Tar, kwalba, kwalban kwalban, kwalta, da man fetur - menene bambanci don buƙatunku da masana'antu?

Har abada sami kanka rikicewa da sharuɗɗan kamarkwalta, kwal, Cin-s Filation, kwalta, daman fetur? Ba kai bane! Waɗannanbaƙi, viscousabus akalla aka ambata a cikin hanyoyin shiga dagahanya shiriga daban-dabanm roƙos. Fahimtar asalinsu, kaddarorin, kumayi amfanis yana da mahimmanci, musamman idan kun kasance a cikin masana'antar da ke dogara dasu. Wannan talifin zai lalata waɗannan abubuwan, bayyana subambancis, kuma a nuna me yasa zabar damaabin sarrafawaMai siyar da kaya, kamar mu a cikin ZGFTY, yana da muhimmanci ga nasarar ku. Zamu bincika yaddakwalGudanar da samar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa, ta yayaman feturYi wasa da sashi, da kuma abin da kai, a matsayin mai siye mai siye kamar Mark Thompson, yakamata ya nema. Shirya don nutsar da zurfin cikin duniyar waɗannan mahimmancim abus!

1. Menene Tar, kuma ta yaya ya bambanta da binciken kwal a asali da kuma abun da ake saiti?

Ajalin "kwalta"Babban abu ne, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don bayyana wanim, duhu, viscousruwa mai duhu. Amma a cikin ƙarin fasaha hankali,kwaltayawanci ana samar da shi da distillation mai lalacewaabus. Musammanmafarina wannan Organicabushine abin da ya ba mu nau'ikan daban-daban nakwalta. Misali, itacekwaltaya fito daga itace, yayin da UbangijikwaltaMuna da sha'awar donmdalilai,kwal, ya samo asali dagakwal. Dabambanciamafariyana haifar da mahimmancinbambanciana kemistriAbun ciki kuma, saboda haka, da, su kadarorinsu dayi amfanis.

Kwalyana musamman da ta hanyar da aka samu yayin carbonization nakwaldon samarwacoke(amfani da karfe) kogas gas. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi dumamakwalZuwa yanayin zafi sosai a cikin babuiska. An tattara mahadi na volatile yayin wannan dumama kuma an tattara shi da aminci don samar da ɗanyekwal. Wannan danyenkwalshine cakuda cakuda daruruwanna kemistri mahalliS, m g heromic hydrocarbons, phenols, da heterocyclics. Sabanin wasukwaltas,kwalyana da wadatar arzikina kemistris kamarbenzene, Toluene, Xyles, Xyles, naphthalene, da othraceane, wanda za a iya fitar da su don daban-dabanroƙos.

Don haka, yayin da "Tar" magana ce ta gaba daya,kwalmusamman neirinakwaltatare da ingantaccen abin da aka ayyanamafari-kwal. Da hadaddunna kemistriyanayinkwalya sa ya fi dacewa da ƙari kuma mai mahimmanciabuidan aka kwatanta da GenerickwaltaS ansiced daga wasu hanyoyin kwayoyin. Fahimtar wannan muhimmiyarbambancishine mataki na farko a cikin godiya ta girma kewayonyi amfanis. Na musamman kaddarorin nakwalkara kai tsaye dagakwalYa fito ne daga da kuma babban-zazzabi yana aiki da shi.

2.

Kwalhakika mai mahimmanci ne mai mahimmancikwalaiki, musamman dagasamar da Cokekogas gas. Yaushekwalyana zuwa matsanancin yanayin zafi (sau da yawa wuce 900 ° C ko 1650 ° F) a cikin muhallin oxygen-dillar - tsari da aka sani da carbonization ko cock - ba kawai ya samar kawai bacoke. An kori wani adadin maras muhimmanci da maras muhimmanci da aka kora, wanda, akan sanyaya, yarda don samar da am, viscousruwa mai duhu: danyekwal. Wannan ba kawai bata bane; Yana da wadataccen tashena kemistri mahallis. Dasarrafa kayanakwalyana da alaƙa da masana'antar ƙarfe (wanda ke buƙatarcoke) da gas na tarihisarrafa kaya.

