ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka Coal Tear pitch: kahi alakaʻi piha i kēiaʻano mea kūʻai pilikino

Coal tack pitch, he ubiquitous, he mea kuhi hewa pinepineʻole, he cornerstone o nāʻoihana hou. ʻO kēiaʻeleʻele,ʻo Viscous mea, he boot o ka hoʻoili kālā, e pāʻani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i nā mea a Alminum e hana ana i nā huahana camonting kiʻekiʻe. Ināʻoe e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana no nāʻoihana e like me Aluminim, Steel, a iʻole ke kiʻi Electrode Electrode Projectcoal tar pitch-ʻO kāna mau mea waiwai, nā noi, nā noi, a me nā mea hana - a me ka hanaʻole - he mea nui no ka hoʻoholoʻana i nā hoʻoholo i'ōleloʻia. Ua hohonu kēiaʻatikala i loko o ka honua ocoal tar pitch, eʻimi ana i kona huakaʻi mai nā mea e pono ai i ka mea i makemakeʻiaKahahanaʻO ka mea, e wehewehe ana i ke kumu e koho ai i ka'ākauMea Kānāwainā mea nui, a me ka'ōleloʻana i nā manaʻo nui e like me ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana. E like me ka mea hana me kaʻike koʻikoʻiPitchhuahana.

1 He nānā iʻikeʻia

Coal tar pitchnui loakoenawaihoʻia ma hope o kaFamilyo ke koho balota. ʻO ka COAP e mālama ana iā ia iho he mānoanoa, ua loaʻa ka waiʻeleʻele e like mena-huahanai ka wā i hāpaiʻia ai ka coal i ka halaʻole o ka ea, kahi kaʻina i kapaʻiaʻo Carbontarization, mua loa i ka wāhana hewanocokei laNo ka kilaʻOihana Kahuna. ^. E noʻonoʻo e like me kēia:ʻo ke koho balota i loaʻa i kahiʻano paʻakikī o ka waiwai nuiKekaunā pūpū. I ka wā e mālama pono ai mākou a hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau'āpana (likenaphthalene, PaNonOL, aanthосceneaila), ka mea kaumaha, nā mea kaumaha, nā mea waiwai i koe ma ka hopenacoal tar pitch.

ʻO kēia hopena kēiaPitchhe semi-solid e paʻa i kaʻeleʻelewaiwaiI ka wela o ka lumi, e lilo ana i mānoanoa,Viscouswai i ka wa i kona ai. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei kona kūlana kino i ke mahana a me nā kiko'īKumuo kaPitch. ^. ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i kahiʻano paʻakikī o ka polycyclic aputicsclical artdrocarbons (pahs) Ka pololeiKa Hoʻolālāhiki ke loli ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kumu a me ke kaʻina hana i hoʻohanaʻia,ʻo ia ke kumu o ka mana kūpono mai kaMea Kānāwaihe mea nui. I kēia kumuhana, pinepine pinepine i kapaʻia e like mePitch, e hana i ke kua i hope no nā koʻikoʻi he nuiKahahanakaʻina hana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kēia wehewehe kumu ka hana mua.Pitchʻaʻole ia he waiwai maʻalahi; ʻO kahi mea i hoʻoponopono maikaʻiʻia me nā waiwai kiko'ī i hoʻopiliʻia no nā noi noi. ʻo iahanaʻia mai ka loleʻO ka hoʻoiliʻana a he mea nui ka mea nui,ʻaʻole i pau. ʻO kona hoʻopaʻaʻana i keʻano a me nā mea waiwai a ka carbon-waiwai

2. Pehea e hoʻolālāʻia ai nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe? ʻO ke ala huakaʻi

ʻO ka huakaʻi mai Raw Caly Cal i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻecoal tar pitchpili i kahi kaʻina meticlous i kapaʻiaʻo ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana. Ke hoʻokaʻawale nei kēia kaʻina hana i nāʻano likeʻole o nā cetal couth calda ma luna o kā lākou mau'āpana likeʻole. ʻO ka mua,ʻo ka pā o ka couda ma keʻano he nui i hāpaiʻia ma nā mau hōkū nui. E'ānai ana ka mahana, nā aila kaila e like me ka ailaʻaila, kala i ke aila uila (loaʻaPaNonOL),naphthaleneka aila, a holoi i ka'alāʻauʻili a hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma nā'āpana likeʻole.

