Puas tau pom koj tus kheej puzzled los ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo likua nplaum dub, daim yas thee, Coal-Tar Suab, kev dub, thiabroj av? Koj tsis yog ib leeg! Tej noxim dub, viscouskhooms feem ntau tau hais hauv cov ntsiab lus xws litxoj kev kev tsa tsevrau ntau yamyam muaj hauj lwm daim ntawv thovs. Nkag siab txog lawv cov keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, cov khoom, thiabkev sivs yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb yog koj nyob hauv kev lag luam uas nyob ntawm lawv. Kab lus no yuav Demystify cov tshuaj no, piav qhia lawvqhov txawvs, thiab haslight vim li cas xaiv txoj caikhoomThiab tus xa khoom, zoo li peb nyob ntawm ZGFY, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj txoj kev vam meej. Peb mam tshawb nrhiav li castheeUa kom tiav yields muaj nqis los ntawm, yuav ua li casroj avUa si nws feem, thiab dab tsi koj, uas yog cov neeg yuav khoom zoo li Mark Toos Thompson, yuav tsum saib. Npaj txhij rau dhia sib sib zog nqus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tseem ceebyam muaj hauj lwm khooms!
1. TAR, thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm cov pob zeb tawg hauv keeb kwm thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg?
Lo lus "kua nplaum dub"yog ib qho dav dav, feem ntau siv los piav txog ib qho twgtuab, tsaus, viscousKua DubCov. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev paub zoo ntxiv,kua nplaum dubfeem ntau yog tsim los ntawm qhov distuctive distillation ntawm organickhooms. Qhov tshwj xeeblub hauv pausntawm cov organic nokhoomyog dab tsi ua rau peb sib txawv ntawmkua nplaum dubCov. Piv txwv li, ntookua nplaum dublos ntoo, thaum lubkua nplaum dubPeb nyiam tshaj plaws rauyam muaj hauj lwmlub hom phiaj,daim yas thee, keeb kwm los ntawmtheeCov. Tusqhov txawvhauvlub hauv pausua rau ib qho tseem ceebqhov txawvhauvtshuajmuaj pes tsawg leeg thiab, yog li ntawd, lawv cov peev xwm thiabkev sivs.
Daim yas theeyog tshwj xeeb yog brepododuct tau txais thaum lub sijhawm carbonancation ntawmtheelos tsimcoek(siv hauv steelmaking) lossisKev Siv RojCov. Tus txheej txheem no cuam tshuam cua sovtheerau qhov kub heev nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muajcuaCov. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis pub tawg tso tawm thaum lub cua sov no tau sau thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig los tsim qabdaim yas theeCov. Cov qoob loo nodaim yas theeyog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau puatshuaj sib xyawS, feem ntau muaj ntxhiab tsw qab hydrocarbons, phenols, thiab heterocyclic teb. Tsis zoo li lwm yamkua nplaum dubs,daim yas theeyog nplua nuj nyob hauv muaj txiaj ntsigtshuajs zoo libenzene, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, thiab anthracene, uas tuaj yeem muab rho tawm rau ntau yamdaim ntawv thovs.
Yog li, thaum "Tar" yog ib lo lus dav dav,daim yas theeyog ib qho tshwj xeebntausntawmkua nplaum dubnrog ib tug zoo-txhaislub hauv paus-theeCov. Lub complextshuajXwm ntawmdaim yas theeua rau nws muaj ntau yam ntxiv thiab kev lag luam tseem ceebkhoompiv rau generickua nplaum dubs delived los ntawm lwm cov chaw organic. Nkag siab txog lub hauv pausqhov txawvyog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev txaus siab rau nws ntau yamkev sivs. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawmdaim yas theeqia ncaj qha los ntawmtheeNws los ntawm thiab qhov kev ua kom sov siab nws undergoes.
