Tar, phula la malasha-phula, phula, ndi petroleum - pali kusiyana kotani kwa njira yanu ndi zofunikira za mafakitale?

Adapezekapo odabwitsa ndi mawu ngatitala, phula la malasha, phula la malasha, tala, ndipopetulo? Simuli nokha! Iziwakuda, maonekedwemalayaNthawi zambiri amatchulidwa m'mitundu yochokeramsewu kumangakwa osiyanasiyanawogwira mu kampani karata yanchitos. Kumvetsetsa komwe adachokera, zinthu zawo, ndigwilitsa nchitoS ndi yofunikira, makamaka ngati muli m'makampani omwe amadalira. Nkhaniyi ikhumudwitsa zinthu izi, fotokozani awokusiyanas, ndikuwunikira chifukwa chosankha kumanjachinthuNdipo wotsatsa, monga ife pano ku Zgfty, ndikofunikira kuti muchite bwino. Tiona momwemalashakukonza kumabala zipatso zopatsa thanzi, bwanjipetuloAmagwira nawo gawo, ndipo inu, monga ogula ozindikira ngati Marko Thompson, ayenera kuyang'ana. Konzekerani kulowa pansi kudziko lapansi la iziwogwira mu kampani malayaS!

1. Kodi phula ndi chiyani, ndipo zimasiyana bwanji ndi phula lamoto lomwe limachokera komanso kupangidwa?

Teremuyo "tala"Ndiotalika, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza chilichonsechachikulu, wamdima, wowoneka bwinomadzi akuda. Koma muukadaulo wapamtima,talanthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi distillation yowononga ya organicmalayas. Mwachindunjichiyambiza organicmalayandi zomwe zimatipatsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yatala. Mwachitsanzo, nkhunitalaamabwera kuchokera ku mitengo, pomwetalatimakonda kwambiriwogwira mu kampaniZolinga,phula la malasha, zochokera kumalasha. Akusiyanamuchiyambikumabweretsa chofunikirakusiyanamumankhalaChifukwa, chifukwa chake, zinthu zawo ndigwilitsa nchitos.

Phula la malashamakamaka makamaka yopezeka pagalimoto yamalashakupangawodziwa coke(yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga) kapenampweya wa malasha. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutenthamalashaKutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwampweya. Mankhwala osasunthika omwe adatulutsidwa panthawiyi amasonkhanitsidwa ndipo adapukidwa kuti apange mawonekedwephula la malasha. Uyuphula la malashandi osakaniza mazana ambiri amankhala pawirikizas, nthawi yomweyo hydrocarbons, phenols, ndi herrocyccycy. Mosiyana ndi enatalas,phula la malashandi wolemeramankhalamongabenzene, Toluene, xlenes, naphthalene, ndi anthracene, yomwe imatha kuzimiririka m'malo osiyanasiyanakarata yanchitos.

Chifukwa chake, pomwe "phula" ndi nthawi zambiri,phula la malashandiachindunjimtunduwatalandi chodziwika bwinochiyambi-malasha. Zovutamankhalamakhalidwe aphula la malashazimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosiyanasiyana komanso yofunika kwambirimalayapoyerekeza ndi generictalaochokera ku magwero ena achilengedwe. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira izikusiyanandi gawo loyamba loyamikirira mitundu yonsegwilitsa nchitos. Malo apadera aphula la malashatsinde mwachindunji kuchokeramalashaAmachokera ndipo kutentha kwambiri kumachitika.

2.

Phula la malashailidi yofunika kwambiri yamalashaKukonza, makamaka kuchokera kwakupanga cokekapenampweya wa malasha. Litimalashaimawombedwa ku kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kupitirira 900 ° C kapena 1650 ° F) M'gawo la Oxygen - Njira Yodziwika Ngati Carbonation kapena Kuphika - Sizingopangawodziwa coke. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chinthu chosasunthika kumathamangitsidwa, komwe, pakuzizira, kutsimikiza kupanga achachikulu, maonekedwemadzi akuda: Samwaphula la malasha. Izi sizingowononga; Ndi ndalama zamtengo wapatali zamankhala pawirikizas. Achinthuwaphula la malashaimalumikizidwa ndi mafakitale achitsulo (zosowa zitiwodziwa coke) ndi ganyu yamatawunichinthu.