ʻO ka mea e noho ana ma hope o kēia mau'ōkuhi māmā i laweʻiaʻo ia kaPitch. ^. Ka nui o kaFamilye hoʻoholo i nā waiwai o ka hopenaPitch, kūikawāPūnaewele Toftening- ka mahana e hoʻomaka ai e hōʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana hōʻike kūikawā. Ma ka paleʻana i ka wela o ka wela a me ka lōʻihi o keʻano o keʻano, e like me ka mea hana e like me mākou e hana i nā helu likeʻolecoal tar pitchhanaʻia i nā pono hana maʻamauʻO ka hapalua kiʻekiʻepale.

Ka mana kūpono i kēia manawahana hewake kaʻina hana. Ke kaulike neiHoʻohui, kaohiʻana o keʻano, a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā hana he mea pono e hōʻoia i ka hopenacoal tar pitchE hui i nā kiko'ī i koiʻia no nā waiwai e like mePūnaewele Toftening, ka waiwai o ka waiwai, quinoline insolubles (qi), infuene insolubles (ti), alehuʻike. E hōʻoia kēia i kaPitchhana kūpono e like me kakaulikea iʻole ka hoʻopiʻiʻana ma kāna noi hope loa. Pono ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa i nā loea loea nui a me nā mea hana e hāʻawi ai i kahi kūlikePitchhuahana.

3. He aha ka hana nui i ka pali nui i kaʻoihana? Nā waiwai koʻikoʻi

Ka waiwai ocoal tar pitchnā kumu mai kāna hui kūʻokoʻa o ke kino aKekauwaiwai. ʻO ka mea mua,ʻo kāna hana maikaʻi maikaʻi loa he mea nui loa. I ka wā i hoʻomehanaʻia,Pitchnā softens a me nā kahe, ka luhi a me ka paleʻana i nā mea'ē aʻe e like mePetroleum Cokea iʻole anthracite. Ma ke kūleʻa a iʻoleHoʻohui(carbionization), ke hana nei ia i kahi ikaika ikaikaKālekaʻAʻIMatrix, e hoʻopili pū ana i kēia mau makahiki. Hana kēia iā ia i kahiʻokoʻakaulikei kahana hewanoKālekaʻAʻIAniani,Nā uila uila, aredractorymea waiwai.

He lua,coal tar pitchhe kiʻekiʻeKālekaʻAʻInāʻike a me nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia keʻano i ka wā e hoʻomo i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ka halaʻole o ka ea, e hāʻawi ana i kahi nui o ka paʻaKālekaʻAʻI (pitch coke), ke hāʻawi nei i keʻano a me keʻano o ka huahana hope loa, e like meNā uila uilaHoʻohanaʻia ma ka Pūnaewele ElectricKōlea. ^. Ua hāʻawiʻia i kāna hana aromatic i ka hoʻokumuʻana omookiI ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana o keʻano kiʻekiʻe (kiʻi).

ʻO nā mea nui'ē aʻe e hoʻokomo i konaʻano thermoplasticHoʻohui, ke kū nei i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana), maʻalahi loalehunā manaʻopāpalenā noi. Nā kiko'īKumunoPitche kuhikuhi i nā waiwai e like mePūnaewele Toftening, Viscosity, a me ka waiwai waiwai, eʻae i nā mea hoʻohana e koho i ka mea kūpono loaʻano o ka pitchno kā lākou kaʻina. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻiʻolecoal tar pitchhe mea koʻikoʻi nui ma nāʻoihana likeʻole.