2. Cov tar thee tau piav qhia: qhov muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav?
Daim yas theeyog tseeb ib tug muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawmtheeua, tshwj xeeb los ntawm covzus tau tej cokelossisKev Siv RojCov. Thaumtheeyog rhuab rau huab cua sov heev (feem ntau tshaj 900 ° C lossis 1650 ° F) hauv ib puag ncig pa oxygen - ib qho txheej txheem hu ua carbonization - nws tsis yog tsimcoekCov. Muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis zoo yog tsav tawm, uas, raws li txias, hws los tsim atuab, viscousKua Dub: CRUEdaim yas theeCov. Qhov no tsis yog nkim; Nws yog cov khoom muaj nqis trove ntawmtshuaj sib xyaws. Tuskev tsimntawmdaim yas theeyog intrinsically txuas rau cov hlau lag luam (uas xav taucoek) thiab keeb kwm lub nroog rojkev tsim.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawmdaim yas theelus dag nyob rau hauv nws cov nplua nuj thiab complex muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog cocktail ntau pua ntawm sib txawvtshuajs, feem ntau aromatic hydrocarbons nyiambenzene, toluene, naphthalene, naphtherene, anthracene, thiab Phenanghenene, thiab Phenols, thiab Nitrogen-muaj cov hauv paus zoo li Pyridine. Ntau ntawm cov neeg nosib xyawS tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm fortactional distillation, tus txheej txheem uas cais cov tshuaj raws lawv cov ntsiab lus npau npau. Qhov no ua raudaim yas theeIb qho kev txaj muag nyooskhoomRautshuajkev lag luam. Qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawmdaim yas theetuaj yeem sib txawv raws li tusntausntawmtheesiv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem roj carbonancation, cuam tshuam nws cov tom ntejkev sivThiab tuskhooms derived los ntawm nws.
Keeb Kwm,daim yas theepomkev sivnyob rau ntau yam kev siv. Ua ntej sawv ntawm petrochemicals, nws yog thawjlub hauv pausRau ntau yam organictshuajs siv hauv dyes, tawg, thiab kws tshuaj. Txawm tias ib co kev kho mob ntawm cov kev kho mob rauKev mob tawv nqaijnyiampororiasisthiabtej yam huv si, lossis cov khoom xyaw rau hauvdandrufftshuaj zawv plaub hau, keeb kwm muaj nyob hauv qabdaim yas theeVim nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab hluavtaws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws thawjyam muaj hauj lwm kev sivhnub no revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm nws cov kev ua ntxiv mus rau hauv suab, creeosote, thiab lwm cov roj uas xoom tshwj xeeb, paving, txheej, thiab covtsimntawmpa roj carbonCov khoom lag luam. Cov lus ntawmtheeraudaim yas theeYog ib qho ua tim khawv txog li cas cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tuaj yeem hloov kho ua ntej ua ntau cov txiaj ntsig.
3. Nkag siab cov thee mom: Dab tsi ua rau cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb?
Coal-Tar Suabyog ib qho tseem ceebkhoommuab tau los ntawm kev ua dua tshiab ntawm cov crudedaim yas theeCov. Tom qab thawj zaugkev tsimntawmdaim yas theentawmtheecarbonation, nws undergoes fortal distillation. Thaum lub sij hawm ua qauv no, ntau cov feem sib dua cov roj (xws li roj teeb, cov roj carbolic, roj ntxuav, thiab roj txawm tawm ntawm cov kub. Dab tsi tseem nyob tom qab cov khoom siv tsis sib xws tau distilled tawm yogCoal-Tar SuabCov. Nws yog qhov seem los ntawm qhov nodistillation ntawm thee tarCov. Qhov no ua rauCoal-Tar Suabib qho kev ua kom zoo dua thiab muaj zogkhoomPiv rau cov nyoosdaim yas thee.
Qhov tsis sib xws ntawmCoal-Tar Suablus dag nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom. Nws yog feem ntau axim dublossis tsaus-xim av amorphouskhov khonyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, txawm hais tias nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov kua tov nrog sib txawvviscosityCov. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb muaj xws li muaj peev xwm waterproofing zoo, muaj zog tivtshuajnres (acids, alkalis, thiab ntsev), muaj zog adhesion rau ntau qhov chaw, thiab lub siabpa roj carboncov ntsiab lus. Cov Khoom Siv No UaCoal-Tar Suabtshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam ntawm kev xav tauyam muaj hauj lwm daim ntawv thovs. TustsimntawmCoal-Tar Suabtuaj yeem ua kom tiav kom ua tiav cov ntsiab lus soquening thiabviscosityCov qib, nyob ntawm seb nws npaj siabkev siv.