Kufunika kwaphula la malashamabodza ali olemera komanso ovuta. Ndi malo opezeka mazana a osiyanasiyanamankhalas, makamaka ma hydrocarbons mongabenzene, Toluene, xmblenes, naphthalene, anthraracene, ndi phenanthre, komanso phenols, ndi zigawo za nayitrogeni ngati prididine. Ambiri mwa anthuwapawirikizaS ikhoza kuwonekera kudzera mu distiction, njira yomwe imalekanitsa zinthu kutengera mfundo zawo zowira. Izi zimapangaphula la malashawaiwisi wofunikiramalayakwamankhalaMakampani. Kapangidwe kaphula la malashaimatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengeramtunduwamalashantchito ndi zochitika za njira ya mpweya, kukhumudwitsidwa pambuyo pakegwilitsa nchitondichinthuochokera pamenepo.

M'mbiri,phula la malashawopezekagwilitsa nchitom'malo osiyanasiyana. Asanayambe kupezeka kwa petrochemicals, inali yoyambachiyambiKwa ambiri organicmankhalaAmagwiritsa ntchito utoto, zophulika, ndi mankhwala. Ngakhale mankhwala ena apadera amikhalidwengatidotolo wassiaisisndichakumachikulu, kapena zosakaniza mudamboshampoos, mbiri yakalephula la malashaChifukwa cha odana ndi yotupa komanso yotsutsa. Komabe, woyambawogwira mu kampani gwilitsa nchitoMasiku ano pamakula pokonzanso zina, zachilengedwe, ndi mafuta ena apadera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa popewa, kuweta, zokutira, ndipangawakaboni pepaZogulitsa. Ulendo wamalashakuphula la malashaKodi kungelika kwa momwe njira zopangira mafakitale kungasinthe chida choyambirira m'makono.

3. Kuzindikira kufalikira kwa malawi: zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizitheka kukhala zapadera?

Phula la malashandizofunikirachinthukuchokera pakusintha kwina kwa zopanda pakephula la malasha. Pambuyo poyambirirachinthuwaphula la malashakuchokeramalashaCarbonation, imagwera disticle yocheperako. Panthawi imeneyi, tizigawo osiyanasiyana ofunda (monga mafuta owala, mafuta a carzalene, mafuta a Nafitalene, kutsuka mafuta, ndi mafuta a anthracene) amachotsedwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimatsalira pambuyo pa zomwe zimasiyidwa izi zasinthidwa ndiphula la malasha. Ndi otsalira kuchokera ku izidistillation ya phula la malasha. Izi zimapangaphula la malashawoyengeka bwino komanso wokhazikikamalayapoyerekeza ndiphula la malasha.

Kupatukana kwaphula la malashamabodza ake. Nthawi zambiri amakhala awakudakapena amdima wakudacholimbakutentha, ngakhale zitha kupangidwanso m'madzi amadzimadzi mosiyanasiyanakukweza. Makhalidwe ake ofunikira amaphatikizaponso kuthekera kwabwino kwambiri, kukana kwakukulumankhalaKuukira (acid, alkalis, ndi mchere), kutsatira kwambiri mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndi kutalikakaboni pepazomwe zili. Zinthu izi zimapangaphula la malashazothandiza kwambiri pazovutawogwira mu kampani karata yanchitos. Apangawaphula la malashaimatha kukhala yolumikizidwa kuti ikwaniritse mfundo zowopsa ndipokukwezaMapazi, kutengera zomwe akufunagwilitsa nchito.

Mwachitsanzo, kukwera kwakekaboni pepazomwe zimapangidwaphula la malashachomangira chokonda muchinthuwakaboni pepaMa electrodes a aluminium ndi mafakitale achitsulo (monga Søderberg ndikuyika maodia) ndi elekisi ya graphite. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga masitepe ofooketsa ndi ma shingles chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yopanda madzi, mongachokutilaKwa ma pipili kuti mupewe kututa, ndipo makamaka pautona wapadera. Gawo laphula la malasha, mongaKutentha kwapakatikati pa AsphaltkapenaPhula kutentha kwambiri, amalamula kuti azigwirizana ndi izigwilitsa nchitos. Kusintha Kuchokera kwa Misaphula la malashakutsukaphula la malashaamalimbikitsa kwambiri kufunika kwake komanso magawo apadera m'magulu apadera a mafakitale.

4.