4.ʻO wai ka hana nui e hilinaʻi nui ana i ka pitch patch? Uaʻimiʻia nā noi nui

Coal tar pitchhe mea hana mea hana ʻO kona mau noiʻana keʻano o nā mea i makemake ai i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa e like me kakaulike, impregnant, a me ke kumu oKālekaʻAʻI. ^. Eia kekahi mau wahi nui i heaHoʻohanaʻiaʻo Pitch:

• Kamana AlminumʻOihana:ʻO kēia ka mea hoʻokūkū nui loa i ka mea kūʻai nui loa ocoal tar pitch. ^. E lawelawe ia e like me ka muakaulikeno kaPetroleum Cokea kipi i nā mea kanu i loko o kahana hewao nā avades carbon i hoʻohanaʻia ma ke kaʻina hana héoid noUa'ālunuʻo Alminim. ^. Ka maikaʻi o kaPitchnā hopena kūpono kūpono i ka hana aaluminumhana pono.
• Kaʻaila kila: Coal tar pitchhoʻohanaʻia ma ka hana oredractoryʻO nā bricks a me nā monolithic retracties no ka lining kiʻekiʻeKōlea, me ka nui o nā furnaces a me nā mea uilaKōlea. ^. Kona hiki ke hana i kahi ikaikaKālekaʻAʻIHāʻawi ka paʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i nā pale maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka slag a me ke komoʻana o ka mea hao. Hoʻohanaʻia ia ma nāʻaoʻao o Tapolale.
• Ka hana uila uila:ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻecoal tar pitch (Pākaukau koho koho) He mea nui no ka hanaʻanaNā uila uila, e hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka hui uilaKōlea(Eafs) no ka mea hoʻokele a me nā mea'ē aʻemetallirgicalkaʻina hana. Hana ia e like me kakaulikeNo kacokei lanā'āpana a me kahi mea e koiʻia e hoʻonui i ka nui e hoʻonui ai i ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka pahuuila. ^. Ka noi noNā uila uilanā manaʻo pololeiPitchkaʻaiʻana.
• Nā pāpale a me nā kaʻa:Ma muli o kāna mau wai wai maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai piliʻole.Pitchhoʻohanaʻia ma ka paleNā pāpaleNo nā paila Nortline, Tanks, a me nā kahua o Marine. ʻO ia kahi mea i manaʻoʻia ma ka hale o ka paleʻana a me nā'āpana i nā mea kanu, e hāʻawi ana i ka durability a me keʻano o ka wā.ʻO nā coal tack pitch flakese hoʻolako pinepineʻia no kēia mau noi.
• Nā huahana nā kīʻaha. Pitchlawelawe e like me ka mea aʻo no ka mea kūikawāKālekaʻAʻIʻO nā huahana e likePalapala Kahuā Molarpona, i hana i ka carbon (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i kēia manawa), a me ka carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon-Carbon. Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma kaNā hoʻokumukaʻoihana ma keʻano he'āpana o nā'āpana a me nā moldNā pāpale.

ʻO keʻano o nāʻano hana a me nāʻano hana ocoal tar pitchhana ia he koʻikoʻiKahahanamea waiwai me ka nui o nā noi.

5. No ke aha e huki ai i ka pale i kohoʻia no ka alumini smewing ades?

I ka muaaluminumʻoihana, ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻealuminumhilinaʻi ma ka electrolysis o Alumina (aluminal oxide) i hoʻopauʻia i loko o ka cryolite cryolite. Pono kēia kaʻina hanaKālekaʻAʻIʻO nā Aodes, i hoʻopauʻia i ka wā o ka hopena.Coal tar pitchʻo ka mea i makemakeʻiakaulikeNo ka hanaʻana i kēia mau amedes,ʻoi aku ka nui no nā kumuʻeluaKālekaʻAʻIhua.