Mahimmancinkwalya ta'allaka ne a cikin wadataccen abun da ke cikin sa. Cikkara ce na ɗaruruwan ɗarina kemistris, da farko hydrocarbons kamarbenzene, Xyles, Naftalene, assrirgane, da Pyanthrene, da kuma phenanthrene, da kuma phenols, cresols, da kuma tsinkaye-dauke da nitrenols kamar pyridine. Yawancin waɗannan mutanemahalliS Za a iya fitar da salla ta hanyar gyarawa, tsari wanda ke raba abubuwa dangane da tafiyawar su. Wannan yana sakwalwani mahimmancin rawabuGana kemistrimasana'antu. Ainihin abun ciki nakwalna iya bambanta dangane dairinakwalamfani da yanayin aiwatar da carbonization, tasiri da ya biyo bayayi amfanidaabin sarrafawas an samu daga gare shi.

Tarihi,kwalsamuyi amfania cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri. Kafin tashin man fetur, ya zama babbamafariDon yawancin kwayoyinna kemistriS amfani cikin Dyes, abubuwan fashewa, da magunguna. Ko da wasu jiyya na maganaYanayin fatakamarciwonsoriasisdaeczema, ko sinadaran a cikiDandruffshamfu, tarihi ya ƙunshi mai ladabikwalsaboda maganin anti-mai kumburi da kaddarorin rigakafi. Koyaya, na farkom yi amfaniA yau suna fuskantar ƙarin aiki zuwa fagen ciki, creosote, da sauran mai musamman mai, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin rufin, pevingings, da siminti, da kumasarrafanaainihin gawayisamfura. Tafiya takwalzuwakwalTambaya ce ta yadda tafiyar masana'antu na iya canza kyakkyawan tsari a cikin abubuwan da yawa masu mahimmanci.

3. Fahimtar akwatin dakin kwalba: Me ya sa wannan kayan da aka sabunta?

Cin-s Filationbabban abu neabin sarrafawawanda aka samo daga ƙarin aiki na ɗanyekwal. Bayan farkonsarrafa kayanakwaldagakwalCarbonization, yana fama da juzu'i distillation. A yayin wannan tsari, fasali mai haske mai haske (kamar man mai, mai, mai mai naphrolene) an cire mai, an cire mai, da antramene) an cire shi a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Abin da ya ragu bayan waɗannan abubuwan da ke cikin ɓoye sun kasance a kashe suCin-s Filation. Shi ne ragowar wannandistillation na kwalba. Wannan yana saCin-s Filationmafi gyara da mai da hankaliabuidan aka kwatanta da ɗanyekwal.

BambancinCin-s Filationya ta'allaka ne a cikin kaddarorinta. Yawanci abaƙiko mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasama zazzabi a dakin, kodayake ana iya samar da shi a cikin man shafawa tare da bambance-bambancedanko. Halayensa mabuɗin sun haɗa da kyakkyawan ƙarfin ruwa, babban juriya gana kemistriHare-harin (acid, alkalis, da salts), m m m zuwa wurare daban-daban, da babbaainihin gawayiabun ciki. Waɗannan kaddarorin suna yinCin-s Filationmusamman da amfani ga kewayon nemam roƙos. DasarrafanaCin-s Filationza a iya dacewa don cimma takamaiman maki dadankomaki, ya danganta da niyyayi amfani.

Misali, maɗaukakiainihin gawayiabun ciki ya yiCin-s FilationWanda aka fi so a cikinsarrafa kayanaainihin gawayielectrodes ga aluminum da masana'antu mata (kamar søderberg da prebaked anodes prebordes. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin rufin fells da shingles saboda halaye masu hana ruwa, a matsayinshafidon bututun ruwa don hana lalata, kuma a wasu ƙwallon ƙafa na musamman. Takamaiman matakinCin-s Filation, kamarMatsakaici Tashin zazzabikoBabban zazzabi na zazzabi, ya ɗora ƙwayoyin ta don waɗannan bambance bambancenyi amfanis. Canji daga danyekwalga mai ladabiCin-s FilationMuhimmi inganta darajar ta da aiki a sassan masana'antu na musamman.

4. Haske akan bambance-bambance: Labaran kwalba vs

A'a,kwaldaCin-s Filationhaƙiƙa ba masu canzawa bane, kodayake suna da alaƙa da juna. Na farkobambanciya ta'allaka ne a matakin sarrafa su kuma yana haifar da tsari.Kwalshine farkon, danyeruwa mai duhuByproduct samu kai tsaye daga carbonization nakwal. Cakuda cakuda ce mai dauke da karfi da yawana kemistri mahallis da kwayoyin da suka yi yawa. Yi tunanin shi kamar rawabusabo ne dagacoketanda.