Ayi,phula la malashandiphula la malashasizodabwitsa, ngakhale ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Choyambirirakusiyanamabodza pokonza ndipo zotsatira zake.Phula la malashandiye woyamba, wopanda pakemadzi akudaByroduct yopezeka mwachindunji kuchokera kwa mpweya wamalasha. Ndi osakaniza osakaniza okhala ndi zosasunthikamankhala pawirikizamamolekyulu olemera. Ganizirani izi ngati waiwisimalayazatsopano kuchokerawodziwa cokeuvuni.

Phula la malasha, kumbali inayo, ndi yoyenererachinthukuchokeraphula la malashakudzera distillation. Mudistillation ya phula la malasha, zidutswa zopepuka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mafuta ngati corsosote, mafuta a Nafitalene, etc.) amachotsedwa.Phula la malashandi zolemetsa zolemetsa, zosasunthika kumanzere. Izi zikutanthauzaphula la malashaimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zotsika kwambiri za okhazikika okhwimapawirikizas (vocs) poyerekeza ndi kusokoseraphula la malasha. Ndicholimbakapena semi-cholimba malayakutentha kwa firiji, pomwephula la malashandi madzi. Chofunikakusiyanaku boma komansomankhalaKupanga kumayambitsa kusiyanasiyanakarata yanchitos.

Agwilitsa nchitomilandu ikuwonetsa izikusiyana. Chodengophula la malashaZitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji m'mapulogalamu ena achikulire, oyengeka kapena, nthawi zambiri, amagwira ntchito ngati chakudya cha distillation.Phula la malasha, ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zapamwambakaboni pepaZokhumba, luso labwino kwambiri, komanso kuthilira madzi, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunikira kwambiriwogwira mu kampanimaudindo. Mwachitsanzo, achinthua ma carbon aludes a aluminium amasungunuka kwambiri pamakalasi ena aphula la malashangati binder. Simungagwiritse ntchito rawphula la malashaChifukwa cha izi, chifukwa kusasintha kwake kumapangitsa kuti mavuto azikhala ndi vuto pakuphika ndi kugwira ntchito. Mofananamo, magwiridwe apamwambaMalasha a bor phulaamapangidwira kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira mafakitale omwe kusasinthika ndi kuyera kwa phula ndi kofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pomwe onse akuchokeramalasha, phula la malashandizokonzedwa, wapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kwambirimalayaKupatula kholo lake,phula la malasha.

5. Asphalt Yosakulidwa: Kodi ndi phula, mafuta ochokera kunjira?

Ili ndi lingaliro lofala! Pomwe onse awiritalanditala(makamakaphula la malasha) ndiwakuda, chomatamalayasmsewu kumangandi kuthilira, ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zimayambira mosiyanasiyana. AtalaNthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopukutira masiku anoPetroleums, imadziwikanso ngati phula. Ndi chojambulapetulokuyeretsa. Pamenemafutaamasambitsidwa, tizigawo owala ngati mafuta, dizilo, ndi mafuta a ndege amachotsedwa. Zolemetsa, zotsalira zotsalira kumanzere ndiPetroleums.

Phula la malasha, monga takambirane, zimachokera ku mpweya wamalasha. Pamenephula la malashandipo zochokera zake zimakhala ngatiphula la malashaanali ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngatimsewuKuchulukitsa komanso ngati zigawo (ndipo akadali munthawi zinakarata yanchitoS kapena zigawo),Petroleumsyakhala ikuyendamalayaPadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo mtengo, kupezeka, ndi magwiridwe antchito ogwiritsira ntchito zamakonomsewumaukonde. AkusiyanamumankhalaZodzikongoletsera ndizofunikira:Petroleumsimakhala ndi a Aliphatic ndi ma hypocarbons, pomwephula la malashaali ndi ma hydrocarbons. IchikusiyanaZimakhudzanso katundu wawo, monga chiwopsezo chawo kutentha kutentha, zosungunulira, komanso fungo lawo.

Chifukwa chake, mukawona kuti oyang'anira amsewu, mwina amagwiritsa ntchitoPetroleums. Ndikofunikira kuti musaterogwilitsa nchitomawutalanditalamosiyanasiyana munkhani iyi, makamaka pazokambirana zaluso, chifukwa zimabweretsa kusamvanamalaya'schiyambindi katundu. Pomwe onse angatheika talaPamwamba ndikupangawakudandi kugonjetsedwa kwamadzi, machitidwe awo omwe ali pamsewu,kwamanga zachilengedwekuganizira zakukhudzikandi kuthamangitsidwa, komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi enamalayao. Mwachitsanzo,phula la malashazosindikizidwa zimadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiripetulo-Kuchotsa mafuta, malo osatchulidwa mu muyezoPetroleums. Kusankha pakati pawo kwa enakumangaPulojekiti nthawi zambiri imatengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita, malamulo am'deralo, ndi mtengo.