'ŌleloPitchPono e hoʻopau maikaʻi i ka heluʻanaPetroleum CokeAggregate, hoʻopiha i nā leo ma waena o nā pākeke, a hāʻawi i ka ikaika "Green" I ka wā o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'Auleʻa(kahi hui o ka coke aPitch) ua kālaiʻia ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (a puni 1100-1200 ° C), kacoal tar pitchKe kikowaenakalaiwa manuahi. ^. E hōʻoleʻia a me nā hoʻololi i loko o kahi hana ikaikaKālekaʻAʻIMatrix (pitch coke) e hoʻopaʻa i kacokei lahui pū pū kekahi. ʻO kēia kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka mea i loaʻa i ke kiʻi i koiʻiahuakai, ka ikaika, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i nā mea uila e pono ai no ke kaʻina koi.

Eia kekahi, ke kiko'īkinohinocoal tar pitch,ʻoi loa i kāna hana koʻikoʻi nui loa, hāʻawi i ka paleʻana o keʻano a me ka hopena me ka ea a me ka CO2 ma ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hana e like ai. ʻOiai uaʻikeʻia nā mea koho backers,ʻaʻohe mea i hanaʻia i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana holoʻokoʻa o kacoal tar pitchI ka nuialuminumhua. Ka maikaʻi o kaKānehe mea nui no ka hanaʻana i ka hanaʻana, hoʻoikaikaʻana i ka ikaika o ka ikehu a me ka ikaika holoʻokoʻa o kaUa'ālunuʻo Alminimhana.

6

Coal tar pitchPāʻani i kahi mea koʻikoʻi, Albeitaluminum. ^. ʻO kāna hana mua maʻaneʻi e pili ana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma keʻano kiʻekiʻe, i lokoredractorynā mea hoʻohana i hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā furnaces a me nā moku e komo i ka sterelmaking a me nā mea'ē aʻemetralurgykaʻina hana. I ka wā i kāwiliʻia me ka restictory aggreates e like me ka magnesia a iʻole nā ​​kiʻi a Alumina-kiʻi,Pitchhana ma keʻano he manawa pōkolekaulikeI ka wā e hana ai a me kahi kumu o ke koenaKālekaʻAʻIma hope o ka puhiʻana.

I ka wā oHoʻohuia iʻole ke kaʻina hana o kēia mau hōʻano hou, kacoal tar pitchliulaunama kahi. ^. Ka hopenaKālekaʻAʻIHoʻonui kaʻoihana i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka pale o ka pale. Hoʻopau ia i ka palupalu e Molten Slag a me nā mea hao, paleʻana i ke komoʻana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lining Life. Hoʻonui houʻiaʻo ia i ka paleʻana i keʻano o ke aniani a hāʻawi i nāʻano hana kūpono i nā mahana nui, a me nā mea kūʻai uila maʻamauKōlea(Eafs). Hoʻopiliʻia i nā bricks refctory i hoʻopauʻia mePitchoeua hoʻohana pūʻiae hoʻopihaPotiwalea hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ke kū'ēʻana i ka hoʻouka kauaʻana.

Mawaho e recracties,Pitchi kekahi manawa i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā papa lāʻau ma Tapolale,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai e hoʻopili i ka tapoule o kahi blasthuhu. ^. 'ŌleloPitchHāʻawi i nā mea momona a kōkua i ka hanaʻana i kahi pale, ikaika ikaika e hiki ai ke hoʻomau i nā kūlana harsh. Ke koho o ka ponopapa papahe mea nui, ke kaulike nei i ka pono no ka hana pono i ka wā o ka noi me ka koi no ke koena kiʻekiʻeKālekaʻAʻIa me ka hana ma nā wela.

7

Nā uila uilanā mea kūʻai nui i nā mea uilaKōlea(EAFS), e hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka mea kila kila kila a me ka mea kila kila kūikawā. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau cylindrical nui e hoʻoikaika i nā nui o nālako uilai kēia manawa e hoʻoheheʻe ai i nā mea hao.Coal tar pitchhe mea waiwai koʻikoʻi i kā lākouhana hewa, e lawelawe ana i nā kumu nuiʻelua: e like mekaulikea me he mea lā i hoʻohālikelikeʻia.