Cin-s Filation, a gefe guda, mai ladabi neabin sarrafawawanda aka samo dagakwalta hanyar distillation. A lokacindistillation na kwalba, wuta mai sauƙi, mafi yawan murabba'i mai ɓoye (mai kamar creosote, mai na naphthale, da sauransu) an cire.Cin-s Filationshine mai nauyi, wanda ba a bari a ba shi da kyau. Nufin wannanCin-s Filationyana da mafi girman taro na hadaddun, nauyi-m playcular hydrocarbons da ƙananan ƙananan abun ciki na Volatile Organicmahallis (cocs) idan aka kwatanta da ɗanyekwal. Yana da yawanci amko semi-m abua zazzabi a daki, alhali danshikwalruwa ne. Wannan muhimmancinbambanciA cikin yanayin jiki dana kemistrikayan shafa sun danganta neroƙos.

Dayi amfanimaganganun bayyana wannanbambanci. ƊanyekwalZa a iya amfani da kai tsaye a cikin wasu tsofaffi, karancin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace ko, mafi yawanci, yana da yawanci, yana da yawanci, yana da yawanci, yana da haɗari kamar yadda ake cike da distillation.Cin-s Filation, tare da takamaiman kaddarorinsa kamar babbaainihin gawayiAbun ciki, kyakkyawan ƙarfin ƙarfin, da ruwa, ana amfani da injin don ƙarin buƙatumMatsayi. Misali,sarrafa kayana carbon anodes don aluminium smelting sosai dogara akan takamaiman maki naCin-s Filationa matsayin m. Ba za ku yi amfani da raw bakwalA saboda wannan, kamar yadda masu zuwa zasu haifar da matsaloli yayin yin burodi da aiki. Hakazalika, babban aikiKwalban kwalbaan tsara su don sauƙin sarrafawa da takamaiman matakan masana'antu inda daidaito da tsarkakakken filin da keɓaɓɓe. Don haka, yayin da duka suke a cikinkwal, Cin-s Filationshine mafi yawan sarrafawa, musamman, kuma sau da yawa yana da mahimmanciabufiye da iyayensa,kwal.

5. Kwalta ba aori ba: Shin Tashin, Petroleum ne, ko wani abu don hayaniyar hanya?

Wannan wata matsala ce ta gama gari! Yayin da duka biyukwaltadakwalta(musammankwal) sunebaƙi, mabuS amfani a cikihanya shirida kuma yin kwalliya, suna bambanta iri iri kuma suna da asali daban-daban. Dakwaltagalibi ana amfani da su don tsara hanyoyi a yauKarin asloleum, kuma ana kiranta bitumen. Yana da ta hanyarman fetursake tunani. A lokacin da ɗanyemaiDistilled, da canjin wuta kamar fetur, dizal, da kuma jet man za a cire. Da mai nauyi, jeri na viscous ya rage a kasan shineKarin asloleum.

Kwal, kamar yadda muka tattauna, ya fito ne daga carbonization nakwal. Lokacin dakwalda abubuwan da suka daceCin-s Filationan yi amfani da shi a tarihihanyasurfacing kuma a matsayin sealants (kuma har yanzu suna cikin wasu takamaimanroƙos ko yankuna),Karin asloleumya zama mafi rinjayeabuduniya saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da farashi, kasancewa, da kuma halayen aikin da aka daidaita don zamanihanyacibiyoyin sadarwa. DabambanciA cikinsuna kemistriKayan shafawa yana da mahimmanci:Karin asloleumya ƙunshi yawancin alkalin alkhairi da na rigakafi, alhalikwalyana da arziki a cikin hydrocarbons mai ƙanshi. WannanbambanciYana shafar kaddarorinsu, kamar hadaya ga canje-canjen yanayin zafin, juriya, har ma da kamshi.