6. Udindo wa Petroleum: Mafuta amwano olumikizidwa bwanji ndi phula ndi zinthu zina?

Petulo, kapena kusokoseramafuta, ndikuchitika mwachilengedwe, chikasu-madzi akudaopezeka pansi pa nthaka, omwe amatsuka kuti apange mafuta ambiri ndipowogwira mu kampani chinthus. Kulumikizana kwaketalamwachindunji ndi ofunika: odziwika kwambirimtunduwatalantchito lero, makamakamsewukuyika, ndiPetroleums(phula), lomweochokeramolunjika kuchokera kutsuko kwapetulo. Panthawi yocheperakomafuta, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimalekanitsidwa kutengera malo awo otentha. Tizigawo opepuka ngati mafuta, palafene, ndi dizilo zimachotsedwa choyamba, kusiya zinthu zolemera.PetroleumsChigawo cholemera kwambiri, chowoneka bwino kwambiri, pansi-chotsalira cha mbiya.

Magawo aPetroleumspangani kukhala chomangirira abwino kwa okalamba (monga miyala ndi mchenga) kupangatalakonkriti, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu yambiri. Zachilengedwe zake zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zolimba koma zosinthika mokwanira kuthana ndi katundu wambiri ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. AchinthuwaPetroleumsimatha kulamulidwa kuti iperekenize magilesi osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zovuta komansokukweza, oyenera nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo zapamsewu. Izi zimapangapetulowotsutsachiyambi malayaza padziko lonse lapansikumangaMakampani.

KupitiliratalaMisewu,petulondichiyambizina zosawerengekawogwira mu kampani chinthus. Petulochemu, lochokerapetulondi mpweya wachilengedwe, amagwiritsidwa ntchitopangama pulasitiki, zopanga zopangidwa, matenthedwe, feteleza, ndi zina zambirimankhalas. Ngakhale mitundu ina yakaboni, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto ndi kutsiriza wothandizira m'matayala ndi mphira zinachinthus, zitha kupangidwa kuchokerapetulochakudya. Pomwe cholinga chathu chachikulu apa nthawi zambiriphula la malashaNdipo zochokera kwake, ndikofunikira kuzindikirapetulomonga wamkuluchiyambiwa hydrocarbons yomwe imakupangitsani dziko lathu ndikupereka zofunikamalayaS Pa Moyo Wamakono, kuphatikizapo UbiquitouswakudakuyatsamalayaTimayimbatala. Kukula kwakukulu kwapetuloKukonzanso kumatanthauza kutiPetroleumsnthawi zambiri imakhala yopezeka komanso yotsika mtengo kwa ntchito zazikuluzikulu.

7. Kuyerekeza Tikan: Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa phula la malasha, phula la phula, ndi mafuta a petroleum mu kugwiritsa ntchito ndi katundu?

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakatiphula la malashaZogulitsa,Petroleums, ndi zinapetulo-KuikamalayaS ndi yofunikira posankha kumanjachinthumwachindunjikarata yanchito. Pomwe nthawi zina amatha kuwonekerawofanana(mwachitsanzo,wakuda, MayCous), magwero awo,mankhalaNyimbo, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amasiyana kwambiri.Phula la malashandi mawonekedwe ake oyengeka,phula la malasha, zochokeramalasha, pomwePetroleums(phula) ndi zinapetuloZogulitsa ndiochokerakuchokera ku rodemafuta.

Phula la malashaZogulitsa zimakhala zolemera mu polycyclic avomac hydrocarbons (pahs), kuwapatsa kukana kwabwinomadzi, mafuta, mafuta, ndimankhalas. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera othandizira, zisindikizo zomwe zikuchitika m'malo mwake, komanso ngati omangakaboni pepaZogulitsa ngati electrodes (chifukwa chokwerakaboni pepaZotuluka). Komabe, kukhalapo kwaMapahsimatanthauzanso kusamalira mosamala ndipokwamanga zachilengedwekuganizira zakukhudzikandizofunikira.Phula la malashaZolinga zochokera kuzinthu zimakonda kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi UV kuposa zinapetuloasphalts.