Piv txwv li, nws siabpa roj carbonCov ntsiab lus uaCoal-Tar Suabib qho kev nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauvkev tsimntawmpa roj carbonCov hluav taws xob rau cov txhuas thiab steel Industries (zoo li søderberg thiab prebaked anodes) thiab graphite electrodes. Nws kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev vov thiab cov ntug dej vim nws cov dej tsis muaj dej, raws li adaim plhaubRau cov raj xa khoom kom tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab hauv qee cov xim xim tshwj xeeb. Qeb tshwj xeeb ntawmCoal-Tar Suab, xws liNruab nrab kub urhalt blocklossisXav kub ayphalt, dictates nws cov haum rau cov sib txawvkev sivs. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm crudedaim yas theeTxhawm rau ua kom zooCoal-Tar SuabTseem txhim kho nws tus nqi thiab kev siv tau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb muaj cov sectors.
4. Tsom taws rau ntawm qhov sib txawv: thee tar vs. thee-tar pitch - lawv puas tau hloov dua siab tshiab?
Tsis yog,daim yas theethiabCoal-Tar SuabYog twv yuav raug hu tsis sib pauv tau, txawm hais tias lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam. Tus thawjqhov txawvlus dag hauv lawv cov theem ua tiav thiab ua kom muaj pes tsawg.Daim yas theeyog thawj zaug, crudeKua DubBropododuct tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm cov pa roj carbonationtheeCov. Nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov dav dav ntawm qhov tsis sib xwstshuaj sib xyaws thiab hnyav dua molecules. Xav tias nws yog qhov nyooskhoomtshiab los ntawm lubcoekncu.
Coal-Tar Suab, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov ua kom zoo nkaujkhoommuab tau los ntawmdaim yas theelos ntawm distillation. Thaum lub sijhawmdistillation ntawm thee tar, sib dua, feem ntau cov roj uas tsis tshua muaj roj (roj zoo li CREOSOTE, Naphhalene roj, thiab lwm yam) raug muab tshem tawm.Coal-Tar Suabyog tus hnyav, tsis yog-volatile residue tshuav. Qhov no txhais tau tiasCoal-Tar Suabmuaj ntau cov kev xav tau ntau dua ntawm cov nyom, high-molecular-phaus ntxhiab tsw qab hydrocarbons thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus qis dua ntawm cov organicsib xyaws (vocs) piv rau cov nyoosdaim yas theeCov. Nws feem ntau yog akhov kholossis ib nrabkhov kho khoomnyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, whereas crudedaim yas theeyog kua. Qhov tseem ceebqhov txawvnyob rau hauv lub xeev lub xeev thiabtshuajpleev ua rau lawv txawvdaim ntawv thovs.
Tuskev sivCov xwm txheej meej meej txog qhov noqhov txawvCov. Nyoosdaim yas theeTej zaum yuav tau siv ncaj qha rau hauv qee cov laus dua, tsawg dua cov ntawv thov lossis, feem ntau, ua haujlwm raws li cov pub rau distillation.Coal-Tar Suab, nrog nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb zoo li siabpa roj carbonCov ntsiab lus, kev ua tiav zoo heev, thiab waterproofing, yog engineered rau kev xav tau ntau duayam muaj hauj lwmluag haujlwm. Piv txwv li, tuskev tsimntawm carbon anodes rau txhuas smelting ntau rau cov qhab nia tshwj xeebCoal-Tar Suabraws li phau ntawv. Koj yuav tsis siv cov nqaij nyoosdaim yas theeRau qhov no, raws li nws cov volatiles yuav ua teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm ci thiab ua haujlwm. Ib yam li ntawd, kev ua tau zooCour tar lub taub hau flakesyog tsim los rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev tuav thiab cov txheej txheem muaj kev muaj qhov uas muaj xwm yeem thiab muaj kev coj dawb huv ntawm lub suab. Yog li, thaum ob qho tib si no los ntawmthee, Coal-Tar Suabyog cov txheej txheem ntau, tshwj xeeb, thiab feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau duakhoomdua li nws niam nws txiv,daim yas thee.
5. Asphalt uncovered: yog nws tar, puproleum-raws li, lossis lwm yam rau kev paving?
Qhov no yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis meej pem! Thaum ob qho tib sikev dubthiabkua nplaum dub(tshwj xeebdaim yas thee) yogxim dub, nplaum nplaumkhooms siv nyob rau hauvtxoj kev kev tsa tsevThiab paving, lawv yog qhov txawv thiab muaj cov keeb kwm sib txawv. Tuskev dubfeem ntau siv rau kev paving txoj kev niaj hnub no yogRoj av roj hmab liphalt, tseem hu ua bitumen. Nws yog bropproduct ntawmroj avRefining. Thaum cruderojyog distilled, cov feem sib dua ntawm cov roj av zoo li roj av, diesel, thiab cov roj hnyav tau raug tshem tawm. Hnyav, davcous nyob rau sab laug hauv qab yogRoj av roj hmab liphalt.