Don haka, lokacin da kuka ga mai ɗaukar hoto ahanya, suna iya amfani daKarin asloleum. Yana da mahimmanci kada ayi amfaniSharuɗɗankwaltadakwaltam a cikin wannan mahallin, musamman ma tattaunawar fasaha, saboda yana haifar da rashin fahimta game daabu'smafarida kadarorin. Yayin duka zasu iyasa a kan hanyaa farfajiya kuma sanya shibaƙida tsaurara mai ruwa, aikinsu a karkashin zirga-zirga,muhallila'akari game dabayyanada gudu, da kuma dacewa da wasuabus bambanta. Misali,kwalAn san sealants don kyakkyawan juriya gaman fetur-base mai da sauran ƙarfi, dukiya ba kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin misaliKarin asloleum. Zabi tsakanin su don takamaimanshiriAikin sau da yawa ya dogara ne da bukatun aikin, dokokin gida, da farashi.

6. Matsayin Petrooleum: Yaya mai mai da aka haɗa zuwa tashar jirgi da sauran kayayyakin masana'antu?

Man fetur, ko ɗanyemai, shine ainihin abin da ke faruwa a zahiri, rawaya-ruwa mai duhuAn samo shi a ƙasan duniya, wanda za'a iya gyara shi don samar da matsakaitan mai dam abin sarrafawas. Haɗinsa zuwakwaltashi ne kai tsaye da kuma asali: mafi yawan gama gariirinakwaltaamfani a yau, musamman donhanyapaving, shineKarin asloleum(bitumen), wanda yakewanda aka samokai tsaye daga maganganunman fetur. A lokacin gundumar distillation na danyemai, an raba kayan da aka ware bisa ga wuraren tafasasshen. Fiye da juzu'i kamar fetur, kerosene, kuma ana cire dizal a bayan bangarorin da suka yi yawa.Karin asloleumShin mafi girman juzu'i, karar viscious, kasan-na-da-ganga saura.

Da takamaiman kaddarorin naKarin asloleumsanya shi mai kyau m don tara kashi (kamar dutse da yashi) don ƙirƙirarkwaltakankare, kayan da aka yi amfani da su don mafi yawan hanyoyi. Yanayinsa na viscoelatus yana ba da damar ƙarfafa da ƙarfi har yanzu yana da sauƙin isa ya sa tsayayya da ɗakunan zazzabi da bambancin zafin jiki. Dasarrafa kayanaKarin asloleumza a iya sarrafawa don samar da maki daban-daban tare da bambance bambancen dadanko, dace da yanayin yanayi daban-daban da yanayin zirga-zirga. Wannan yana saman feturmai mahimmancimafari abuGa Duniyashirimasana'antu.

BayankwaltaGa hanyoyi,man feturshinemafarina sauranm abin sarrafawas. Petrochemicals, wanda aka samo dagaman feturda gas na halitta, ana amfani dasusarrafaTrustics, roba roba, da takin zamani, da kuma taron mutanena kemistris. Ko da wasu nau'ikanCarbon Black, ana amfani dashi azaman launi da kuma ƙarfafa wakili a cikin tayoyin da sauran robaabin sarrafawas, ana iya samar da su dagaman feturFindstocks. Yayinda muke da hankali a nan mafi yawan lokutakwalda abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, yana da mahimmanci a ganeman feturKamar yadda wani manyanmafarina hydrocarbons da ke shafawa duniyarmu da kuma samar da mahimmanciabus don rayuwar zamani, gami da rashin daidaituwabaƙiyi rawaabuMuna kirakwalta. Scale mafi girmaman feturmaimaitawa yana nufin hakanKarin asloleumgabaɗaya yana samuwa da tsada don manyan ayyukan tanadi.

7. Kulla da titans: Babban rarrabe da Titans: Babban rarrabawa tsakanin jirgin, kwalta, da samfuran man fetur a cikin amfani da kaddarorin?

Fahimtar rarrabewa tsakaninkwalKayayyakin,Karin asloleum, da sauranman fetur-wazawaabus yana da mahimmanci don zabar damaabin sarrafawaDon takamaimanroƙo. Yayin da zasu iya bayyana wani lokacinm(E.G.,baƙi, viscous), asalinsu,na kemistriHalayen abubuwa, da kuma halayen aikin sun bambanta sosai.Kwalda kuma takardar tabbatacce,Cin-s Filation, samo asali dagakwal, yayinKarin asloleum(bitumen) da sauranman feturKayayyaki sunewanda aka samodaga danyemai.