PetroleumsKomabe, kumbali inayo, makamaka ndi kopangidwa ndi ma hyphrocarbons. Ndiwolamuliramalayawamsewukugwedeza chifukwa cha katundu wake wabwino wokhala ndi zovuta, kusinthasintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo waukulu. Pomwe limapereka chisamaliro chabwino, kukana kwakepetulo--sanathe ma sold nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika kuposaphula la malasha. EnapetuloZogulitsa, monga mafuta ndi mafuta, zimakhala ndi maunyolo (opepuka hydrocarbon) ndigwilitsa nchitos. Akusiyanamumankhala pawirikizamapangidwe amatsogolera ku mawu osiyanasiyana, ma viscosies, komanso oyenera osiyanasiyanawogwira mu kampaninjira. Mwachitsanzo,chinthuza zovala zapadera zitha kukonderaphula la malashachifukwa cha kukana kwapamwamba kwa mankhwala, pomwe zopindika zazikuluzikulu zimakhalapo nthawi zonsegwilitsa nchito Petroleums.

Nayi fanizo losavuta:

Tebulo ili likuwonetsa kuti kusankha kwamalayaimadalira kwambiri zofunikira zakarata yanchito, kuphatikizapo zosowa zaluso,kwamanga zachilengedwemalamulo, ndi mtengo. Monga fakitale, timakhala ndi mwayiphula la malashaZogulitsa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwinowogwira mu kampanimagawo.

8. Chifukwa chiyani kusintha ma boce-boot kuli malasha apamwamba ndi mafuta a petroleum kumayambitsa bizinesi yanu?

Kwa mabizinesi ngati omwe ali ndi Mark Thompson, omwe angagulephula la malashaZogulitsa (Mongaphula la phula) Ndipopetuloleum cokechifukwa choyambira ku aluminium smenters, mphero zachitsulo, kapenaKupanga MisewuMakampani, Kupanga Zabwino KwambirimalayaSizokonda chabe - ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ubwino waiwisi uwumalayaamasokoneza mwachindunji malekezero a chimalizirochinthus ndi luso lawogwira mu kampaninjira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu aluminium yosungunuka, kuyera ndi kusasinthika kwaphula la malashantchito ngati chomangirakaboni pepaAnyadi ndi wotsutsa. Zopanda pake kapena kusiyanasiyana mu mtundu wa phula zimatha kuyambitsa kuvuta, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndikuchepetsa aluminiyamuchinthuluso. Momwemonso, mtundu wapetuloleum coke(Makamakapetuloleum coke) Amakhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito ngatikaboni pepaRaiser mu steencem kapena ngati yaiwisimalayakwa anyadi.

Otsika kwambiriphula la malashakapenapetuloleum cokeimatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zosagwirizanakukwezakapena mofatsa muphula la malasha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta pokonza ndipochinthuzolakwika. Wapetuloleum coke, nkhani ngati zinthu zapamwamba za sulfur, zopindika kwambiri, kapena zosayenera zimatsata zitsulo zitha kukhudzagwilitsa nchitomu metallicalgical njira kapena zothandizirakwamanga zachilengedweZovuta Zakuthandizani. Monga wina muchinthuMbali, inenso, ine, Allen, ndaziwona ndekha momwe zimapangidwira muyeso wa ma mediyo kumatha kuwuma kudzera mu unyolo wonse wopanga. Takhala ndi mwayi waukulu mu 7chinthumizere kuti tiwonetsetse kuti titha kukonzaphula la malashabwino ndipo imapanga mawonekedwe osasinthika, apamwambaphula la malashandi zotumphukira zina.

Chovuta cha Markompon cha kuyendera kwabwino komanso kutsimikizika motero nzovomerezeka. Ophunzitsa odalirika ayenera kupereka chitsimikiziro chokwanira chokwanira, kuphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi (monga iso) komanso kufotokozera kwachinthukufotokozera. Chinyengo chachinyengo ndi nkhani yovuta, ndipo ogula amafunika okwatirana omwe adzipereka kukhulupirika. Kukhazikika Kwambiriphula la malashandipetuloleum cokeamachepetsakwamanga zachilengedwezoopsa zokhudzana ndi zodetsa ndipo zimatsimikizira kuti chomalizakarata yanchitoKukwaniritsa zofunikira zowongolera. Mapeto ake, mosasinthasintha kumatithandizanso kuchita magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsedwa mavuto ogwirira ntchito, komanso mbiri yamphamvu ya mabizinesi ngati Maliko omwe amapereka izimalayaS mpaka ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndi ndalama zodalirika komanso chikhumbo cha makasitomala.