I ke kūlana mua, ponocokei la(kahiʻano kūikawā o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻePetroleum Coke) hui pūʻia mePalapala Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai, ka mea e hana ai e like me kakaulike. ^. ʻO kēia hui pūʻia a iʻole a neʻeʻia i loko o ka makemakeuilaʻano (he'ōmaʻomaʻouila). Ka'ōmaʻomaʻouilaa laila i kālaiʻia i nā mahana ma kahi o 800-1000 ° C. I ka wā o ka palaoa, kaKāneCarbonlies, e hana ana i kahi paʻaKālekaʻAʻImatrix e paʻa ana i ka ponocokei lanā pā'ālua pū kekahi, e hana ana i kahi i kālaiʻiaKākala uila.

Eia nō naʻe, ua pāʻiaKālekaʻAʻIAia nō kekahi mau koenaPotiwale. ^. E hoʻokō i ka kiʻekiʻehuakai, ka ikaika, a me ke kumu kūʻai uila e pono ai no ka hana eefuilai lalo o hoʻokahi a iʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻacoal tar pitch. ^. 'ŌleloPitchkomo i nā pres, a me kauilaa laila e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e kāpīpī i ka hoʻopiliʻanaPitch. ^. Hoʻonui nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka nui o ka hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. I ka hope, ua nānāʻia ka electrode i ka nui loamahana kiʻekiʻe(2500-3000 ° C), e hoʻohuli ana i ka amorporusKālekaʻAʻImai ka coke a me kaPitchi kahi i kauoha nuiʻiamookiʻano. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka pākuhiʻeluaPitcha me ka hopenaPitchis is paramount no ka hanaʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻeNā uila uila. ^. Me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka'ākauʻO ke Aliʻi kūpeʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe(pitch) ke kī.

8. Aia paha nāʻano likeʻole a me nā helu o ka pitch patch i loaʻa?

ʻAe,coal tar pitchʻaʻole kahi huahana-nui-kūpono-āpau. Ua hanaʻia ma nā helu likeʻole, e like me kā lākouPūnaewele Toftening, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻawale a me keʻano o ke kauʻana i ka molecular Nā papa inoa maʻamau e hoʻohui:

• ʻO ka pākaukau palaoa / haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa:Loaʻa i kēia mau kāleka nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ma lalo o 80 ° C). ʻOi aku lākou i nā wai haʻahaʻa ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻohanaʻia paha i nā noi e like me nāʻano o nā salani a iʻole kahi e pono ai keʻano kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi waena:ʻO kēia kahi māhele maʻamau, pinepine pinepine me nā helu hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka nui o ka heluʻana ma kahi o 80 ° C i 115 ° C (metler). ʻO kēiaKumuE hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kaulike ma waena o nā waiwai a me ka hana hana.ʻO keʻano asphalt asphalt blockheʻano maʻamau no kēiaʻano, hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like mekaulikeiKālekaʻAʻIanomer form form for theʻOihana AnumumʻOihana.
• ʻO ka pitch pitch / kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe:Loaʻa kēia mau kālā i nā helu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (pinepine ma luna o 115 ° C, i kekahi manawaʻoi aku ma kahi o 150 ° C). Hana lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe aʻecokei laHoʻohanaʻiaʻo YIELD a hoʻohanaʻia i nā noi e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻaʻana, e like me kekahiredractorynā noi, kūikawāmookinā huahana, a i kekahi manawa e like me keʻanoPitchno kaNā uila uila.
• Hoʻololi i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.I kekahi manawa,coal tar pitchua hoʻololiʻia ma o nā kaʻina e like me ke aniani o ka ea o ka eapetroleumnā derivatives, polymers) e hoʻokō i nā waiwai kiko'ī.Hoʻololiʻia asphalta iʻole e hāʻawi paha i ka pitch i hoʻonuiʻia e hoʻonuiʻia ai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wela o ka mahana, a iʻole keʻano rheological i hoʻololiʻia no nā noi kūikawā e like me ka hana kiʻekiʻeNā pāpalea iʻole nā ​​mea hana pepa. Hoʻokomoʻia nā hiʻohiʻonahoʻololiʻia asphaltHoʻolālā no ke alanui kūikawā a iʻole ka hoʻohanaʻana o kaʻoihana.