Daim yas thee, raws li peb tau sib tham, los ntawm cov pa roj carbonizationtheeCov. Thaumdaim yas theethiab nws cov derivatives zoo liCoal-Tar Suabtau keeb kwm siv rautxoj kevSurfacing thiab raws li cov xov xwm (thiab tseem muaj qee yam tshwj xeebdaim ntawv thovs lossis thaj chaw),Roj av roj hmab liphalttau dhau los ua cov paving tseem ceebkhoomthoob plaws ntiaj teb rau ntau yam, suav nrog tus nqi, muaj, thiab kev ua tau zoo tus yam ntxwv ua kom haum rau niaj hnubtxoj kevTes hauj lwm. Tusqhov txawvhauv lawvtshuajPleev yog qhov tseem ceeb:Roj av roj hmab liphaltmuaj feem ntau ntawm aliphatic thiab naphthenic hydrocarbons, whereasdaim yas theeyog nplua nuj nyob hauv cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Noqhov txawvcuam tshuam rau lawv cov khoom, xws li lawv cov kev ua tau ntxim siab rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, feem ntau yog feem ntau.
Yog li, thaum koj pom ib tug neeg pab pawg paving atxoj kev, lawv feem ntau yuav sivRoj av roj hmab liphaltCov. Nws tseem ceeb tsis yogkev sivCov luskua nplaum dubthiabkev dubsib pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib tham txog kev kawm, raws li nws ua rau tsis to taub txog qhovkhoomslub hauv pausthiab cov khoom. Thaum ob qho tib silees xi meesib qho chaw thiab ua rau nwsxim dubthiab dej-resistant, lawv kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv tsheb,ib puag ncigXav Txog Hais Txognphavthiab dej ntws tawm, thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm tuskhooms txawv. Piv txwv li,daim yas theeCov xov xwm tau paub rau lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rauroj av-Bered Fuels thiab cov kuab tshuaj, ib qho chaw tsis raws li cov qauvRoj av roj hmab liphaltCov. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lawv rau ib qho tshwj xeebkev tsa tsevQhov project feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo, hauv zos thiab tus nqi.
6. Petroleum lub luag haujlwm: Yuav ua li cas cov roj crude txuas nrog asphalt thiab lwm cov khoom lag luam muaj?
Roj av, lossis cruderoj, yog ib qho tshwm sim ib txwm muaj, dajKua Dubpom nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb no, uas tuaj yeem ua kom zoo hloov kho cov roj loj ntawm cov roj thiabyam muaj hauj lwm khooms. Nws txuas raukev dubyog ncaj qha thiab siv nyiaj: feem ntauntausntawmkev dubsiv hnub no, tshwj xeeb rautxoj kevpaving, yogRoj av roj hmab liphalt(bitumen), uas yogrov losncaj qha los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawmroj avCov. Thaum lub sij hawm fractional distillation ntawm cruderoj, Cheebtsam tau sib cais raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus npau npau. Cov feem ntau dua cov roj av xws li roj av, cog qoob loo, thiab cov tuag tuag tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej, tawm hauv qab cov khoom loj.Roj av roj hmab liphaltyog qhov hnyav tshaj, feem ntau cov vosous feem, hauv qab-ntawm-thoob cov neeg nyob.
Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawmRoj av roj hmab liphaltUa nws lub cim zoo tagnrho rau kev sib xyaw ua ke (zoo li pob zeb thiab xuab zeb) los tsimkev dubPob zeb ua, cov khoom siv rau txoj kev pua uas feem ntau. Nws qhov veptoelastic xwm tso cai rau nws kom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov tsis tau txaus los tiv thaiv cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab ntsuas kub. Tuskev tsimntawmRoj av roj hmab liphalttuaj yeem tswj tau kom tau cov qhab nia sib txawv nrog sib txawv thiabviscosity, haum rau cov huab cua sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej tsheb. Qhov no ua rauroj avib qho tseem ceeblub hauv paus khoomRau lub ntiaj tebkev tsa tsevkev lag luam.