9. Kuyenda pamsika: Ntchito zazikulu ndi momwe mungasankhire zogulitsa za malamu oyenera pazosowa zanu?

Msika waphula la malashaZogulitsa ndizosiyanasiyana, ndi ma grade osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanawogwira mu kampani karata yanchitos. Kusankha Ufuluchinthundikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse bwino magwiridwe antchito komanso mphamvu. Kiyikarata yanchitosphula la malashaZosatheka, makamakaphula la malasha, phatikizanigwilitsa nchitongati chomangira mupangawakaboni pepaAyodes a aluminium scrylang ndi graphite electrodes a conces arc magetsi. Wammwambamwambakaboni pepaZolemba bwino komanso mtengo wabwino kwambiri ndizofunikira pano. Chachikulugwilitsa nchitoali ndi zida zofowoka, komwe katundu wake wamadzi amafunika kwambiri.Phula la malashama enmels ndi zokutira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza mapaipi ndi magulu am'madzi kuchokera ku chimbudzi chifukwa chokana kwawomadzindimankhalas.

Mukamasankha aphula la malasha chinthu, ena angapo adzayamba kusewera. Malo ofunikira ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pamaenje, kudziwa kutentha komwemalayaKusintha kuchokera ku Brittlecholimbaku pulasitiki yambiri.KukwezaPa kutentha kwa mapulogalamu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndikusintha. Mwachitsanzo, aPhula kutentha kwambiri(Nthawi zambiri amangonena za phula lambiri lofalikira) limafunikira pogwiritsa ntchito zosewerera zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, pomwe aKutentha kwapakatikati pa Asphaltzitha kukhala zoyenera kwa zina zomangika kapena zokutira. Zomwe zili pazinthu zina ngati quinoline influbles (Qi), Toluene Insulubles (Ti), ndi beta-ma resins imathandiziranso magwiridwe antchito a Pitch monga bander.

Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito ngatimsewu kumangakapena kukonza, yapaderaphula la malasha-Kusindikiza kapenaAsphalt osinthidwaZogulitsa (zomwe nthawi zina zimakhalaphula la malashaKutengera kapena kuphatikizidwa) kungasankhidwe chifukwa cholimbana ndi kukana kwa mafuta. Monga mwini fakitale, ine, Allen, nthawi zonse amalangiza makasitomala ngati Maliko Thompson kuti afotokozere bwino mathero awo-gwilitsa nchitondi zofunikira kuchitapo kanthu. Izi zimatilola kuvomereza zoyenera kwambiriphula la malasha chinthu, kaya ndi kalasi kapena mtundu wa chizolowezi. Kumvetsetsa ma sheet a data ndikuwonetsetsachinthuKumakumana ndi miyezo yoyenera yopanga ndi kiyi. Nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala kuti titsimikizirephula la malasha chinthuAmasankha kuchokera pamtundu wathu, khalani akuwonekera, midadada, kapena yamadzimadzi, imagwirizana bwino ndi awochinthunjira ndi ziyembekezo zabwino. Ndi zofananira ndi zomwe zimachitikaphula la malashaku zofunikira zakarata yanchito.

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Kwa ogula apadziko lonse lapansi ngati Mark Thompson kuchokera ku USA, mpakaphula la malashaZogulitsa ndipetuloleum cokeKuchokera kumayiko otukuka ngati China kungapereke mitengo yampikisano. Komabe, zimabweranso ndi mavuto omwe zingatheke. Chifukwa chake, kulinganiza zinthu zina posankha wothandizira ndikofunikira kuti azichita bwino. Zovuta zazikulu za Marko - kuyendera bwino, kuvomerezedwa, komanso njira zolipira - ndizomwe wogula aliyense wozindikira ayenera kuyang'ana. Zowawa zake zopweteka, monga kulumikizana kosakwanira komanso kuchedwa kudetsa, kuwonetsa kufunika kwa zomwe munthu wina wodalirika.