Ke koho opapa papahilinaʻi nui ma ka noi i manaʻoʻia a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana pono. Me heMea Kānāwai, hana pū mākou me nā mea kūʻai aku e like me Mark Thompson e hōʻoia ai e loaʻa iā lākou ka pololeiKumuaʻano o ka pitchpono no kā lākou hana hana hana, inā paha noalumini a me ke kiʻinā huahana a iʻole nā ​​hoʻohana'ē aʻe. Consistency i loko o kēlā me kēiaKumuke kī no nā hopena hana kūpono.

9 ʻO ke alakaʻi a ka mea kūʻai

No nā poʻe limahana limahana e like me Mark Thompson, Solcingcoal tar pitchmai nā mea lawelawe honua, mai nā'āina e like me China, pono e makaʻala. E loaʻa ana i kahi hilinaʻiMea Kānāwaihele aku ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū; E pili ana i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka maikaʻi maoli, a me nā mea e pili ana a me ke kamaʻilio transparent. Eia nā kumu nui e noʻonoʻo ai:

• ʻO ka maikaʻi kūpono a me ka hoʻokele:He Paramount kēia. E noi i nā mea kūʻai mai e pili ana i ko lākou mau kaʻina mana kūpono. Ke ho'āʻo nei lākou i kēlā me kēia batch? Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā palapala hōʻoia o ka loiloi (COA) e hoʻohālikelike i nā kiko'ī noPūnaewele Toftening, Qi, ti,lehuNāʻike, ka waiwai waiwai, etc.? Nā mea kūponoʻole e like me kā mākou i hana ai i nā labs i hoʻolaʻaʻia a me ka piliʻana i nā hōʻike hōʻike e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā protomcols (e.g., state mau kūlana). E lilo i wary of nā mea hoʻolako e makemakeʻole e kaʻana like i nāʻikepili kiko'ī a iʻole nā ​​hopena e like me nā hopena i waena o nā pā. Ke noi nei i nā hiʻohiʻona no ka hōʻike kūʻokoʻa ma mua o ke kauʻana i nā kauoha nui he hana koʻikoʻi.
• ʻO kaʻike loea a me ke kākoʻo:ʻOiai e ikaika ana ka hōʻailona ma ke kūʻai aku, loaʻaMea Kānāwaime kaʻikeʻoleʻia kaʻike loea. Hiki iā lākou ke kūkākūkā i nāʻano likeʻolePitchnā waiwai e pili ana i kāu kaʻina? Hiki iā lākou ke aʻo i ka kūponoKumu? Hiki i kahi mea hoʻolako naʻauao ke lilo i hoa,ʻaʻole wale he mea kūʻai aku. ʻO kā mākou hui, no ka manawa, no ka mea, nā makahiki o nā makahiki o ka hana hana e kōkua ai i nā mea kūʻai aku.
• Ka hopena hana a me ka hilinaʻi:Na kaMea Kānāwailawa ka lawa e hoʻokō ai i kāu mau koi nui e pono ai? He aha kā lākou kiʻi kiʻi no ka laweʻana i ka manawa o ka manawa? ʻO nā mea lawe aku i kahi hōʻeha nui loa, he hōʻeha nui loa ia,ʻo ka hanaʻana i ka hana. E nānā no nā mea hana paʻa me nā laina hana he nui (e like me kā mākou 7 mau laina) e hōʻike ana i ka paʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā kauoha nui. E noi no nā'ōlelo aʻo a iʻole nā ​​noi hihia.
• Nā hōʻoia a me ka hoʻokōʻana:E hōʻoia i kaMea Kānāwaiadheres e pili ana i nā kūlana kūpono kūpono (e like me iso 9001 no ka hoʻokele maikaʻi, iso 14001 no ka hoʻokele kino). E nīnau ana e pili ana i ko lākou hoʻokō me nā hoʻoponopono palekana a me nā pae kūlohelohe. Ke noi nei i nā kope o nā palapala hōʻoia, akā e makaʻala i ka hiki ke loaʻa no ka hoʻopunipuni no ka hoʻopunipuni - Cross-hōʻoia inā hiki. E hōʻike ana i kahi hana a me ka hanaʻoihana.
• Kamaʻilio kūkākūkā a me ke kalaʻole:ʻO ke kamaʻilio maikaʻi, he mea nui loa ia,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa a me nā'ōlelo a me nā'ōlelo. Ke pane aku nei ka hui kūʻai? Hāʻawi lākou i nāʻikeʻike e pili ana i nā hana hana e pili ana i nā papa hana, nā kiko'ī moku, a me nā pilikia kūpono? Kūkuluʻia ke kamaʻilio transparent e kōkua i ka hilinaʻi a kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i nā manaʻolana, e pale ana i nā pīhoihoi e pili ana i nā loiloi a iʻole nā'ōlelo uku.
• Logistics a me nā kāpili:E kūkākūkā i nā koho koho E wehewehe i nā hua'ōlelo hoʻouna (incteroms) a hōʻoia i kaMea Kānāwaiua loaʻa iāʻoe ka laweʻana i kāu'āina (USA, Europe, etc.). ʻO nā mea hana loiloi loiloi he koʻikoʻi no ka laweʻana i ka manawa manawa.
• ʻO ke kumukūʻai vs. waiwai:ʻOiai he mea nui nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū,ʻo ke koho kohoʻoleʻaʻole maikaʻi loa. Ka mea i loko o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, hilinaʻi, a me nā uku kūpono o nā pilikia hana i hoʻokumuʻia e ka poʻePitch. ^. ʻO ka pahuhopu no ka waiwai nui loa, ke kumukūʻai kaulike me ka hilinaʻinā hāʻawi.