Dhaukev dubrau txoj kev,roj avyog tuslub hauv pausntawm suav tsis txheebyam muaj hauj lwm khooms. Petrochemicals, muab tau los ntawmroj avthiab nkev, yog siv rautsimplastics, hluavtaws rubbers, cov kuab tshuaj, chiv, thiab lwm yamtshuajs. Txawm tias qee homCarbon Dub, siv los ua cov xim xim thiab txhawb tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov log tsheb thiab lwm cov roj hmabkhooms, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawmroj avPub. Thaum peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm no feem ntau nyob raudaim yas theethiab nws cov derivatives, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub txogroj avRaws li lwm qhov lojlub hauv pausntawm hydrocarbons uas siv peb lub ntiaj teb thiab muab qhov tseem ceebkhoomS rau lub neej niaj hnub, suav nrog Ubiquitousxim dubsamwmkhoomPeb hukev dubCov. Lub Sij Hawm Loj ntawmroj avRefining txhais tau tiasRoj av roj hmab liphaltyog feem ntau dav muaj thiab raug nqi rau cov phiaj xwm kev paving loj.
7.
Nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawmdaim yas theeCov khoom lag luam,Roj av roj hmab liphalt, thiab lwm yamroj av-DENTLYUBkhooms yog qhov tseem ceeb rau xaiv txoj caikhoomrau ib qho tshwj xeebdaim ntawv thovCov. Thaum lawv qee zaum tshwm simzoo ib yam(piv txwv li,xim dub, viscous), lawv lub hauv paus,tshuajKev suav, thiab cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo sib txawv.Daim yas theethiab nws daim ntawv kho tshiab,Coal-Tar Suab, pib los ntawmthee, thaumRoj av roj hmab liphalt(bitumen) thiab lwm yamroj avCov khoom yogrov loslos ntawm cruderoj.
Daim yas theecov khoom muaj kev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), muab rau lawv ua tau zoo heev rauywg dej, roj, roj, thiabtshuajs. Qhov no ua rau lawv haum rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cov tes ntim rau hauv kev xav tau ib puag ncig, thiab raws li binders hauvpa roj carboncov khoom lag luam zoo li electrodes (vim yog siabpa roj carbonpaib). Txawm li cas los xij, lub xub ntiag ntawmPahskuj txhais tau tias ceev faj tuav thiabib puag ncigXav Txog Hais Txognphavyog qhov tsim nyog.Daim yas theeraws cov ntaub ntawv zoo li yuav tiv taus UV txo qis dua ib coroj avAsmalts.
Roj av roj hmab liphalt, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog tsim ntawm aliphatic thiab naphthenic hydrocarbons. Nws yog tus yam ntxwvkhoomrautxoj kevPaving vim nws cov khoom siv khi zoo nrog cov khoom siv nrog cov yuam kev, hloov tau yooj yim, thiab tus nqi-ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub ntsuas loj. Thaum nws muab cov dej ua kom zoo, nws txoj kev tiv tausroj av-Zaj no cov kuab tshuaj yog feem ntau qis dua li ntawmdaim yas theeCov. Lwmroj avcov khoom lag luam, xws li cov roj thiab cov roj nplua nyeem, muaj cov khoom sib txawv tag (sib txawv hydocarbon chains) thiabkev sivs. Tusqhov txawvhauvtshuaj sib xyawPleev ua rau muaj kev sib tw txawv, viscosities, thiab haum rau ntau yamyam muaj hauj lwmcov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, tuskev tsimntawm qee qhov tshwj xeeb txheej txheem yuav haumdaim yas theeRau nws cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws, thaum cov nplai loj-teev yuav luag txhua lub sijhawmkev siv Roj av roj hmab liphalt.
Ntawm no yog txoj kev sib piv yooj yim:
| Yam zoo | Coural Tar / Thee-Tar Suab | Petroleum Asphalt (Bitumen) | Lwm cov khoom siv roj av (piv txwv li, roj) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lub hauv paus | Thee(Pa Carbonation Byproduct) | Roj av(crude roj refining residue) | Roj av(kho kom zoo nkauj) |
| Lub ntsiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) | Aliphatic & naphthenic hydrocarbons | Lub teeb hydrocarbons (alkanes, thiab lwm yam) |
| Thawj siv | Cov phau ntawv qiv hluav taws xob, cov tsho tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, cov tshuaj pleev pob zeb, vov tsev, tshwj xeebAsphalt Khoom | Txoj kevpaving, vov tsev, waterproofing | Fuels, roj nplua nyeem, cov kuab tshuaj, uas muaj huab cua |
| Hnyav tiv thaiv | Feem ntau (tshwj xeeb yog cov roj av yaj) | Nruab nrab rau qis | Sib txawv (ntau yog cov kuab tshuaj lawv tus kheej) |
| UV Kuj | Zoo rau kev zoo heev | Ncaj ncees rau qhov zoo (tuaj yeem txhim kho nrog cov quav ntxiv) | Feem ntau (tsis yog rau lub ntev) |
| Cov ntsiab lus carbon | Siab (tshwj xeeb hauvCoal-Tar Suab) | Tswj kav | Sib txawv (qis dua suab lossis asphalt) |
| Kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig | Pahsyuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib, muaj peev xwm rautus neegkev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog lub caij nyoognphav. | Voc emissions thaum thov, kev txhawj xeeb haus dej. | Combusction opissions, nchuav. |
Cov lus hais no hais tias qhov kev xaiv ntawmkhoomyog heev nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm covdaim ntawv thov, suav nrog cov kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo,ib puag ncigcov cai, thiab tus nqi. Ua lub Hoobkas, peb ua tshwj xeeb hauvdaim yas theecov khoom lag luam thiab nkag siab txog nuances uas ua rau lawv zoo rau qee yamyam muaj hauj lwm.
8. Vim li cas yog sourcing zoo-zoo thee thiab roj av coke tseem ceeb rau koj txoj kev lag luam?
Rau cov lag luam zoo li cov uas tau ua los ntawm Markaumoos, uas yuav yuav khoomdaim yas theeCov khoom lag luam (zoo liCour tar pitch) thiabRoj av cokerau resale rau aluminium smelters, hlau mills, lossisTxoj Kev SivTuam Txhab, Sourcing Zoo-ZookhoomTsis yog qhov kev xaiv nyiam - nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij nyoos nokhooms ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kawgkhooms thiab ua haujlwm ntawm covyam muaj hauj lwmcov txheej txheem lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv. Piv txwv li, hauv aluminium smelting, lub purity thiab sib xws ntawmCoal-Tar Suabsiv los ua binder raupa roj carbonAnodes yog qhov tseem ceeb. Impurities lossis kev hloov pauv hauv lub suab ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ua rau anode swb, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, thiab txo qis aluminiumkev tsimefficiency. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj ntawmRoj av coke(tshwj xeeb tshaj yog themRoj av coke) cuam tshuam nws cov kev ua tau zoo li apa roj carbonraiser hauv steelmaking lossis raws li lub ntsej muag nyooskhoomrau anodes.
Tsis zoo-zoodaim yas theelossisRoj av coketuaj yeem qhia tus tswv cuab ntawm teeb meem. Cov no yuav suav nrog tsis sib xwsviscositylos yog softening cov ntsiab lus hauvCoal-Tar Suab, coj rau kev nyuaj rau kev ua thiabkhoomtsis xws luag. RauRoj av coke, cov teeb meem zoo li cov ntsiab lus uas siab heev, ntau yam tsis muaj neeg muaj teeb meem, lossis cov kab hlau uas tsis xav tau yuav cuam tshuam nwskev sivhauv cov txheej txheem metallurgical lossis ua rauib puag ncigKev ua raws cai cov nyom. Raws li ib tug neeg nyob hauvkev tsimSab, zoo li kuv tus kheej, allen, Kuv tau pom firsthand yuav ua li cas variations hauv pub zaub mov muaj peev xwm hloov tau los ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau. Peb tau nqis peev ntau hauv peb 7kev tsimKab kom ntseeg tau tias peb tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem Rawdaim yas theeua tau zoo thiab tsim cov xwm txheej zoo nkauj, muaj txiaj ntsig zooCoal-Tar Suabthiab lwm yam derivatives.
MarkSon Qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tshuaj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj ntawv pov thawj yog li siv tau. Cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha yuav tsum muaj kev paub tseeb zoo, suav nrog kev ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (zoo li ISO) thiab pob tshab qhia ntawmkhoomCov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Faib yog qhov teeb meem loj, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom xav tau cov neeg koom tes uas tau cog lus rau kev ntseeg siab. Sourcing Zoo-Zoodaim yas theethiabRoj av cokekuj minimizesib puag ncigkev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog impurities thiab kom ntseeg tau tias zaum kawgdaim ntawv thovKev ua raws li cov kev cai tswjfwm. Thaum kawg, zoo ua tau zoo ua rau muaj teeb meem zoo dua, txo lub koob npe nrov rau cov lag luam zoo li Mark's cov khoom tseem ceeb nokhooms mus xaus-cov neeg siv. Nws yog kev nqis peev hauv kev cia siab thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab.