Kwalsamfuran suna da wadataccen kayan kwalliya na polycycick hydrocarbons (PAHs), suna ba su kyakkyawan juriya garuwa, mai, man fetur, dana kemistris. Wannan ya sa suka dace da sutturar kariya, sealts a cikin mahalli, da kuma kamar yadda suke cikiainihin gawayisamfura kamar electrodes (saboda babbaainihin gawayiyawa). Koyaya, kasancewarPahsHakanan yana nufin kulawa damuhallila'akari game dabayyanaya zama dole.KwalAbubuwan tushen suna iya zama mafi tsayayya ga UV lalata fiye da wasuman feturasphalts.

Karin asloleum, a gefe guda, an haɗa da farko da alkhairi da naphataccarbons na al'ada. Yana da rinjayeabudon \ dominhanyaA hanawa saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa tare da tara, sassauci, da tsada-tasiri a kan babban sikeli. Yayinda yake samar da kyakkyawar ruwa mai kyau, juriya daman fetur-based magudanar da yawa gaba daya kasa da nakwal. Wani dabamman feturKayayyaki, kamar mai da kuma mai tsami, suna da cikakkun abubuwa daban-daban (madaukai mai haske hydrocarbon sarƙoƙi) dayi amfanis. Dabambanciana kemistri mahallikayan shafa suna haifar da abubuwa daban-daban, viwi, da dacewa ga daban-dabanmtafiyar matakai. Misali, dasarrafa kayana wasu kayan kwalliya na musamman na iya sokwaldon mafi girman juriya na sinadarai, yayin da manyan-sikelin zai kusan koyausheyi amfani Karin asloleum.

Ga sauƙaƙawa mai sauƙaƙewa:

Wannan tebur yana nuna cewa zaɓinabuya dogara sosai akan takamaiman bukatun naroƙo, gami da bukatun aiki,muhalliDokoki, da tsada. A matsayin masana'anta, mun ƙware a cikikwalsamfurori da fahimtar abubuwan da suka sanya su sosaimsassan.

8. Me ya sa kake da ingancin kwalba mai kyau da kuma petrooleum cokali mai mahimmanci ga kasuwancin ku?

Don kasuwanci kamar waɗanda mallakar ta Alam Thompson, wanda zai iya siyan kayakwalKayayyakin (kamarkwalban kwal) dapetrooleum cokeDon Resale ga aluminium smleters, Mills Mills, kohanyar giniKamfanoni, suna da ingancin inganciabuba kawai fifiko ba - abu ne na asali. Ingancin wadannan rawabus kai tsaye yana tasiri aikin ƙarsheabin sarrafawas da ingancin damAna amfani da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a ciki. Misali, a cikin aluminum, tsarkakakke da daidaito naCin-s Filationamfani dashi azaman boye donainihin gawayiAnodes suna da mahimmanci. Rashin daidaituwa ko bambance-bambancen ciki a cikin ingancin filin zai iya haifar da gazawarsarrafa kayaInganci. Hakanan, ingancinpetrooleum coke(Musamman Calcikinpetrooleum coke) Yana shafar aikinsa a matsayinainihin gawayiRaiser a cikin ƙarfe ko a matsayin rawabudon anodes.

Karancin ingancikwalkopetrooleum cokena iya gabatar da matsaloli na matsaloli. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da rashin daidaituwadankoko maki mai laushi a cikiCin-s Filation, yana haifar da matsaloli a aiki daabin sarrafawalahani. Don \ dominpetrooleum coke, al'amurori kamar babban abun sulfur, mummunan abu mai yawa, ko kuma ba a iya amfani da ƙarfe mara kyau bayi amfaniA cikin tsarin ƙarfe ko bayar da gudummawa gamuhalliƙalubalen haɗin gwiwar. Kamar yadda wani a cikinsarrafa kayaGefen kaina, kamar yadda aka yi allen, Na ga da farko da ingancin kayan abinci zai iya yayyage ta fuskar sarkar gaba ɗaya. Mun saka hannun jari sosai a cikin 7sarrafa kayaLines don tabbatar da cewa zamu iya aiwatar da rawkwalyadda ya kamata da samar da daidaito, inganciCin-s Filationda sauran abubuwan da suka dace.