E loaʻa ana i ka'ākauCoal tat sar pitchkoi pono i ka ikaika. E kipa aku ana i kaʻoihana, e hele ana i nā hōʻikeʻoihana (kahi i hui pinepine ai mākou i nā mea kūʻai aku)

10.ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana a me ka hoʻokeleʻana i ka hana hana hana i ke kumukūʻaiʻo Coal Tear i loko o ka wahi hana

E hana ana mecoal tar pitchpono e nānā i ka palekana ma muli o ka hikihōʻike hōʻikeicoal tack pitch collat(Ctpvs), e komo pū me nā hydrocarbons ardrocarbons (pahs).Hōʻoiaʻiʻohiki ke hikiinhalationo nā fumes a lepo paha,Hoʻokaʻaʻikeʻo Deralme kaPitchiho, a iʻole ka palena (liʻiliʻi maʻamau, maʻamau maʻamau ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ke aloha maikaʻi). He mea nui no ka hoʻohanaʻana o nāʻoihanaPitche hoʻokō i nā ana palekana palekana.

Ka hōʻikeʻana i ke koho balotanā mea likePitchhiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena olakino olakino. PōkoleHōʻoiaʻiʻoe kiʻekiʻekūlikeHiki i nā pae o nā CTPVs ke kumuʻO ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana i ka huhū, nā poʻo, nā meaʻeha, a me ka meaʻala. Ka lōʻihi a iʻole hoʻiHoʻokaʻaʻikeʻo Deralhiki i ke alakaʻi i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kaʻili i ka lā), folliculitis, acne, a me nā mea'ē aʻenā kūlanaʻili. ^. Wā lōʻihiinhalation Hōʻoiaʻiʻoua pili me nā ulu lāʻau nui o kekahi mauʻeke,ʻo kaʻili, he kumu lapaʻau e like me ka USHōʻoiaʻiʻopalena (mau pels) no ctpvs i kahuakai.