Kev ua lag luam raudaim yas theecov khoom lag luam muaj ntau haiv neeg, nrog cov qhab nia sib txawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua kom nruj rau qhov tshwj xeebyam muaj hauj lwm daim ntawv thovs. Xaiv txoj caikhoomyog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau kev ua tau zoo thiab raug nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo. Tus yawm sijdaim ntawv thovs raudaim yas theederivatives, tshwj xeebCoal-Tar Suab, suav nrog nwskev sivRaws li phau ntawv nyob hauvtsimntawmpa roj carbonAnodes rau aluminium smelting thiab graphite cov khoom siv rau hluav taws xob arc hauv cov hlau tawg. Nws siabpa roj carbonCov ntsiab lus thiab zoo nkauj Coking tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Lwm qhov lojkev sivyog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, qhov chaw nws cov khoom waterproofing yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.Daim yas theeenamels thiab txheej txheej tseem siv los tiv thaiv lub raj xa dej thiab cov tub rog ua tub rog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion vim lawv zoo tshaj rau lawvywg dejthiabtshuajs.
Thaum xaiv adaim yas thee khoom, ntau yam los ua si. Qhov yuav tsum tau softening point yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau pitches, txiav txim siab qhov kub uas tuskhoomKev hloov pauv los ntawm nkigkhov khomus rau lub xeev yas ntxiv.ViscosityNtawm daim ntawv thov kub kuj tseem ceeb rau kev tuav thiab ua. Piv txwv li, aXav kub ayphalt(feem ntau xa mus rau siab softening point pitch) yog xav tau rau cov ntawv thov nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav, thaum aNruab nrab kub urhalt blocktej zaum yuav haum rau lwm txoj kev khi lossis txheej txheej. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cheebtsam tshwj xeeb xws li quinoline insolles (qi), doluene instoligles (ti), thiab beta-resins kuj cuam tshuam rau lub suab kev ua tau zoo li phau ntawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov ntawv thov nyiamtxoj kev kev tsa tsevlossis kho, tshwj xeebdaim yas thee-Txoj kev foob lossisHloov asphaltkhoom (uas tuaj yeem qee zaumdaim yas theeRaws li lossis sib xyaw) tej zaum yuav raug xaiv rau lawv cov durabiled durability thiab tiv taus roj nchuav roj. Ua ib tus tswv tsev lub Hoobkas, I, Allen, ib txwm qhia cov neeg siv khoom zoo li Markson kom meej meej txhais txog lawv qhov kawg-kev sivthiab kev ua tau zoo. Qhov no tso cai rau peb pom zoo kom haumdaim yas thee khoom, Seb nws yog tus qauv qib lossis kev ua haujlwm kev cai. Nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua kom covkhoomsib ntsib cov qauv kev lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Peb feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv khoom kom paub meej tusdaim yas thee khoomlawv xaiv los ntawm peb ntau, yog nws liab, thaiv, lossis kua, txig sib thooj nrog lawvkev tsimcov txheej txheem thiab kev cia siab zoo. Nws yog hais txog txuam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawmdaim yas theerau cov kev xav tau ntawm covdaim ntawv thov.
10. Nrhiav cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha hauv Suav Teb: Dab tsi yuav tsum tau yuav cov cim zais Thompson ua ntej?
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb zoo li Marks.ompson los ntawm Asmeskas, sourcingdaim yas theeCov khoom lag luam thiabRoj av cokeLos ntawm kev tsim cov teb chaws zoo li Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem muab nqi sib tw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem los nrog tej yam muaj peev xwm sib tw. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej qee qhov xwm txheej thaum xaiv ib tus neeg xa khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj kev vam meej. Kos cov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb - kev soj ntsuam zoo, ntawv pov thawj, cov qauv kev thauj mus los, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tsom rau. Nws cov ntsiab lus mob, xws li kev sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom xa tuaj qeeb, txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm qhov kev xav tau tus khub tiag tiag.
Thawj thiab foremost,Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Zooyog paramount. Ib tug ntseeg tauCourt Tar Hoobkasyuav tsum muaj cov tshuab tswj kev ua tau zoo hauv qhov chaw, los ntawm nyooskhoom (thee) Siv sijhawm kawgkhoomxa tawm. Qhov no suav nrog kev ntsuas ib txwm muaj rau cov tsis tseem ceeb (softening taw tes,viscosity, cov ntsiab lus tshauv, qi, ti, thiab lwm yam) thiab kev ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum saib rau cov neeg muab khoom uas muaj pob tshab txog lawv cov txheej txheem kuaj thiab txaus siab los ntawm kev tsom xam, labs yog tias xav tau. Raws li lub Hoobkas nrog 7kev tsimkab, peb nyob ntawm zgfty nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xws, thiab peb ua kom pebdaim yas theethiabCoal-Tar SuabCov khoom tau ua raws txoj kev nruj me nyuam. Cov ntawv pov thawj siv tau, xws li ISO 9001 rau kev tswj hwm zoo thiab muaj peev xwm yog ISO 14001 rauib puag ncigKev tswj hwm, yog qhov ntsuas zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kev cog lus. Mark qhov kev paub nrog cov ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb dag ntxias tsis tau qhov yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv no.
Logistics thiab kev sib txuas lus yog lwm thaj chaw tseem ceeb. Cov kev paub xa khoom zoo li peb, kev xa khoom tsis tu ncua mus rau Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tebchaws Asmeskas, nkag siab txog kev nyuaj ntawm cov kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab ua kom tiav cov khoom xa tuaj. Ntshiab, sai sai, thiab kev sib txuas lus zoo, nyiam dua nrog cov neeg sawv cev muag uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawmkhoomThiab tus yuav cov kev xav tau (txawm tias lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nkag siab), tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsis to taub thiab qeeb. Daws Malakaus qhov mob taw tes txog qhov kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog qhov tseem ceeb; Tus neeg xa khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog thiab teb. Kev hloov pauv tau thiab cov kev them nyiaj ruaj ntseg tseem ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo. Thaum kawg, cov neeg yuav khoom zoo li Mark yuav tsum nrhiav kev sib koom tes ntev nrog aZoo Tshaj Plaws Thuam Tar Suab Hoobkas thiab Tsumuas tsis yog tsuas yog tus nqi sib tw, tab sis kuj tseem tseem tseem tsis muaj kev cog lus rau kev ua tau zoo, kev pab cuam, thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, yog li cov neeg siv phom sij nrognphavTxhawm rau muab cov saw hlau cuam tshuam.
Tseem ceeb takaways kom nco ntsoov:
- Kua nplaum dubyog ib lo lus dav dav;daim yas theeyog tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm bypododucttheecarbonancation, nplua nuj hauv cov ntxhiabtshuajs.
- Coal-Tar Suabyog cov khoom seem los ntawmdaim yas theedistillation, feem ntau akhov khonrog siabpa roj carbonCov ntsiab lus, siv ua phau ntawv thiab rau kev tiv thaiv dej.
- Kev dubsiv nyob rau hauvtxoj kevpaving yog feem ntauRoj av roj hmab liphalt(bitumen), ib qho seem ntawm cruderojRefining, Tshuaj sib txawv ntawmdaim yas thee.
- Roj avyog tuslub hauv pausntawmRoj av roj hmab liphaltthiab ntau lwm cov roj thiabyam muaj hauj lwm khooms.
- Tusqhov txawvs hauv keeb kwm (theevs.roj av) ua rau txawvtshuajsuav, khoom, thiabdaim ntawv thovs Rau cov noxim dub, viscouskhooms.
- Rauyam muaj hauj lwmsiv zoo li txhuas smelting, steelmaking, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawmdaim yas theethiabCoal-Tar Suab(piv txwv li, siabpa roj carbon, tshuajKuj) yog muaj nuj nqis heev.
- Sourcing Zoo-Zoodaim yas theeCov khoom lag luam thiabRoj av cokeYuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom xa tawm, tsom mus rau qhov kev lees paub zoo, thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo, thiab kev sib txuas lus kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem zoo li cov neeg yuav khoom xws li Markson.
- Nkag siab txog nuances ntawm nokhoomS pab kom paub txiav txim siab rau ntau yamkev tsa tsevthiabyam muaj hauj lwm daim ntawv thovs, ua kom txoj caikhoomyog siv rau lub hom phiaj zoo.
Lub Sijhawm Post: 05-19-2025