Mark Thompson ya shafi damuwa game da bincike mai inganci da takaddun shaida sabili da haka gaba daya yana da inganci. Amintattun masu kaya dole ne su samar da cikakken tabbaci, gami da riko da ka'idojin duniya (kamar Iso) da kuma bayar da rahoton fassararabin sarrafawabayani dalla-dalla. Sirrin takaddun shaida ne mai mahimmanci, kuma masu sayayya suna buƙatar abokan da suka ja-gora zuwa ga aminci. Tare da ƙanshin ingancikwaldapetrooleum cokeshima rage yawanmuhalliHadarin da ke hade da ƙazanta da tabbatar da cewa karsheroƙos haduwa da bukatun lissafi. Daga qarshe, daidaitaccen inganci yana haifar da kyakkyawan aiki, rage matsaloli na aiki, da kuma suna don kasuwanci kamar Mark ɗin da ke ba da waɗannan mahimmancinabus zuwa ƙarshen-masu amfani. Yana da hannun jari a aminci da gamsuwa na abokin gaba.

9. Karkatar da kasuwa: Aikace-aikacen Key da yadda za a zabi samfurin kwalba mai kyau don bukatunku?

Kasuwa donkwalsamfuran sun bambanta, tare da maki daban-daban da siffofin da aka dace da takamaimanm roƙos. Zabi damaabin sarrafawayana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da tasiri-tasiri. Maƙulliroƙos donkwalnasarorin, musammanCin-s Filation, hada dayi amfania matsayin mai ba da abinci a cikinsarrafanaainihin gawayiAnodes ga aluminium shafa da electrodes na zane don tafin wutar lantarki na Arc a cikin ƙarfe. Da girmaainihin gawayiAbun ciki da kyawawan cocing darajar sune makasudin a nan. Wani babbayi amfaniyana cikin kayan rufi, inda kaddarorinta masu ruwancin ruwa suna da daraja sosai.Kwalenams da sutura kuma ana amfani dasu don kare bututun ruwa da kuma tsarin marine daga lalata daga lalata juriya garuwadana kemistris.

Lokacin zabar Akwal abin sarrafawa, da yawa dalilai sun zo wasa. Da ake buƙata na laushi mai mahimmanci shine mahimmancin sifa don tashin hankali, tantance zafin jiki wandaabuSauƙaƙe daga ɓarkemzuwa mafi filastik na filastik.DankoA aikace-aikace na aikace-aikace yana da mahimmanci don kulawa da sarrafawa. Misali, aBabban zazzabi na zazzabi(Sau da yawa yana nufin babban filin sigar mai laushi) ana buƙatar sa don aikace-aikacen da suka shafi yawan yanayin zafi, yayin da aMatsakaici Tashin zazzabiZai yiwu ya dace da sauran ɗaure ko na neman dalilai. Abubuwan da ke cikin takamaiman kayan haɗin kamar Quinoline Insolubles (qi), Toluene Insolubles (Ti), da beta-resins kuma suna tasiri a wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin mai ƙwarewa.

Bugu da ƙari, don aikace-aikace kamarhanya shiriko gyara, musammankwal-based sealants koGyara asphaltsamfuran (wanda zai iya zama wani lokacikwalDangane da shi ko aka zaba) za a zaɓi don haɓakar haɓakarsu da juriya ga gurbata man fetur. A matsayin mai siyar da masana'anta, I, Allen, koyaushe ba da shawara ga abokan ciniki kamar Mark Thompson don bayyana ƙarshensuyi amfanida kuma bukatun wasan. Wannan yana ba mu damar bayar da shawarar mafi dacewakwal abin sarrafawa, ko daidaitaccen daraja ne ko tsarin al'ada. Fahimtar zanen kayan fasaha da tabbatar daabin sarrafawaYa haɗu da ƙa'idodin masana'antu masu dacewa shine mabuɗin. Yawancin lokaci muna aiki tare da abokan ciniki don tabbatar dakwal abin sarrafawaSuna zaɓar daga rayuwarmu, ku kasance flakes, toshe, ko ruwa, daidai aligns tare da susarrafa kayatafiyar matakai da kuma yanayin inganci. Labari ne game da dacewa da kaddarorin musamman nakwalga madaidaicin bukatunroƙo.

10. Nemo wani mai ba da tallafi a China: Me ya kamata masu siya kamar alamar Thompson filedize?

Ga masu siye na duniya kamar Mark Thompson daga Amurka, tare da famingkwalKayayyaki dapetrooleum cokeDaga kasashe masu tasowa kamar China na iya ba da farashin gasa. Koyaya, ya zo tare da yiwuwar kalubaloli. Saboda haka, fifikon wasu dalilai yayin zaɓar masu kaya yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsari. Mark. Jin hankalin sa, irin wannan sadarwa da tafiye-tafiye mai jigilar kaya, mai haske, ƙarin haske da buƙatar abokin zama mai aminci da gaske.

Da farko dai,Tabbacin inganciabu ne mai mahimmanci. Abin dogaramasana'antar kwalyakamata ya sami tsarin sarrafa ingancin ingancin wuri a wurin, daga rawabu (kwalA ci abinci zuwa karsheabin sarrafawaaika. Wannan ya hada da gwaji na yau da kullun don mahimman sigogi (aya mai laushi,danko, Ash abun ciki, Qi, TI, da sauransu) da riko da ka'idojin ƙasa. Masu siye yakamata su nemi masu ba da izini ga hanyoyin gwajin su kuma a shirye suke don samar da takaddun shaida A matsayin masana'anta tare da 7sarrafa kayaLines, muna cikin ZGFY fahimtar mahimmancin daidaito, kuma muna tabbatar da mukwaldaCin-s FilationKayayyakin sun haɗu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Tabbatattun Takaddun shaida, kamar ISO 9001 don Gudanar da inganci da kuma yiwuwar iso 14001 donmuhalliGudanarwa, kyawawan alamu ne na sadaukarwar mai kaya. Mark game da fromarfafa Tarihi na lokaci-lokaci yana buƙatar tabbatar da irin waɗannan takardu.

Logistic da sadarwa sune wasu wurare masu mahimmanci. An sami wasu 'yan wasan kamar mu, a kai a kai a kai a kai ga Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, Turai, da kuma Australia, sun fahimci hadaddun jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa, da kuma tabbatar da isar da lokaci a kan lokaci. A bayyane, m, da ingantaccen sadarwa, zai fi dacewa tare da wakilan tallace-tallace da suke da kyakkyawar fahimta game daabin sarrafawaKuma bukatun mai siye (koda kuwa ba su da fasaha mai zurfi), na iya hana rashin fahimta da jinkirta. Shirin zafin shakatawa game da rashin daidaituwa ne isassiyar sadarwa shine mabuɗin; Mai siyar da ya kamata ya kasance mai mahimmanci da amsa. Hanyoyi masu sassauƙa da amintattu kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga amintaccen dangantaka. Daga qarshe, masu sayen kamar Mul yakamata su nemi tsarin haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare daBabban Haske Karo Jigo Da Mai Ba da kayawanda ya nuna ba farashi mai gasa ba ne, amma kuma madadin sadaukarwa ga inganci, aminci, da sabis na abokin ciniki, da kuma sabis ɗin abokin ciniki, don haka mitigating hadarin hadari dabayyanadon samar da rushewar sarkar.

Key Titauna don tunawa:

• Kwaltalokaci daya ne na gaba daya;kwalyana musamman da ta hanyarkwalcarbonization, mai arziki a cikin aromaticna kemistris.
• Cin-s Filationwani tsayayyen saura ne dagakwaldistillation, yawanci amtare da babbaainihin gawayiAbun ciki, ana amfani dashi azaman sanyaya kuma don hana ruwa.
• Kwaltaamfani da shihanyapaving ne yawanciKarin asloleum(bitumen), wani saura daga danyemaisake fasalin, wanda ya bambanta dakwal.
• Man feturshinemafarinaKarin asloleumda sauran man fetur dam abin sarrafawas.
• Dabambancis a asalin (kwalvs.man fetur) kai ga bambancina kemistriAbubuwan da aka sanya, kaddarorin, daroƙos don waɗannanbaƙi, viscousabus.
• Don \ dominmYana amfani da kamar aluminium smelting, mai laushi, da kuma kwalliyar kwalliya, takamaiman kaddarorin nakwaldaCin-s Filation(E.G., Highainihin gawayi, na kemistrijuriya) suna da daraja sosai.
• Tare da ƙanshin ingancikwalKayayyaki dapetrooleum cokeAna buƙatar zaɓi na mai ba da hankali, mai da hankali kan tabbacin inganci, ingantattun bayanai, da kuma abubuwan da suka dace don sayayya kamar alamar Thompson.
• Fahimtar abubuwan da ke tsakanin waɗannanabus yana taimakawa wajen sanar da shawarar da aka sanar game da daban-dabanshiridam roƙos, tabbatar da damaabin sarrafawaana amfani dashi don manufar da ta dace.