HoʻokauūHōʻoiaʻiʻopili i kahi hierarchy o nā mana:

• Nā mea hoʻohālikelike:Nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ana, e hoʻohana ana i nā'ōnaehana maʻamau o ka hale kūʻai ma ka laweʻana i nā pahu (e.g., a me ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka hoʻohuiʻana,huhuNā hana)
• Nā Kūlana Kūlana:Ke hoʻopau nei i nā hana hana manawa e hoʻohana ai i ke kiʻekiʻe-Hōʻoiaʻiʻonā wahi, e hoʻokō ana i nā kaʻina hana hana pono, e hāʻawi ana i nā wahi i hoʻolaʻaʻia no kaʻaiʻana i nā mea hana hana, a me ka hana maʻamau i ka hana ctpvkūlikenā pae.
• Nā Mea Hana Mea Hana Kūʻai (ppe):ʻO kēia ka laina hope loa o ka paleʻana a me nā mea hoʻoponopono kūpono kūpono (i kohoʻia ma lunaHōʻoiaʻiʻonā pae), nā lima kūlohelohe pale, nā centrall, a me nā pale maka. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpono ma ka ppe hoʻohana a me ka mālama ponoʻana.
• Hygiene:Ka manaʻoʻana i ka holoi holoi lima maʻamau aʻauʻau ma hope o nā loli he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi koenaPitchmai kaʻili.

Oiaicoal tar pitchhe waiwai nuiKahahanaʻO nā mea, kuleana e mālama pono a hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā protocols palekana e pono ai e ho'ēmi i nā pilikia e pili anahōʻike hōʻike. ^. Hiki i nā mea kūʻai aku ke hāʻawi aku i nā pepa palekana palekanaPitchhuahana. Ka ho'ēmiʻanaHōʻoiaʻiʻoMālama i ke olakino hana a e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoponopono regulatory.

ʻO nā hale kī ma luna o ka pitch tal

E hoʻopili i kā mākouʻimicoal tar pitchEia, eia nā wahi pono e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• Mua: Coal tar pitcho kokoenamai KA MEAFamilyo ka coal coal tal, aNaluo ka coal koloka.
• Mea Pono:ʻO kāna waiwai nui e waiho ana i kāna hikiʻana i keʻano kūpono a me ke kiʻekiʻeKālekaʻAʻIhāʻawi ma lunaHoʻohui (pitch cokehana).
• Hoʻohana nui:He koʻikoʻi iakaulikeno kaKālekaʻAʻIanide iUa'ālunuʻo Alminim, pono i lokoKiʻi Kūlana Kūʻai, hoʻohanaʻia i kaʻoihana kilareducties, a loaʻa i ka mea kūikawāNā pāpalea me nā koa.
• Nā māka: Pitchhiki mai i nā helu likeʻole (palupalu, medium, paʻakikī, hoʻololiʻia) e pili anaPūnaewele Toftening, i hanaʻia no nāʻokoʻaKahahanaWahi a makemakeʻO nā poloka asphalt astium.
• Nā koho kūʻai:Ke kohoʻana i kahi hilinaʻiMea Kānāwaipili i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka maikaʻi, ke kākoʻo loea, ka hana hana, nā hōʻoia, nā hōʻoia. E nānā i ka waiwai holoʻokoʻa,ʻaʻole ke kumukūʻai.
• HELE: Hōʻike hōʻikeicoal tack pitch collat(Ctpvs / pahs) pono i ka hoʻokele mālama pono ma o nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā hana hoʻoikaika maikaʻi, kūpono i ke ola olakino e like menā kūlanaʻiliOoleʻO ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana i ka huhū.

Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ocoal tar pitchnāʻoihana waiwai i nāʻoihana e pili ana i nāʻoihana e pono ai, e hoʻopiʻi i kā lākou kaʻina hana, a hōʻoia i ka mālama palekanaʻana o kēiaʻanokemika. ^. E like me kahi mea hana hoʻolaʻa, ua kūpaʻa mākou e hāʻawi i ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻePitchʻO nā huahana a ke kākoʻo nei i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku.