• Zolamulira:Prolosaning njira, pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino (Lev) machitidwe kuti agwire mimba ku gwero (mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza, kuphika kodetsa,chimuneNtchito), ndi ntchito zokha kuti muchepetse kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi zothandiza kwambiri.
• Zowongolera Zoyang'anira:Kuchepetsa nthawi ndalama kumathetsakukhudzikamadera, kukhazikitsa njira zolimbikira, ndikupereka madera odzipereka kudya / kumwa kutali ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, komanso kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuntchito, komanso kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuntchito yoyesa ctpvkolimbikiramagawo.
• Zida Zaumwini (PPE):Iyi ndiye mzere womaliza wa chitetezo ndikuphatikizanso kupuma koyenera (kusankhidwa kutengerakukhudzikamilingo), magolovesi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndi osilira. Kuphunzitsa koyenera pa PPE ndi kukonzanso ndikofunikira.
• Ukhondo:Kutsindika za dzanja nthawi zonse ndikusamba pambuyo shifts ndizofunikira kuchotsa zotsalira zilizonsephulakuchokera pakhungu.

Pamenephula la phulandi yofunika kwambiriwogwira mu kampaniZochita zakuthupi, zogwirira ntchito ndi kutsatira njira zoyendetsera chitetezo ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse zoopsa zokhudzana ndiKuwonetsedwa kwa Ntchito. Ogulitsa olemekezeka ayenera kupereka ma sheet otetezedwa (ma sds) akuwonetsa zoopsa ndikulimbikitsidwaphulaZogulitsa. ChepetsakukhudzikaAmateteza thanzi la wogwira ntchito ndipo akuwonetsetsa kuti akutsatira.

Makina Othandizira Pamalo a malata a phula

Kukulunga kufufuza kwathuphula la phula, awa ndi mfundo zofunika kukumbukira:

• Chiyambi: Phula la phulandichotsakuchokerakupachililowa phula la mtengo wa malawi, apa byroductmwa kaboti ya malasha.
• Katundu Wofunikira:Mtengo wake woyamba wagona moyenera kwambiri komanso kutalikakaboni pepazokololakutentha (Pitch Cokemapangidwe).
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwakukulu:Ndizofunikirafayilowakaboni pepaAwode mkatialuminium, zofunika mkatiZojambula za Graphite electrode, ogwiritsa ntchito makampani achitsuloKukonzanso, ndikupezeka mwalusozopindulitsandi zimbudzi.
• Makunja: Phulaamabwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana (zofewa, zapakatikati, zolimba, zosinthidwa) zosinthidwa makamakamfundo yofewa, zogwirizana ndi zosiyanawogwira mu kampanintchito ngatiMitundu yotentha ya phula.
• Kusankhidwa kwa Woyang'anira:Kusankha WodalirikawoperekaImaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kusinthasintha, kuthandizira kwaukadaulo, luso lopanga, kuvomerezedwa, kuchita bwino, komanso kuchita ukatswiri. Yambirani mtengo wonse, osati mtengo chabe.
• Chitetezo: Kuwonetsedwa kwa NtchitokuMaofesi a Bor Tar.mikhalidwekapenakupuma thirakiti.

Kumvetsetsa mbali iziphula la phulaAmalimbikitsanso akatswiri pamakampani okhudzana kuti ayambe kupanga zisankho, amathetsa njira zawo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino komanso zofunikaMankhwala. Monga wopanga woperekedwa, ndife odzipereka popereka mwayi wambiriphulaZogulitsa ndikuthandizira makasitomala athu padziko lonse lapansi.