Choyamba komanso choyambirira,chitsimikizo chadongosolondi chofunikira. Zodalirikafakitale ya malashaiyenera kukhala ndi njira zowongolera zowongolera m'malo mwake, kuchokera paphirimalaya (malasha) Kudya Kumalizachinthukutumiza. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyesa kokhazikika kwa magawo ofunikira (malo oyipa,kukweza, phulusa, qi, ti, etc.) ndikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse. Ogula ayenera kuyang'ana ogulitsa omwe amawonekera poyeserera njira zawo zoyesera komanso zofuna kupereka ma satifiketi a kusanthula (Coas) kuchokera ku zigawo zodziwika bwino, ma labs odziyimira pawokha ngati apempha. Monga fakitale yokhala ndi 7chinthumizere, ife pa zgfty tikumvetsa kufunikira kwa kusasinthika, ndipo timatsimikizira ifephula la malashandiphula la malashaZogulitsa zimakwaniritsa zokambirana. Zitsimikiziro zovomerezeka, monga Iso 9001 pa kasamalidwe kabwino komanso momwe mungathere ISO 14001 yakwamanga zachilengedweKuwongolera, ndi zisonyezo zabwino za odzipereka a wotsamira. Zomwe Marko adakumana nazo zachinyengo zina zinachake zimatsimikizira kufunika kotsimikizira zolemba zotere.

Zinthu ndi kulumikizana ndi magawo ena ovuta. Amakumana ndi omwe amanditumizira, kutumiza pafupipafupi ku USA, North America, Europe, ndi Australia, kumvetsetsa zovuta za kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi, kumvetsetsa za nthawi yanthawi yake. Momveka bwino, mwachangu, ndi kulankhulana moyenera, makamaka ndi oyimira malonda omwe amamvetsetsa bwino achinthuNdipo zosowa za wogula (ngakhale zitakhala zaukadaulo), zimatha kupewa kusamvana ndi kuchedwa. Poyankha zowawa za Marko pankhani yolankhula mosakwanira ndi kiyi; Wotsatsa ayenera kukhala wogwira ntchito komanso wosamala. Njira zosinthira ndi zotetezera zimathandizanso kuti pakhale ubale wodalirika. Pomaliza, ogula ngati Maliko ayenera kufunsa mgwirizano wautali ndi aFakitale yapamwamba kwambiri ya malawizomwe siziwonetsa mitengo yampikisano, komanso kudzipereka kosasunthika ku mtundu, kudalirika, ndi ntchito yamakasitomala, potengera zoopsa zokhudzana ndikukhudzikakuyika kusokonezeka kwa utumbo.

Makina Ofunika Kukumbukira:

• Talandi nthawi yonse;phula la malashamakamaka makamakamalashaCarbonation, wolemera ku zonunkhiramankhalas.
• Phula la malashandi chotsitsimula chochokeraphula la malashadistillation, nthawi zambiri acholimbandi okwerakaboni pepazomwe zili, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati binder komanso zodzitchinjiriza.
• Talantchitomsewukuyika kumalokoPetroleums(phula), zotsalira kuchokera ku romamafutakuyeretsa, kusiyanasiyana kosiyana ndiphula la malasha.
• PetulondichiyambiwaPetroleumsndi mafuta ena ambiri ndipowogwira mu kampani chinthus.
• Akusiyanas poyambira (malashavspetulo) zimabweretsa kusiyanamankhalaNyimbo, katundu, ndikarata yanchitos ya iziwakuda, maonekedwemalayas.
• Wawogwira mu kampaniimagwiritsa ntchito ngati mafuta osungunuka, zopangira, komanso zokutira zapadera, zomwe zimapangidwiraphula la malashandiphula la malasha(mwachitsanzo., okwerakaboni pepa, mankhalakukana) ndiyamikiridwa kwambiri.
• Kukhazikika Kwambiriphula la malashaZogulitsa ndipetuloleum cokePamafunika kusankha mosamala, kuyang'ana pa chitsimikizo chabwino, kutsimikizika kovomerezeka, malingaliro odalirika, malingaliro odalirika popewa zinthu monga Marko Thompson.
• Kumvetsetsa zovuta pakati pa awamalayaimathandiza pakupanga zisankho zanzeru zosiyanasiyanakumangandiwogwira mu kampani karata yanchitoS, ndikuonetsetsa ufuluchinthuimagwiritsidwa ntchito pacholinga choyenera.